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Sebastián Fernández De Medrano
Sebastián Fernández de Medrano (24 October 1646 – 18 February 1705) was a Spanish military leader, Military engineering, engineer, polymath, and scholar who served as the president and sole director of the Royal Military and Mathematics Academy of Brussels, considered the first modern military academy in Europe. Active during the reign of Charles II of Spain and briefly Philip V of Spain, Philip V, Medrano held numerous titles throughout his career, including Royal Master of Mathematics in the States of Flanders, General Prefect to the King, Captain and ''Maestre de campo, Maestre de Campo'' of the Spanish ''Tercio'', General of Artillery, Chief Artillery Engineer of the Kingdom, geographer, Cartography, cartographer, inventor, author, and military architect. He played a foundational role in the development of Spanish military science and Military education and training, education during the late 17th century. He is best known for founding and directing the Royal Military and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Army
The Spanish Army () is the terrestrial army of the Spanish Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. It is one of the oldest Standing army, active armies – dating back to the late 15th century. The Spanish Army has existed continuously since the reign of Ferdinand II of Aragon, King Ferdinand and Isabella I of Castile, Queen Isabella (late 15th century). The oldest and largest of the three services, its mission was the defence of Peninsular Spain, the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands, Melilla, Ceuta and the Spanish islands and rocks off the northern coast of Africa. History During the 16th century, Habsburg Spain saw steady growth in its military power. The Italian Wars (1494–1559) resulted in an ultimate Spanish victory and hegemony in northern Italy by expelling the French. During the war, the Spanish Army transformed its organization and tactics, evolving from a primarily Pike (weapon), pike and halberd wielding force into the first pike and shot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geographer
A geographer is a physical scientist, social scientist or humanist whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth's natural environment and human society, including how society and nature interacts. The Greek prefix "geo" means "earth" and the Greek suffix, "graphy", meaning "description", so a geographer is someone who studies the earth. The word "geography" is a Middle French word that is believed to have been first used in 1540. Although geographers are historically known as people who make maps, map making is actually the field of study of cartography, a subset of geography. Geographers do not study only the details of the natural environment or human society, but they also study the reciprocal relationship between these two. For example, they study how the natural environment contributes to human society and how human society affects the natural environment. In particular, physical geographers study the natural environment while human geographers study human society ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Netherlands
The Spanish Netherlands (; ; ; ) (historically in Spanish: , the name "Flanders" was used as a '' pars pro toto'') was the Habsburg Netherlands ruled by the Spanish branch of the Habsburgs from 1556 to 1714. They were a collection of States of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries held in personal union by the Spanish Crown. This region comprised most of the modern states of Belgium and Luxembourg, as well as parts of northern France, the southern Netherlands, and western Germany, with the capital being Brussels. The Army of Flanders was given the task of defending the territory. The Imperial fiefs of the former Burgundian Netherlands had been inherited by the Austrian House of Habsburg from the extinct House of Valois-Burgundy upon the death of Mary of Burgundy in 1482. The Seventeen Provinces formed the core of the Habsburg Netherlands, which passed to the Spanish Habsburgs upon the abdication of Emperor Charles V in 1556. When part of the Netherlands separated to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holy Roman Emperor
The Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans (other), Emperor of the Romans (; ) during the Middle Ages, and also known as the Roman-German Emperor since the early modern period (; ), was the ruler and head of state of the Holy Roman Empire. The title was held in conjunction with the title of King of Italy#Kingdom of Italy (781–962), King of Italy (''Rex Italiae'') from the 8th to the 16th century, and, almost without interruption, with the title of King of Germany (''Rex Teutonicorum'', ) throughout the 12th to 18th centuries. The Holy Roman Emperor title provided the highest prestige among Christianity in the Middle Ages, medieval Catholic monarchs, because the empire was considered by the Catholic Church to be Translatio imperii, the only successor of the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages and the early modern period. Thus, in theory and diplomacy, the emperors were considered first among equalsamong other Catholic monarchs across E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monarchy Of Spain
The monarchy of Spain or Spanish monarchy () is the constitutional form of government of Spain. It consists of a hereditary monarch who reigns as the head of state, being the highest office of the country. The Spanish monarchy is constitutionally referred to as The Crown (), and it comprises the reigning monarch, currently King Felipe VI, their family, and the Royal Household, which supports and facilitates the sovereign in the exercise of his duties and prerogatives. The royal family is currently represented by King Felipe VI, Queen Letizia, their daughters Leonor, Princess of Asturias, and Infanta Sofía, and the king's parents, King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sofía. The Spanish Constitution of 1978 re-established a constitutional monarchy as the form of government for Spain after the end of the dictatorship of Francisco Franco and the restoration of democracy in 1977. The 1978 constitution affirmed the role of the King of Spain as the living personification an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles VI (; ; 1 October 1685 – 20 October 1740) was Holy Roman Emperor and ruler of the Austrian Habsburg monarchy from 1711 until his death, succeeding his elder brother, Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor, Joseph I. He unsuccessfully War of the Spanish Succession, claimed the throne of Spain following the death of his relative, Charles II of Spain, Charles II. In 1708, he married Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, by whom he had his four children: Archduke Leopold Johann of Austria, Leopold Johann (who died in infancy), Maria Theresa, Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (governor), Maria Anna (Governess of the Austrian Netherlands), and Maria Amalia (who also died in infancy). Four years before the birth of Maria Theresa, faced with his lack of male heirs, Charles provided for a male-line succession failure with the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713. The Emperor favoured his own daughters over those of his elder brother and predecessor, Joseph I, in the succession, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madrid
Madrid ( ; ) is the capital and List of largest cities in Spain, most populous municipality of Spain. It has almost 3.5 million inhabitants and a Madrid metropolitan area, metropolitan area population of approximately 7 million. It is the Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits, second-largest city in the European Union (EU), and its wikt:monocentric, monocentric Madrid metropolitan area, metropolitan area is the List of metropolitan areas in Europe by population, second-largest in the EU.United Nations Department of Economic and Social AffairWorld Urbanization Prospects (2007 revision), (United Nations, 2008), Table A.12. Data for 2007. The municipality covers geographical area. Madrid lies on the Manzanares (river), River Manzanares in the central part of the Iberian Peninsula at about above mean sea level. The capital city of both Spain and the surrounding Community of Madrid, autonomous community of Madrid (since 1983), it is also th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramiro I Of Asturias
Ramiro I ( – 1 February 850) was king of Asturias from 842 until his death in 850. Son of King Bermudo I, he became king following a succession struggle after his predecessor, Alfonso II, died without children. During his turbulent reign, he fended off attacks from both Vikings and the forces of al-Andalus. Architecturally, his recreational palace Santa María del Naranco and other buildings used the '' ramirense'' style that prefigured Romanesque architecture. He was a contemporary of Abd ar-Rahman II, Umayyad Emir of Córdoba. Reign Gaining the throne The death of King Alfonso II brought about a succession crisis in the Kingdom of Asturias. According to the '' Chronicle of Alfonso III'', credited to Ramiro's grandson, the childless Alfonso II chose as his successor Ramiro, his distant kinsman and son of Alfonso's predecessor Bermudo I. At the time of King Alfonso's death, Ramiro was outside of Asturias in Castile (or '' Bardulia'' according to the '' Chronicle of Alfons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
República Mista
''República Mista'' (English language, English: Mixed Republic) is a seven-part politics-related treatise from the Spanish Golden Age, authored by the Basque-Castilian nobleman, philosopher and statesman Tomás Fernández de Medrano, Lord of Valdeosera, of which only the first part was ever printed. Originally published in Madrid in 1602 pursuant to a Decree, royal decree from King Philip III of Spain, dated 25 September 1601, the work was written in Early Modern Spanish, early modern Spanish and Latin, and explores a Doctrine, doctrinal framework of governance rooted in a mixed political model that combines elements of monarchy, aristocracy, and timocracy. Structured as the first volume in a planned series of seven, the treatise examines three foundational precepts of governance, religion, obedience, and justice, rooted in ancient Roman philosophy and their application to contemporary governance. Within the mirrors for princes genre, Medrano emphasizes the moral and Spirituality ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tomás Fernández De Medrano
Tomás Fernández de Medrano (16th century — 1616) was a high ranking Spanish nobility, Spanish nobleman from Entrena, and a prominent Adviser, advisor, Politician, statesman, diplomat and courtier of Philip II of Spain, Philip II and Philip III of Spain. He also served as a counselor and Secretary of State and War for Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy, and Catalina Micaela of Spain, Princess Catherine Micaela of Spain. Later, he served in the same capacity for the Princes of Savoy. Medrano was appointed Mayor, Divisero, Chief Magistrate and Lord of Valdeosera in San Román de Cameros, along with the ''divisa'' of Regajal. He was also a Knight in the Sovereign Knights Hospitaller, Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, manager for the Grand Prior of Castilla San Juan, and The Most Reverend Master and Patronage, Patron of the convent of Saint John of Acre in Añana, Salinas de Añana. In addition to his other roles, Medrano was the Secretary of the Holy Chapters and Assemblies of Cas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diego De Medrano
Diego Fernández de Medrano (Hinojosa del Campo, 1545 – 1588) was a nobleman from the House of Medrano in the Kingdom of Castile, a knight of the Order of Santiago, and a prominent Spanish Navy, naval captain (naval), commander of the late 16th century. He played a significant role in several key military campaigns, including the battles of Cyprus, Battle of Lepanto, Lepanto, Navarino Island, Navarino, and Tunis, as well as other expeditions in Italy and Barbary Coast, Barbary. Captain Diego de Medrano served as the Squadron General of four Kingdom of Naples, Neapolitan galleys while commanding the ''Fortuna de Napoli'' galley at the famous Battle of Lepanto in 1571. Diego de Medrano fought in the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean for twenty years before he was appointed commander of twelve galleys that joined Álvaro de Bazán, Marquis of Santa Cruz, Álvaro de Bazán, Marquess of Santa Cruz in the 1583 expedition to Battle of Vila Franca do Campo, Terceira. As a Squadron General ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medrano
Medrano is a Spanish surname of Basque language, Basque origin that means "abundance, to grow, to prosper, or to improve." It is a surname of high nobility established in the old Kingdoms of Kingdom of Navarre, Navarre, Kingdom of Aragon, Aragon, kingdom of Castile, Castile, Kingdom of France, France, etc. They are all descendants of their progenitor, Prince Palace of Vélaz de Medrano#Progenitor, Andrés Vélaz de Medrano.Caro Baroja, Julio. ''Etnografía Histórica de Navarra''. Vol. 2. Editorial Aranzadi, 1972, pp. 380–381 https://www.fundacioncajanavarra.es/cultura-y-educacion/archivo/etnografia-historica-de-navarra-volumen-II.pdf Medrano may refer to: People Notable people with the surname include: Medieval and early modern nobility * María Ramírez de Medrano, Lady of Fuenmayor, wealthy noblewoman in the 12th century, founder of the Commandery, hospital and convent of San Juan de Acre in Navarrete to protect pilgrims on the Camino de Santiago, donated some of her lands ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
