|
Section (bookbinding)
In bookbinding, a section, gathering, or signature is a group of sheets folded in half, to be worked into the binding as a unit. The section is the basic building block of codex bindings. In Western bookbinding, sections are sewn through their folds, with the sewing thread securing each section to the one bound before it. The gatherings can be seen by looking at the top or bottom sides of the book, though cheaper modern books are perfect bound with no gatherings, each sheet glued directly to the binding. The gatherings are sewn together at the spine, done in such a way that two or more stretches of thread are visible along each gathering's innermost fold. In medieval manuscripts, a gathering, or quire, was most often formed of four folded sheets of vellum or parchment, i.e. 8 leaves, 16 sides. The term ''quaternion'' (or sometimes ''quaternum'') designates such a unit. A gathering made of a single folded sheet (i.e. two leaves, four sides) is a ''bifolium'' (plural ''bifolia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coptic Flat
Coptic may refer to: Afro-Asia * Copts, an ethnoreligious group mainly in the area of modern Egypt but also in Sudan and Libya * Coptic language, a Northern Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Egypt until at least the 17th century * Coptic script, the script used for writing the Coptic language, encoded in Unicode as: ** Greek and Coptic (Unicode block), a block of Unicode characters for writing the Coptic language, from which Coptic was disunified in Unicode 4.1 ** Coptic (Unicode block), a block of Unicode characters for writing the Coptic language, introduced in Unicode 4.1 ** Coptic Epact Numbers, a block of Unicode characters for writing Coptic numerals * Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria or Coptic Church, the largest Christian church in Egypt and the Middle East * Coptic Catholic Church, an Alexandrian Rite particular Church * Coptic architecture, the architecture of the Copts * Coptic binding or Coptic sewing, methods of bookbinding employed by early Christians in Egypt Other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bookbinding
Bookbinding is the process of building a book, usually in codex format, from an ordered stack of paper sheets with one's hands and tools, or in modern publishing, by a series of automated processes. Firstly, one binds the sheets of papers along an edge with a thick needle and strong thread. One can also use loose-leaf rings, binding posts, twin-loop spine coils, plastic spiral coils, and plastic spine combs, but they last for a shorter time. Next, one encloses the bound stack of paper in a cover. Finally, one places an attractive cover onto the boards, and features the publisher's information and artistic decorations. The trade of bookbinding includes the binding of blank books and printed books. Blank books, or stationery bindings, are books planned to be written in. These include accounting ledgers, guestbooks, logbooks, notebooks, manifold books, day books, diary, diaries, and sketchbooks. Printed books are produced through letterpress printing, offset printing, offset litho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perfect Bound
Bookbinding is the process of building a book, usually in codex format, from an ordered stack of paper sheets with one's hands and tools, or in modern publishing, by a series of automated processes. Firstly, one binds the sheets of papers along an edge with a thick needle and strong thread. One can also use loose-leaf rings, binding posts, twin-loop spine coils, plastic spiral coils, and plastic spine combs, but they last for a shorter time. Next, one encloses the bound stack of paper in a cover. Finally, one places an attractive cover onto the boards, and features the publisher's information and artistic decorations. The trade of bookbinding includes the binding of blank books and printed books. Blank books, or stationery bindings, are books planned to be written in. These include accounting ledgers, guestbooks, logbooks, notebooks, manifold books, day books, diaries, and sketchbooks. Printed books are produced through letterpress printing, offset lithography, or other printi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vellum
Vellum is prepared animal skin or membrane, typically used as writing material. It is often distinguished from parchment, either by being made from calfskin (rather than the skin of other animals), or simply by being of a higher quality. Vellum is prepared for writing and printing on single pages, scrolls, and codex, codices (books). Modern scholars and experts often prefer to use the broader term "membrane", which avoids the need to draw a distinction between vellum and parchment. It may be very hard to determine the animal species involved (let alone its age) without detailed scientific analysis. Vellum is generally smooth and durable, but there are great variations in its texture which are affected by the way it is made and the quality of the skin. The making involves the cleaning, bleaching, stretching on a frame (a "herse"), and scraping of the skin with a crescent-shaped knife (a "lunarium" or "lunellum"). To create tension, the process goes back and forth between scrapi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parchment
Parchment is a writing material made from specially prepared Tanning (leather), untanned skins of animals—primarily sheep, calves and goats. It has been used as a writing medium in West Asia and Europe for more than two millennia. By AD 400 most literature in these regions that was intended for preservation began to be transferred from papyrus to parchment. ''Vellum'' is a finer-quality parchment made from the skins of young animals such as lambs and young calves. The generic term ''animal membrane'' is sometimes used by libraries and museums that wish to avoid distinguishing between parchment and vellum. Parchment and vellum Today the term ''parchment'' is often used in non-technical contexts to refer to any animal skin, particularly goat, sheep or cow, that has been scraped or dried under tension. The term originally referred only to the skin of sheep and, occasionally, goats. The equivalent material made from calfskin, which was of finer quality, was known as ''vellum'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Section (typography)
In books and documents, a section is a subdivision, especially of a chapter. In fiction, sections often represent scenes, and accordingly the space separating them is sometimes also called a scene break. Scene breaks represent gaps in story time that do not correspond to discourse time, and thus reveal the story-discourse distinction. Section form and numbering Some documents, especially legal documents, may have numbered sections, such as ''Section Two of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms'' or '' Internal Revenue Code section 183''. Section identifiers may have both uppercase and lowercase letters. The dotted- decimal section-numbering scheme commonly used in scientific and technical documents is defined by International Standard ISO 2145. Flourished section breaks The tag may be used in semantic HTML to mark part of a webpage as a section. See also * Asterism * Dinkus * Fleuron (typography) * Section sign * Section (bookbinding) * Paragraph * Paragraphos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Signature Mark
A signature mark, in traditional bookbinding, is a letter, number or combination of either or both, which is printed at the bottom of the first page, or leaf, of a section. The section is itself referred to as a signature, also called collation or gathering. The aim is to ensure that the binder can order the pages and sections in the correct order. Often the letters of the Latin alphabet were used. The practice has been superseded by advances in printing and bookbinding technology. As a result, signature marks are rarely found in modern books. Contemporary use of signature marks A number of symbols traditionally used as binding signature marks were encoded in ISO 5426-2 and from there (to enable migration of data from the old standard) were transposed into Unicode. * 0x32 was re-encoded with * 0x34 , with * 0x36 , with (also known as "hedera" and "ivy leaf") * 0x37 , with was added later. These latter two are the only codepoint A code point, codepoint or code posit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Units Of Paper Quantity
Various measures of paper quantity have been and are in use. Although there are no S.I. units such as quires or bales, there are ISO''ISO 4046-3:2002 Paper, board, pulps and related terms – Vocabulary – Part 3: Paper-making terminology'' (2002), quoted in ''ISO 22414:2004(E) Paper – Cut-size office paper – Measurement of edge quality'' (2004) Geneva:ISO. and DIN''Papier und Pappe: DIN 6730:2011-02: Begriffe'' (''Paper and board: vocabulary'') (2011) (in German). Berlin: Beuth Verlag. standards for the ream. Expressions used here include U.S. Customary Units. Units ; Writing paper measurements : 25 sheets = 1 quire : 500 sheets = 20 quires = 1 ream : 1,000 sheets = 40 quires = 2 reams = 1 bundle : 5,000 sheets = 200 quires = 10 reams = 5 bundles = 1 bale : 200,000 sheets = 8,000 quires = 400 reams = 200 bundles = 40 bales = 1 pallet ; 'Short' paper measurements : 24 sheets = 1 'short' quire : 480 sheets = 20 'short' quires = 1 'short' ream : 960 sheets = 40 'short' quir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Book Size
The size of a book is generally measured by the height against the width of a leaf, or sometimes the height and width of its cover. A series of terms is commonly used by libraries and publishers for the general sizes of modern books, ranging from ''folio'' (the largest), to ''quarto'' (smaller) and ''octavo'' (still smaller). Historically, these terms referred to the format of the book, a technical term used by printers and Bibliography, bibliographers to indicate the size of a leaf in terms of the size of the original sheet. For example, a quarto (from Latin ''quartō'', ablative form of ''quartus'', fourth) historically was a book printed on sheets of paper folded in half twice, with the first fold at right angles to the second, to produce 4 leaves (or 8 pages), each leaf one fourth the size of the original sheet printed – note that a ''leaf'' refers to the single piece of paper, whereas a ''page'' is one side of a leaf. Because the actual format of many modern books cannot be d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Octavo
Octavo, a Latin word meaning "in eighth" or "for the eighth time", (abbreviated 8vo, 8º, or In-8) is a technical term describing the format of a book, which refers to the size of leaves produced from folding a full sheet of paper on which multiple pages of text were printed to form the individual sections (or ''gatherings'') of a book. An octavo is a book or pamphlet made up of one or more full sheets (e.g. of A2 paper) on which 16 pages of text were printed, which were then folded three times to produce eight leaves. Each leaf of an octavo book thus represents one eighth the size of the original sheet. Other common book formats are folios and quartos. ''Octavo'' is also used as a general description of the ''size'' of books that are about tall (almost A4 paper size), and as such does not necessarily indicate the actual printing format of the books, which may even be unknown as is the case for many modern books. These terms are discussed in greater detail in book sizes. F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imposition
Imposition is one of the fundamental steps in the prepress printing process. It consists of the arrangement of the printed product's pages on the printer's sheet, in order to obtain faster printing, simplify binding and reduce paper waste. Correct imposition minimizes printing time by maximizing the number of pages per impression, reducing cost of press time and materials. To achieve this, the printed sheet must be filled as fully as possible. Task The arrangement of pages on the printer's sheet is affected by five different parameters: * Format of the product: The size of the finished page determines how many pages can be printed on a single sheet. * Number of pages of the printed product: The compositor must determine how many sheets are to be printed to create a finished book. * Stitching/binding method: The compositor must understand how the sheets are placed to form the signatures that compose the finished book. * Paper fiber direction: Many papers have a "grain," refle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
