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Sembrouthes
Sembrouthes was a King of the Kingdom of Aksum who most likely reigned sometime in the 3rd century. He is known only from a single inscription in Greek that was found at Dekemhare (ደቀምሓረ ድንበዛን), Hamasien in modern-day Eritrea, which is dated to his 24th regnal year. Sembrouthes was the first known ruler in the lands later ruled by the Emperor of Ethiopia to adopt the title "King of Kings".Munro-Hay, "The Chronology of Aksum: A Reappraisal of the History and Development of the Aksumite State from Numismatic and Archeological Evidence" (University of London, 1978), p. 185 He is a probable candidate for the king who erected the Monumentum Adulitanum. His inscription reads as: Discussing the evidence provided in the inscription and the absence of any coins issued with his name of them, Munro-Hay concludes that Sembrouthes "finds better into the earlier part of the Aksumite royal sequence. In his later history of Aksum, Munro-Hay narrowed the date of his reig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Kings Of Axum
The kings of Axum ruled an important trading state in the area which is now northern Ethiopia and Eritrea, from 400 BC to 960 AD. Sources Various regnal lists of Axumite monarchs have survived to the present day via manuscripts or oral tradition. However, the lists often contradict each other and many lists contain incomplete or scattered information. The lists were likely compiled over a long period at several different monasteries. Some historians consider these lists to be untrustworthy. There are a number of legendary figures at the beginning of some lists whose historicity is difficult to confirm or trace. Axumite kings may have used multiple names similar to the later Emperors of the Ethiopian Empire (1270–1974), resulting in different names for the same ruler on different lists. Aksumite coins have proven useful for constructing a chronology of Axumite kings. Around 98 percent of the city of Axum has not yet been excavated. At least 18 kings have been identified with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ʽDBH
DBH robably vocalized Azaba or Adhebah(fl. 3rd century) was a king of Aksum, in the territory of modern-day North Ethiopia and Eritrea, who ruled c. 230–240. He and his son GRMT (possibly vocalized as "Girmai") are known through South Arabian inscriptions which mention Shamir, king of Dhu-Raydan and Himyar asking for his help against the Sabaean kings.Munro-Hay, S. C. (1991). ''Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity'', p. 73. Edinburgh Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 Council areas of Scotland, council areas. The city is located in southeast Scotland and is bounded to the north by the Firth of Forth and to the south by the Pentland Hills. Edinburgh ...: University Press. References Kings of Axum 2nd-century births 3rd-century monarchs in Africa Year of birth unknown Place of birth unknown Year of death unknown Place of death unknown {{Ethiopia-royal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ella Amida
Ousanas (fl. 320), known as Ella Allada or Ella Amida in Eritrean and Ethiopian tradition, was the ruler of the Kingdom of Aksum in the 320s AD. Some historians believe that Christianity was introduced into Aksum during his reign. Little is known about his life, but he may have invaded and imposed tribute upon Nubia, and he may have had a "relatively long reign". His reign may have been briefly interrupted by the usurper Wazeba. Stuart Munro-Hay believes that it is "very likely" that Ousanas is the king to whom Aedesius and Frumentius were brought. W.R.O. Hahn, in a study published in 1983, identifies Sembrouthes, who is known only from an inscription found in Daqqi Mahari in modern Eritrea, with Ousanas. If correct, this would give Ousanas a reign of at least 27 years. Axumite regnal lists and alternate names Ethiopian tradition credits Abreha and Atsbeha with being the first Christian kings of the country. They were likely based on the brothers Ezana and Saizana, sons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monumentum Adulitanum
The ''Monumentum Adulitanum'' is the name for two Greek inscriptions from Adulis, the major port city in the modern day Eritrea Kingdom of Aksum. The two Greek inscriptions are known, respectively, as Monumentum Adulitanum I and Monumentum Adulitanum II (or RIE 277). They are grouped together because both are known through their description by the 6th-century merchant Cosmas Indicopleustes in his '' Christian Topography'', while neither has been independently physically discovered. Cosmas believed that both inscriptions were erected by the same king, namely, the Hellenistic ruler Ptolemy III (r. 246–222 BC). Modern historians agree that they two were written centuries apart: the first was written by Ptolemy, as Cosmas suspected, whereas the second was a royal Aksumite inscription commissioned by the king from the late second or third century AD. The second one, Monumentum Adulitanum II, is the more famous of the two, being the one that Cosmas said was inscribed onto a throne in A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Of Kings
King of Kings, ''Mepet mepe''; , group="n" was a ruling title employed primarily by monarchs based in the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent. Commonly associated with History of Iran, Iran (historically known as name of Iran, Persia in Western world, the West), especially the Achaemenid Empire, Achaemenid and Sasanian Empires, the title was originally introduced during the Middle Assyrian Empire by King Tukulti-Ninurta I (reigned 1233–1197 BC) and was subsequently used in a number of different kingdoms and empires, including the aforementioned Persia, various History of Greece, Hellenic kingdoms, History of India, India, History of Armenia, Armenia, History of Georgia (country), Georgia, and History of Ethiopia, Ethiopia. The title is commonly seen as equivalent to that of Emperor, both titles outranking that of king in prestige, stemming from the Late antiquity, late antique Roman emperor, Roman and List of Byzantine emperors, Eastern Roman emperors who saw the ''S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Of Ethiopia
The emperor of Ethiopia (, "King of Kings"), also known as the Atse (, "emperor"), was the hereditary monarchy, hereditary ruler of the Ethiopian Empire, from at least the 13th century until the abolition of the monarchy in 1975. The emperor was the head of state and head of government, with ultimate executive power, executive, judicial power, judicial and legislative power in that country. A ''National Geographic'' article from 1965 called Imperial Ethiopia "nominally a constitutional monarchy; in fact it was a benevolent dictatorship, benevolent autocracy". Title and style The title "King of Kings", often rendered imprecisely in English as "emperor", dates back to ancient Mesopotamia, but was used in Aksumite Empire, Axum by King Sembrouthes (). However, Yuri Kobishchanov dates this usage to the period following the Persian Empire, Persian victory over the Roman Empire, Romans in 296–297. The most notable pre-Solomonic usage of the title "Negusa Nagast" was by Ezana of Ax ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kings Of Axum
The kings of Kingdom of Aksum, Axum ruled an important trading state in the area which is now northern Ethiopia and Eritrea, from 400 BC to 960 AD. Sources Various regnal lists of Axumite monarchs have survived to the present day via manuscripts or oral tradition. However, the lists often contradict each other and many lists contain incomplete or scattered information. The lists were likely compiled over a long period at several different monasteries. Some historians consider these lists to be untrustworthy. There are a number of legendary figures at the beginning of some lists whose historicity is difficult to confirm or trace. Axumite kings may have used multiple names similar to the later List of Emperors of Ethiopia, Emperors of the Ethiopian Empire (1270–1974), resulting in different names for the same ruler on different lists. Axumite currency, Aksumite coins have proven useful for constructing a chronology of Axumite kings. Around 98 percent of the city of Axum has not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DTWNS
DTWNS (vocalized by historians as Datawnas) was a king of Aksum (c. 272). He is mentioned with his son ZQRNS (vocalized as "Zaqarnas") in an inscription from al-Mis`al in Yemen which Yasir Yuhan'im erected after defeating father and son.Stuart Munro-Hay Stuart Christopher Munro-Hay (21 April 1947 – 14 October 2004) was a British archaeologist, numismatist and Ethiopianist. He studied the culture and history of ancient Ethiopia, the Horn of Africa region and South Arabia, particularly their his ..., ''Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity'' (Edinburgh: University Press, 1991), p. 74. Notes Kings of Axum 3rd-century monarchs in Africa Year of birth uncertain Year of death uncertain {{Ethiopia-royal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eritrea
Eritrea, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa, with its capital and largest city being Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopia in the Eritrea–Ethiopia border, south, Sudan in the west, and Djibouti in the southeast. The northeastern and eastern parts of Eritrea have an extensive coastline along the Red Sea. The nation has a total area of approximately , and includes the Dahlak Archipelago and several of the Hanish Islands. Hominid remains found in Eritrea have been dated to 1 million years old and anthropological research indicates that the area may contain significant records related to the evolution of humans. The Kingdom of Aksum, covering much of modern-day Eritrea and Tigray Region, northern Ethiopia, was established during the first or second century AD.Henze, Paul B. (2005) ''Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia'', . It adopted Eritrean Orthodox Church, Christianity around the middle of the fourth century. Beginning in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regnal Year
A regnal year is a year of the reign of a sovereign, from the Latin meaning kingdom, rule. Regnal years considered the date as an ordinal, not a cardinal number. For example, a monarch could have a first year of rule, a second year of rule, a third year of rule, and so on, but not a zeroth year of rule. Applying this ancient epoch system to modern calculations of time, which include zero, is what led to the debate over when the third millennium began. Regnal years are "finite era names", contrary to "infinite era names" such as Christian era, Jimmu era, ''Juche'' era, and so on. Early use In ancient times, calendars were counted in terms of the number of years of the reign of the current monarch. Reckoning long periods of time required a king list. The oldest such reckoning is preserved in the Sumerian king list. Ancient Egyptian chronology was also dated using regnal years. The Zoroastrian calendar also operated with regnal years following the reform of Ardashir I in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamasien
Hamasien ( Tigrinya: ሓማሴን) ('' Ge'ez'' ሓማሴን) was a historical province including and surrounding Asmara, part of modern Eritrea. In 1996 the province was divided and distributed largely to the modern Maekel region, with smaller parts being distributed amongst the Debub, Northern Red Sea, Gash-Barka, and Anseba regions. Hamasien was located northwest of Akele Guzai and northeast of Seraye. Traditionally being the center of the Eritrean highlands, it is the locality of the city of Asmara (the capital of Eritrea). History Archaeological evidence shows that Hamasien had been an area of a flourishing pre-historic society known as the Ona Culture that existed since around 800 B.C. with its population density being one of the highest in Sub Saharan Africa. The earliest surviving appearance of the name "Hamasien" is believed to have been the region ḤMS²M, i.e. ḤMŠ, mentioned in a Sabaic inscription of the Aksumite king Ezana. Wolbert G. C. Smidt: "Ḥamase ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
