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Semantic Web Rule Language
The Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) is a proposed language for the Semantic Web that can be used to express rules as well as logic, combining OWL DL or OWL Lite with a subset of the Rule Markup Language (itself a subset of Datalog). The specification was submitted in May 2004 to the W3C by the National Research Council of Canada, Network Inference (since acquired by webMethods), and Stanford University in association with the Joint US/EU ad hoc Agent Markup Language Committee. The specification was based on an earlier proposal for an OWL rules language. SWRL has the full power of OWL DL, but at the price of decidability and practical implementations. However, decidability can be regained by restricting the form of admissible rules, typically by imposing a suitable safety condition. Rules are of the form of an implication between an antecedent (body) and consequent (head). The intended meaning can be read as: whenever the conditions specified in the antecedent hold, then th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forward Chaining
Forward chaining (or forward reasoning) is one of the two main methods of reasoning when using an inference engine and can be described logically as repeated application of '' modus ponens''. Forward chaining is a popular implementation strategy for expert systems, business and production rule systems. The opposite of forward chaining is backward chaining. Forward chaining starts with the available data and uses inference rules to extract more data (from an end user, for example) until a goal is reached. An inference engine using forward chaining searches the inference rules until it finds one where the antecedent (If clause) is known to be true. When such a rule is found, the engine can conclude, or infer, the consequent (Then clause), resulting in the addition of new information to its data. Inference engines will iterate through this process until a goal is reached. Example Suppose that the goal is to conclude the color of a pet named Fritz, given that he croaks and ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Business Intelligence 2
Business is the practice of making one's living or making money by producing or buying and selling products (such as goods and services). It is also "any activity or enterprise entered into for profit." Having a business name does not separate the business entity from the owner, which means that the owner of the business is responsible and liable for debts incurred by the business. If the business acquires debts, the creditors can go after the owner's personal possessions. A business structure does not allow for corporate tax rates. The proprietor is personally taxed on all income from the business. The term is also often used colloquially (but not by lawyers or by public officials) to refer to a company, such as a corporation or cooperative. Corporations, in contrast with sole proprietors and partnerships, are a separate legal entity and provide limited liability for their owners/members, as well as being subject to corporate tax rates. A corporation is more complicated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ontology (information Science)
In computer science and information science, an ontology encompasses a representation, formal naming, and definition of the categories, properties, and relations between the concepts, data, and entities that substantiate one, many, or all domains of discourse. More simply, an ontology is a way of showing the properties of a subject area and how they are related, by defining a set of concepts and categories that represent the subject. Every academic discipline or field creates ontologies to limit complexity and organize data into information and knowledge. Each uses ontological assumptions to frame explicit theories, research and applications. New ontologies may improve problem solving within that domain. Translating research papers within every field is a problem made easier when experts from different countries maintain a controlled vocabulary of jargon between each of their languages. For instance, the definition and ontology of economics is a primary concern in Marxist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semantic Grid
A semantic grid is an approach to grid computing in which information, computing resources and services are described using the semantic data model. In this model, the data and metadata are expressed through facts (small sentences), becoming directly understandable for humans. This makes it easier for resources to be discovered and combined automatically to create virtual organizations (VOs). The descriptions constitute metadata and are typically represented using the technologies of the Semantic Web, such as the Resource Description Framework (RDF). Like the Semantic Web, the semantic grid can be defined as "an extension of the current grid in which information and services are given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation." This notion of the semantic grid was first articulated in the context of e-Science, observing that such an approach is necessary to achieve a high degree of easy-to-use and seamless automation, enabling flexible c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horn Logic
Horn most often refers to: *Horn (acoustic), a conical or bell shaped aperture used to guide sound ** Horn (instrument), collective name for tube-shaped wind musical instruments *Horn (anatomy), a pointed, bony projection on the head of various animals, either the "true" horn, or other horn-like growths ** Horn, a colloquial reference to keratin, the substance that is the main component of the tissue that sheaths the bony core of horns and hoofs of various animals Horn may also refer to: Audio * Horn loudspeaker * Vehicle horn ** Train horn Personal name * Horn (surname) * Freyja, also known as ''Hörn'', a Norse goddess of love, beauty, fertility, war and death Places * Cape Horn, the southernmost point of South America * Horn of Africa, a peninsula in northeast Africa * Horn (district), a district of the state of Lower Austria in Austria ** Horn, Austria, a small town, capital of the Horn District * Horn, Germany, a municipality in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany * Horn, H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Description Logic Programs
Description is the pattern of narrative development that aims to make vivid a place, object, character, or group. Description is one of four rhetorical modes (also known as ''modes of discourse''), along with exposition, argumentation, and narration. In practice it would be difficult to write literature that drew on just one of the four basic modes. As a fiction-writing mode Fiction-writing also has modes: action, exposition, description, dialogue, summary, and transition. Author Peter Selgin refers to ''methods'', including action, dialogue, thoughts, summary, scenes, and description. Currently, there is no consensus within the writing community regarding the number and composition of fiction-writing modes and their uses. Description is the fiction-writing mode for transmitting a mental image of the particulars of a story. Together with dialogue, narration, exposition, and summarization, description is one of the most widely recognized of the fiction-writing modes. As st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triplestore
A triplestore or RDF store is a purpose-built database for the storage and retrieval of triples through semantic queries. A triple is a data entity composed of subject–predicate–object, like "Bob is 35" or "Bob knows Fred". Much like a relational database, information in a triplestore is stored and retrieved via a query language. Unlike a relational database, a triplestore is optimized for the storage and retrieval of triples. In addition to queries, triples can usually be imported and exported using Resource Description Framework (RDF) and other formats. Implementations Some triplestores have been built as database engines from scratch, while others have been built on top of existing commercial relational database engines (such as SQL-based) or NoSQL document-oriented database engines. Like the early development of online analytical processing (OLAP) databases, this intermediate approach allowed large and powerful database engines to be constructed for little programming ef ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Knowledge Graph
The Google Knowledge Graph is a knowledge base from which Google serves relevant information in an infobox beside its search results. This allows the user to see the answer in a glance. The data is generated automatically from a variety of sources, covering places, people, businesses, and more. The information covered by Google's Knowledge Graph grew quickly after launch, tripling its size within seven months (covering 570 million entities and 18 billion facts). By mid-2016, Google reported that it held 70 billion facts and answered "roughly one-third" of the 100 billion monthly searches they handled. By May 2020, this had grown to 500 billion facts on 5 billion entities. There is no official documentation of how the Google Knowledge Graph is implemented. According to Google, its information is retrieved from many sources, including the '' CIA World Factbook'' and Wikipedia. It is used to answer direct spoken questions in Google Assistant and Google Home voice queries. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
In-memory Database
An in-memory database (IMDB, or main memory database system (MMDB) or memory resident database) is a database management system that primarily relies on main memory for computer data storage. It is contrasted with database management systems that employ a disk storage mechanism. In-memory databases are faster than disk-optimized databases because disk access is slower than memory access and the internal optimization algorithms are simpler and execute fewer CPU instructions. Accessing data in memory eliminates seek time when querying the data, which provides faster and more predictable performance than disk. Applications where response time is critical, such as those running telecommunications network equipment and mobile advertising networks, often use main-memory databases. IMDBs have gained much traction, especially in the data analytics space, starting in the mid-2000s – mainly due to multi-core processors that can address large memory and due to less expensive RAM. A potent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
R2ML
The REWERSE Rule Markup Language (R2ML) is developed by thREWERSE Working Group I1for the purpose of rules interchange between different systems and tools. Scope * An XML based rule language; * Support for: integrity rules, derivation rules, production rules and reaction rules;{{citation needed, date=October 2019, reason=need an in-context explanation of the different types of repulse supported. I have removed the speculative wikilinks for now. * Integrate functional languages (such as OCL) with Datalog languages (such as SWRL); * Serialization and interchange of rules by specific software tools; * Integrating rule reasoning with actual server side technologies; * Deploying, publishing and communicating rules in a network. Design principles * Modeled using MDA; * Rule concepts defined with the help of MOF/UML; * Required to accommodate: ** Web naming concepts, such as URIs and XML namespaces; ** The ontological distinction between objects and data values; ** The datatype conce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
