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Separation Numbers
Separation may refer to: Films * ''Separation'' (1967 film), a British feature film written by and starring Jane Arden and directed by Jack Bond * '' La Séparation'', 1994 French film * ''A Separation'', 2011 Iranian film * ''Separation'' (2013 film), an American thriller film starring Sarah Manninen * ''Separation'' (2021 film), an American horror film Literature * ''The Separation'' (Bury Novel), an 1830 novel by Lady Charlotte Bury * ''The Separation'' (Priest novel), a 2002 novel by Christopher Priest * ''The Separation'' (Applegate novel), a 1999 novel in the ''Animorphs'' series by K.A. Applegate * ''Separation'', a 1976 Canadian political novel by Richard Rohmer Music * ''Separation'', a 2011 album by Balance and Composure * ''Separation'' (EP), a 2006 EP by Halou * ''Separations'' (album), a 1992 album by British alternative rock band Pulp * Separation mastering, in music recording Law and politics * Marital separation, when a married couple ceases living to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Separation (1967 Film)
''Separation'' is a 1967 British experimental film, experimental psychological drama, psychological drama film directed by Jack Bond (director), Jack Bond and starring Jane Arden (director), Jane Arden, David de Keyser, Ann Lynn and Iain Quarrier. It was written by Arden. The mostly black and white film occasionally cuts to colour sequences. Plot The film concerns the inner life of a woman during a period of breakdown – marital and possibly mental. Her past and (possible?) future are revealed through a fragmented and often humorous narrative, in which dreams and desires are as real as Swinging London, the film's setting. Cast * Jane Arden (director), Jane Arden as Jane * David de Keyser as husband/psychiatrist * Ann Lynn as woman * Iain Quarrier as Iain, Jane's lover * Fay Brooke * Terence De Marney as old man * Malou Pantera * Ann Norman * Joy Bang * Kathleen Saintsbury * Peter Thomas * Neil Holmes * Theo Aygar * Leslie Linder * Tom Corbett * Donald Sayer Production The fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Separation Of Church And State
The separation of church and state is a philosophical and Jurisprudence, jurisprudential concept for defining political distance in the relationship between religious organizations and the State (polity), state. Conceptually, the term refers to the creation of a secular state (with or without legally explicit church-state separation) and to disestablishment, the changing of an existing, formal relationship between the church and the state. The concept originated among early Baptists in America. In 1644, Roger Williams, a Baptist minister and founder of the Rhode Island, state of Rhode Island and the First Baptist Church in America, was the first public official to call for "a wall or hedge of separation" between "the wilderness of the world" and "the garden of the church." Although the concept is older, the exact phrase "separation of church and state" is derived from "wall of separation between Church & State," a term coined by Thomas Jefferson in his 1802 letter to members of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Point-pair Separation
In a cyclic order, such as the real projective line, two pairs of points separate each other when they occur alternately in the order. Thus the ordering ''a b c d'' of four points has (''a,c'') and (''b,d'') as separating pairs. This point-pair separation is an invariant of projectivities of the line. Concept The concept was described by G. B. Halsted at the outset of his ''Synthetic Projective Geometry'': Given any pair of points on a projective line, they separate a third point from its harmonic conjugate. A pair of lines in a pencil separates another pair when a transversal crosses the pairs in separated points. The point-pair separation of points was written AC//BD by H. S. M. Coxeter in his textbook ''The Real Projective Plane''. Application The relation may be used in showing the real projective plane is a complete space. The axiom of continuity used is "Every monotonic sequence of points has a limit." The point-pair separation is used to provide definitions: * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mutual Fund Separation Theorem
In Modern portfolio theory, portfolio theory, a mutual fund separation theorem, mutual fund theorem, or separation theorem is a theorem stating that, under certain conditions, any investor's optimal portfolio can be constructed by holding each of certain mutual funds in appropriate ratios, where the number of mutual funds is smaller than the number of individual assets in the portfolio. Here a mutual fund refers to any specified benchmark portfolio of the available assets. There are two advantages of having a mutual fund theorem. First, if the relevant conditions are met, it may be easier (or lower in transactions costs) for an investor to purchase a smaller number of mutual funds than to purchase a larger number of assets individually. Second, from a theoretical and empirical standpoint, if it can be assumed that the relevant conditions are indeed satisfied, then Capital asset pricing model, implications for the functioning of asset markets can be derived and tested. Portfolio se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Separation Theorem (other)
Separation theorem may refer to several theorems in different fields. Economics * Fisher separation theorem (corporation theory) - asserts that the objective of a corporation will be the maximization of its present value, regardless of the preferences of its shareholders. *Mutual fund separation theorem (portfolio theory) states that, under certain conditions, any investor's optimal portfolio can be constructed by holding each of certain mutual funds in appropriate ratios, where the number of mutual funds is smaller than the number of individual assets in the portfolio. Mathematics * Gabbay's separation theorem (mathematical logic and computer science) states that any arbitrary temporal logic formula can be rewritten in a logically equivalent "past → future" form. * Planar separator theorem (graph theory) states that any planar graph can be split into smaller pieces by removing a small number of vertices. * Lusin's separation theorem (descriptive set theory) states that for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Separation Process
A separation process is a method that converts a mixture or a solution of chemical substances into two or more distinct product mixtures, a scientific process of separating two or more substances in order to obtain purity. At least one product mixture from the separation is enriched in one or more of the source mixture's constituents. In some cases, a separation may fully divide the mixture into pure constituents. Separations exploit differences in chemical properties or physical properties (such as size, shape, charge, mass, density, or chemical affinity) between the constituents of a mixture. Processes are often classified according to the particular properties they exploit to achieve separation. If no single difference can be used to accomplish the desired separation, multiple operations can often be combined to achieve the desired end. Different processes are also sometimes categorized by their separating agent, i.e. ''mass separating agents'' or ''energy separating agents' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Separation Principle
In control theory, a separation principle, more formally known as a principle of separation of estimation and control, states that under some assumptions the problem of designing an optimal feedback controller for a stochastic system can be solved by designing an optimal state observer, observer for the state of the system, which feeds into an optimal deterministic controller (control theory), controller for the system. Thus the problem can be broken into two separate parts, which facilitates the design. The first instance of such a principle is in the setting of deterministic linear systems, namely that if a stable state observer, observer and a stable state feedback are designed for a LTI system theory, linear time-invariant system (LTI system hereafter), then the combined observer and feedback is BIBO stability, stable. The separation principle does not hold in general for nonlinear systems. Another instance of the separation principle arises in the setting of linear stochastic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Separation Of Variables
In mathematics, separation of variables (also known as the Fourier method) is any of several methods for solving ordinary differential equation, ordinary and partial differential equations, in which algebra allows one to rewrite an equation so that each of two variables occurs on a different side of the equation. Ordinary differential equations (ODE) A differential equation for the unknown f(x) is separable if it can be written in the form :\frac f(x) = g(x)h(f(x)) where g and h are given functions. This is perhaps more transparent when written using y = f(x) as: :\frac=g(x)h(y). So now as long as ''h''(''y'') ≠ 0, we can rearrange terms to obtain: : = g(x) \, dx, where the two variables ''x'' and ''y'' have been separated. Note ''dx'' (and ''dy'') can be viewed, at a simple level, as just a convenient notation, which provides a handy mnemonic aid for assisting with manipulations. A formal definition of ''dx'' as a differential (infinitesimal) is somewhat advanced. Al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Separation Of Concerns
In computer science, separation of concerns (sometimes abbreviated as SoC) is a design principle for separating a computer program into distinct sections. Each section addresses a separate '' concern'', a set of information that affects the code of a computer program. A concern can be as general as "the details of the hardware for an application", or as specific as "the name of which class to instantiate". A program that embodies SoC well is called a modular program. Modularity, and hence separation of concerns, is achieved by encapsulating information inside a section of code that has a well-defined interface. Encapsulation is a means of information hiding. Layered designs or packaging by feature in information systems are another embodiment of separation of concerns (e.g., presentation layer, business logic layer, data access layer, persistence layer). Separation of concerns results in more degrees of freedom for some aspect of the program's design, deployment, or usage. Comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Separation Axiom
In topology and related fields of mathematics, there are several restrictions that one often makes on the kinds of topological spaces that one wishes to consider. Some of these restrictions are given by the separation axioms. These are sometimes called ''Tychonoff separation axioms'', after Andrey Tychonoff. The separation axioms are not fundamental axioms like those of Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory, set theory, but rather defining properties which may be specified to distinguish certain types of topological spaces. The separation axioms are denoted with the letter "T" after the German language, German ''Trennungsaxiom'' ("separation axiom"), and increasing numerical subscripts denote stronger and stronger properties. The precise definitions of the history of the separation axioms, separation axioms have varied over time. Especially in older literature, different authors might have different definitions of each condition. Preliminary definitions Before we define the separation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Separated Sets
In topology and related branches of mathematics, separated sets are pairs of subsets of a given topological space that are related to each other in a certain way: roughly speaking, neither overlapping nor touching. The notion of when two sets are separated or not is important both to the notion of connected spaces (and their connected components) as well as to the separation axioms for topological spaces. Separated sets should not be confused with separated spaces (defined below), which are somewhat related but different. Separable spaces are again a completely different topological concept. Definitions There are various ways in which two subsets A and B of a topological space X can be considered to be separated. A most basic way in which two sets can be separated is if they are disjoint, that is, if their intersection is the empty set. This property has nothing to do with topology as such, but only set theory. Each of the following properties is stricter than disjoint ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intertemporal Portfolio Choice
Intertemporal portfolio choice is the process of allocating one's investable wealth to various assets, especially financial assets, repeatedly over time, in such a way as to optimize some criterion. The set of asset proportions at any time defines a portfolio. Since the returns on almost all assets are not fully predictable, the criterion has to take financial risk into account. Typically the criterion is the expected value of some concave function of the value of the portfolio after a certain number of time periods—that is, the expected utility of final wealth. Alternatively, it may be a function of the various levels of goods and services consumption that are attained by withdrawing some funds from the portfolio after each time period. Discrete time Time-independent decisions In a general context the optimal portfolio allocation in any time period after the first will depend on the amount of wealth that results from the previous period's portfolio, which depends on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
