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Sea Pen
Sea pens are marine cnidarians belonging to the superfamily Pennatuloidea, which are colony-forming benthic filter feeders within the order Scleralcyonacea. There are 14 families within the order and 35 extant genera, and it is estimated as of 2011 that, of 450 described species, around 200 are valid. Sea pens have a cosmopolitan distribution, being found in tropical and temperate waters worldwide, from intertidal shallow waters to deep seas of more than . The earliest accepted sea pen fossils are known from the Cambrian-aged Burgess Shale ('' Thaumaptilon''). Similar fossils from the Ediacaran may show the dawn of sea pens. Precisely what these early fossils are, however, is not decided. Taxonomy The superfamily Pennatulacea consists of the following families: * Anthoptilidae * Balticinidae * Chunellidae * Echinoptilidae * Funiculinidae * Gyrophyllidae * Kophobelemnidae * Pennatulidae * Protoptilidae * Pseudumbelludlidae * Renillidae * Scleroptilidae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ernst Haeckel
Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel (; ; 16 February 1834 – 9 August 1919) was a German zoologist, natural history, naturalist, eugenics, eugenicist, Philosophy, philosopher, physician, professor, marine biology, marine biologist and artist. He discovered, described and named thousands of new species, mapped a genealogical tree relating all life forms and coined many terms in biology, including ''ecology'', ''phylum'', ''phylogeny'', ontogeny, and ''Protista.'' Haeckel promoted and popularised Charles Darwin's work in Germany and developed the debunked but influential recapitulation theory ("ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny"), wrongly claiming that an individual organism's biological development, or ontogeny, parallels and summarizes its species' evolutionary development, or phylogeny, using incorrectly drawn images of human embryonic development. Whether they were intentionally falsified, or drawn poorly by accident is a matter of debate. The published artwork of Haeckel in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deep Sea
The deep sea is broadly defined as the ocean depth where light begins to fade, at an approximate depth of or the point of transition from continental shelves to continental slopes. Conditions within the deep sea are a combination of low temperatures, darkness, and high pressure. The deep sea is considered the least explored Earth biome as the extreme conditions make the environment difficult to access and explore. Organisms living within the deep sea have a variety of adaptations to survive in these conditions. Organisms can survive in the deep sea through a number of feeding methods including scavenging, predation and filtration, with a number of organisms surviving by feeding on marine snow. Marine snow is organic material that has fallen from upper waters into the deep sea. In 1960, the bathyscaphe ''Trieste'' descended to the bottom of the Mariana Trench near Guam, at , the deepest known spot in any ocean. If Mount Everest () were submerged there, its peak would be more ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pennatulidae
Pennatulidae is a family of sea pens, a member of the subclass Octocorallia in the phylum Cnidaria. Genera The World Register of Marine Species lists the following genera Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...: *'' Crassophyllum'' Tixier-Durivault, 1961 *'' Graphularia'' *'' Gyrophyllum'' Studer, 1891 *'' Pennatula'' Linnaeus, 1758 *'' Pteroeides'' Herklots, 1858 *'' Ptilosarcus'' Verrill, 1865 *'' Sarcoptilus'' Gray, 1848 See also *'' Ptilosarcus gurneyi'' ("orange sea pen") References Pennatulacea Cnidarian families Taxa named by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg {{Octocorallia-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kophobelemnidae
Kophobelemnidae is a family of corals Corals are colonial marine invertebrates within the subphylum Anthozoa of the phylum Cnidaria. They typically form compact Colony (biology), colonies of many identical individual polyp (zoology), polyps. Coral species include the important Coral ... belonging to the order Pennatulacea. Genera: * '' Kophobelemnon'' Asbjørnsen, 1856 * '' Malacobelemnon'' Tixier-Durivault, 1965 * '' Sclerobelemnon'' Kölliker, 1872 References Pennatulacea Cnidarian families {{Octocorallia-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Funiculinidae
''Funiculina'' is a genus of sea pen Sea pens are marine cnidarians belonging to the superfamily Pennatuloidea, which are colony-forming benthic filter feeders within the order Scleralcyonacea. There are 14 families within the order and 35 extant genera, and it is estimated a ...s. It is the only genus in the family Funiculinidae. It contains three species: *'' Funiculina armata'' Verrill, 1879 *'' Funiculina parkeri'' Kükenthal, 1909 *'' Funiculina quadrangularis'' (Pallas, 1766) References Funiculinidae Octocorallia genera Bioluminescent cnidarians {{octocorallia-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinoptilidae
Echinoptilidae is a family of sea pens, a member of the subclass Octocorallia in the phylum Cnidaria. Characteristics Colonies are cylindrical without axis, and the rachis is generally longer than the peduncle. The colony may be radially or bilaterally symmetrical. Autozooids have non-retractile, bifurcated calyces with many sclerites.The Pennatulacea of Southern Africa (Coelentrata, Anthozoa), Annals of the South African Museum Volume 99 May 1990 part 4, Cape Town. Distribution Indo-West Pacific to south western Africa in shallow sublittoral to over 800m depth. Genera The World Register of Marine Species list the following genera Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...:van Ofwegen, L. (2012). Echinoptilidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chunellidae
Chunellidae is a family of sea pens, a member of the subclass Octocorallia in the phylum Cnidaria. Genera The World Register of Marine Species list the following genera Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...: *'' Amphiacme'' Kükenthal, 1903 *'' Chunella'' Kükenthal, 1902 *'' Porcupinella'' López-González & Williams, 2011 References Pennatulacea Cnidarian families {{Octocorallia-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthoptilidae
Anthoptilidae is a family of sea pen Sea pens are marine cnidarians belonging to the superfamily Pennatuloidea, which are colony-forming benthic filter feeders within the order Scleralcyonacea. There are 14 families within the order and 35 extant genera, and it is estimated a ...s belonging to the suborder Sessiliflorae. Genera: * '' Anthoptilum'' Kölliker, 1880 * '' Benthoptillum'' Verrill, 1885 References Pennatulacea Cnidarian families {{Octocorallia-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charnia
''Charnia'' is an extinct genus of frond-like lifeforms belonging to the Ediacaran biota with segmented, leaf-like ridges branching alternately to the right and left from a zig-zag medial suture (thus exhibiting glide reflection, or opposite isometry). The genus ''Charnia'' was named after Charnwood Forest in Leicestershire, England, where the first fossilised specimen was found; the species was named after Roger Mason, a schoolboy who was believed to have initially discovered it. ''Charnia'' is significant because it was the first Precambrian fossil to be recognized as such. The living organism grew on the sea floor, 570 to 550 million years ago, and is believed to have fed on nutrients in the water. Despite ''Charnia'' fern-like appearance, it is not a photosynthetic plant or alga because the nature of the fossil beds where specimens have been found implies that it originally lived in deep water, well below the photic zone where photosynthesis can occur. Diversity Severa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ediacaran
The Ediacaran ( ) is a geological period of the Neoproterozoic geologic era, Era that spans 96 million years from the end of the Cryogenian Period at 635 Million years ago, Mya to the beginning of the Cambrian Period at 538.8 Mya. It is the last period of the Proterozoic geologic eon, Eon as well as the last of the so-called "Precambrian supereon", before the beginning of the subsequent Cambrian Period marks the start of the Phanerozoic Eon, where recognizable fossil evidence of life becomes common. The Ediacaran Period is named after the Ediacara Hills of South Australia, where trace fossils of a diverse community of previously unrecognized lifeforms (later named the Ediacaran biota) were first discovered by geologist Reg Sprigg in 1946. Its status as an official geological period was ratified in 2004 by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS), making it the first new geological period declared in 120 years. Although the period took namesake from the Ediacara Hills ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
