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Security And Defense Pacts Of The European Union
, the European Union has signed security and defence pacts with eight countries: Albania, Canada, Japan, Moldova, North Macedonia, Norway, South Korea, and the United Kingdom. Rather than concluding treaties or alliances with external partners, the European Union's approach towards security and defence has mostly been focused towards what has proven to be a slow and gradual internal consolidation since the 1950s. For example, in the early Aftermath of World War II, post-war period, the Western Union (alliance), Western Union and the Treaty establishing the European Defence Community, European Defence Community both failed and were cannibalized by NATO. An initial impetus towards foreign policy coordination was brought about by the European Political Cooperation, which was replaced by the Common Foreign and Security Policy pillar in 1993. The European Security Strategy was launched in 2003, and was replaced by an updated European Union Global Strategy in 2016. The Treaty of Lisbon i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Union Global Strategy
The Global strategy for the foreign and security policy of the European Union, for short the European Union Global Strategy (EUGS), is the updated doctrine of the European Union The European Union (EU) is a supranational union, supranational political union, political and economic union of Member state of the European Union, member states that are Geography of the European Union, located primarily in Europe. The u ... to improve the effectiveness of the defence and security of the Union and its members states, the protection of civilians, cooperation between the member states' armed forces, management of immigration, crises etc. Adopted on 28 June 2016, it replaces the European Security Strategy of 2003. The EUGS is complemented by a document titled ''Implementation Plan on Security and Defense'' (IPSD). The concept of strategic autonomy forms part of the European Union Global Strategy. It refers to the ability of the European Union to defend Europe and act militarily ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reuters
Reuters ( ) is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters. It employs around 2,500 journalists and 600 photojournalists in about 200 locations worldwide writing in 16 languages. Reuters is one of the largest news agencies in the world. The agency was established in London in 1851 by Paul Reuter. The Thomson Corporation of Canada acquired the agency in a 2008 corporate merger, resulting in the formation of the Thomson Reuters Corporation. In December 2024, Reuters was ranked as the 27th most visited news site in the world, with over 105 million monthly readers. History 19th century Paul Julius Reuter worked at a book-publishing firm in Berlin and was involved in distributing radical pamphlets at the beginning of the Revolutions of 1848. These publications brought much attention to Reuter, who in 1850 developed a prototype news service in Aachen using homing pigeons and electric telegraphy from 1851 on, in order to transmit messages between Brussels and Aachen, in what today is Aa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Invasion Of Ukraine
On 24 February 2022, , starting the largest and deadliest war in Europe since World War II, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, conflict between the two countries which began in 2014. The fighting has caused hundreds of thousands of Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War, military casualties and tens of thousands of Ukrainian Attacks on civilians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine, civilian casualties. As of 2025, Russian troops Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine, occupy about 20% of Ukraine. From a population of 41 million, about 8 million Ukrainians had been internally displaced and more than 8.2 million Ukrainian refugee crisis, had fled the country by April 2023, creating Europe's List of largest refugee crises, largest refugee crisis since World War II. In late 2021, Russia Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, massed troops near Ukraine's borders and December 2021 Russian ultimatum to NATO, issued demands to the Western world, West i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Army
A European army is a hypothetical army of the European Union that would supersede the Common Security and Defence Policy and would go beyond the proposed European Defence Union. Since no such unified army is currently established, defence is a matter for the member states individually. The member states are, however, bound by several obligations arising from international treaties, and they conduct several multinational initiatives. Defense obligations According to current Treaty on European Union Article 42(7): If a Member State is the victim of armed aggression on its territory, the other Member States shall have towards it an obligation of aid and assistance by all the means in their power, in accordance with Article 51 of the United Nations Charter. This shall not prejudice the specific character of the security and defence policy of certain Member States. ... According to the legal opinion prepared for the European Parliament, such obligation is stronger than NATO Arti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Directorate-General For Defence Industry And Space
The Directorate-General for Defence Industry and Space (DG DEFIS) is a department of the European Commission. It is under the control of the Commissioner for DEFIS, who is as of the Second von der Leyen Commission, Andrius Kubilius. As of June 2025, the Director-General of DEFIS was Timo Pesonen. Tasks The directorate, established in 2019 under the von der Leyen Commission and currently under the direction of Timo Pesonen, leads the European Commission's activities in the Defence Industry and Space sector. Some of its tasks were transferred from the Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs (DG GROW). In the area of Defence Industry, DEFIS is in charge of upholding the competitiveness and innovation of the European Defence industry by ensuring the evolution of an able European defence technological and industrial base. In the area of Space DG DEFIS is in charge of implementing the EU Space programme consisting of the European Earth Observati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Planning And Conduct Capability
The Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC) is a permanent operational headquarters (OHQ) at the military strategic level for military operations of up to 2,500 troops (i.e. the size of one battle group) deployed as part of the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) of the European Union (EU) by the end of 2020. Since its inception in 2017, the MPCC has commanded three non-executive training missions in Somalia, Mali and the Central African Republic, and will organise the training of Ukrainian forces on EU soil. The MPCC is part of the EU Military Staff (EUMS), a directorate-general of the European External Action Service (EEAS). The director general of the EUMS also serves as director of the MPCC - exercising command and control over the operations. Through the Joint Support Coordination Cell (JSCC), the MPCC cooperates with its civilian counterpart, the Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability (CPCC). The MPCC is situated in the Kortenberg building in Brussel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Defence Fund
The European Defence Fund (EDF) is a component of the European Union's (EU) Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) which aims to coordinate and increase national investment in defence research and improve interoperability between national armed forces. It was proposed in 2016 by Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker and established in 2017. The fund has two stands: Research (€90 million until the end of 2019 and €500 million per year after 2020) and Development & Acquisition (€500 million in total for 2019-20 then €1 billion per year after 2020). In July 2018, the European Commission announced that the EDF budget for 2021-2027 would be €13 billion. This sum was later revised by the European Commission as part of the new EU budget proposed on May 27, 2020, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, according to which the EDF will be allocated €8 billion over this budget period. Aim The European Commission co-finances joint defence industrial projects and supports colla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coordinated Annual Review On Defence
The Coordinated Annual Review on Defence (CARD) is a process of monitoring the defence plans of European Union (EU) member states to help coordinate spending and identify possible collaborative projects. It has operated on a test basis since 2017 under the European Defence Agency (EDA), in cooperation with the European External Action Service (EEAS). After a first trial run in 2017/2018, the first full implementation of CARD was launched in autumn 2019 and completed in November 2020 with a final report submitted to Defence Ministers meeting in EDA’s Steering Board.Coordinated Annual Review on Defence (CARD) European Defence Agency Together with |
Permanent Structured Cooperation
The Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) is the part of the European Union (EU) its security and defence policy (CSDP) in which 26 of the 27 national armed forces pursue structural integration (the exception being Malta). Based on Article 42(6) and Protocol 10 of the Treaty on the European Union, introduced by the Treaty of Lisbon in 2009, PESCO was initiated in 2017.Permanent Structured Cooperation on defence could be launched by end 2017 European External Action Service, 8 September 2017 The integration into PESCO is through projects which launched in 2018. Together with the [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2016 United States Presidential Election
United States presidential election, Presidential elections were held in the United States on November 8, 2016. The Republican Party (United States), Republican ticket of businessman Donald Trump and Indiana Governor, Indiana governor Mike Pence defeated the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic ticket of former United States Secretary of State, secretary of state Hillary Clinton and Virginia junior senator Tim Kaine, in what was considered one of the biggest political Upset (competition), upsets in American history. It was the fifth and most recent presidential election in which the List of United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote, winning candidate lost the popular vote. Incumbent Democratic president Barack Obama was ineligible to pursue a third term due to the term limits established by the Twenty-second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Clinton secured the nomination over U.S. senator Bernie Sanders in 2016 Democratic Party ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brexit
Brexit (, a portmanteau of "Britain" and "Exit") was the Withdrawal from the European Union, withdrawal of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU). Brexit officially took place at 23:00 GMT on 31 January 2020 (00:00 1 February 2020 Central European Time, CET). The UK, which joined the EU's precursors the European Communities (EC) on 1 January 1973, is the only member state to have withdrawn from the EU, although the territories of Greenland (part of the Kingdom of Denmark) previously left the EC in 1985 and Algeria (formerly French Algeria, part of France) left in 1976. Following Brexit, EU law and the Court of Justice of the European Union no longer have Primacy of European Union law, primacy over British laws but the UK remains legally bound by obligations in the various treaties it has with other countries around the world, including many with EU member states and indeed with the EU itself. The European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 retains relevant EU law as La ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
