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Saṅkhāra
(Pali; संखार; Sanskrit: संस्कार or ) is a term figuring prominently in Buddhism. The word means 'formations' or 'that which has been put together' and 'that which puts together'. In the first (passive) sense, ' refers to conditioned phenomena generally but specifically to all mental "dispositions". These are called 'volitional formations' both because they are formed as a result of volition and because they are causes for the arising of future volitional actions. English translations for ' in the first sense of the word include 'conditioned things,' 'determinations,'According to Bodhi (2000), p. 44, 'determinations' was used by Ven. in his Majjhima Nikaya manuscripts that ultimately were edited by Bodhi. (In the published volume, Bodhi changed 's word choice to "formations.") 'fabrications'See, for instanceThanissaro (1997b)./ref> and 'formations' (or, particularly when referring to mental processes, 'volitional formations'). In the second (active) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karma In Buddhism
Karma (Sanskrit: कर्म, Pāli: ''kamma'') is a Sanskrit term that literally means "action" or "doing". In the Buddhist tradition, ''karma'' refers to action driven by intention ('' cetanā'') which leads to future consequences. Those intentions are considered to be the determining factor in the kind of rebirth in '' samsara'', the cycle of rebirth. Etymology ''Karma'' (Sanskrit, also ''karman'', Pāli: ''kamma'', Tib. ''las'') is a Sanskrit term that literally means "action" or "doing". The word ''karma'' derives from the verbal root ''kṛ'', which means "do, make, perform, accomplish." ''Karmaphala'' (Tib. ''rgyu 'bras'') is the "fruit", "effect" or "result" of ''karma''. A similar term is ''karmavipaka'', the "maturation" or "cooking" of ''karma'': The metaphor is derived from agriculture: Buddhist understanding of ''karma'' ''Karma'' and ''karmaphala'' are fundamental concepts in Buddhism. The concepts of ''karma'' and ''karmaphala'' explain how intentional a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buddhism
Buddhism, also known as Buddhadharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and List of philosophies, philosophical tradition based on Pre-sectarian Buddhism, teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century Before the Common Era, BCE. It is the Major religious groups, world's fourth-largest religion, with about 500 million followers, known as Buddhists, who comprise four percent of the global population. It arose in the eastern Gangetic plain as a movement in the 5th century BCE, and gradually spread throughout much of Asia. Buddhism has subsequently played a major role in Asian culture and spirituality, eventually spreading to Western world, the West in the 20th century. According to tradition, the Buddha instructed his followers in a path of bhavana, development which leads to Enlightenment in Buddhism, awakening and moksha, full liberation from ''Duḥkha, dukkha'' (). He regarded this path as a Middle Way between extremes su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Four Noble Truths
In Buddhism, the Four Noble Truths (; ; "The Four Arya (Buddhism), arya satya") are "the truths of the noble one (the Buddha)," a statement of how things really are (Three marks of existence, the three marks of existence) when they are seen correctly (Noble Eightfold Path#Right view, right view). The four truths are * ''dukkha'' (not being at ease, 'suffering', from ''dush-stha'', standing unstable). ''Dukkha'' is an innate characteristic of samsara, transient existence;Four Noble Truths: BUDDHIST PHILOSOPHY Encyclopaedia Britannica, Quote: "The first truth, suffering (Pali: dukkha; Sanskrit: duhkha), is characteristic of existence in the realm of rebirth, called samsara ()." nothing is forever, this is painful; * ''samudaya'' (origin, arising, combination; 'cause'): together with this tran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skandha
' (Sanskrit) or (Pāḷi) means "heaps, aggregates, collections, groupings, clusters". In Buddhism, it refers to the five aggregates of clinging (), the five material and mental factors that take part in the perpetual process of craving, clinging and aversion due to Avijja. They are also explained as the five factors that constitute and explain a sentient being's person and personality, but this is a later interpretation in response to ''Sarvastivada, Sarvāstivādin'' essentialism. The 14th Dalai Lama subscribes to this interpretation. The five aggregates or heaps of clinging are: # form, sense objects (or material image, impression) () # sensations (or feelings of pleasure, pain, or indifference (both bodily and mental), created from the coming together of the senses, sense objects, and the consciousness) () # perceptions (or the nature of recognizing ''marks'' — making distinctions) () # mental activity, formations, or perpetuations () # consciousness (or the nature o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mental Factors (Buddhism)
Mental factors ( or ''chitta samskara'' ; ; Tibetic languages, Tibetan: སེམས་བྱུང ''sems byung''), in Buddhism, are identified within the teachings of the Abhidhamma (Buddhist psychology). They are defined as aspects of the mind that apprehend the quality of an object, and that have the ability to color the mind. Within the Abhidhamma, the mental factors are categorized as formations () concurrent with mind ().Guenther (1975), Kindle Location 321.Kunsang (2004), p. 23.Geshe Tashi Tsering (2006), Kindle Location 456. Alternate translations for mental factors include "mental states", "mental events", and "concomitants of consciousness". Introduction Mental factors are aspects of the mind that apprehend the quality of an object and have the ability to color the mind. Geshe Tashi Tsering explains: :The Tibetan for mental factors, ''semlay jungwa chö'' (Skt. ''chaitasika dharma''), means phenomena arising from the mind, suggesting that the mental factors are not prim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karma
Karma (, from , ; ) is an ancient Indian concept that refers to an action, work, or deed, and its effect or consequences. In Indian religions, the term more specifically refers to a principle of cause and effect, often descriptively called the principle of karma, wherein individuals' intent and actions (cause) influence their future (effect): Good intent and good deeds contribute to good karma and happier Reincarnation, rebirths, while bad intent and bad deeds contribute to bad karma and worse rebirths. In some scriptures, however, there is no link between rebirth and karma. In Hinduism, karma is traditionally classified into four types: Sanchita karma (accumulated karma from past actions across lifetimes), Prārabdha karma (a portion of Sanchita karma that is currently bearing fruit and determines the circumstances of the present life), Āgāmi karma (future karma generated by present actions), and Kriyamāṇa karma (immediate karma created by current actions, which may y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vijnanavada
Yogachara (, IAST: ') is an influential tradition of Buddhist philosophy and psychology emphasizing the study of cognition, perception, and consciousness through the interior lens of meditation, as well as philosophical reasoning (hetuvidyā). Yogachara was one of the two most influential traditions of Mahayana Buddhism in India, along with Madhyamaka. The compound ''Yogācāra'' literally means "practice of yoga", or "one whose practice is yoga", hence the name of the school is literally "the school of the yogins". Yogācāra was also variously termed ''Vijñānavāda'' (the doctrine of consciousness), ''Vijñaptivāda'' (the doctrine of ideas or percepts) or ''Vijñaptimātratā-vāda'' (the doctrine of 'mere representation'), which is also the name given to its major theory of mind which seeks to deconstruct how we perceive the world. There are several interpretations of this main theory: various forms of Idealism, as well as a phenomenology or representationalism. Aside f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saṃsāra (Buddhism)
Saṃsāra (in Sanskrit and Pali) in Buddhism is the beginningless cycle of repeated birth, mundane existence and dying again. Samsara is considered to be suffering (Skt. '' duḥkha''; P. ''dukkha''), or generally unsatisfactory and painful. It is perpetuated by desire and ignorance (Skt. '' avidyā;'' P. ''avijjā''), and the resulting karma and sensuousness. Rebirths occur in six realms of existence, namely three good realms ( heavenly, demi-god, human) and three evil realms (animal, ghosts, hell). Saṃsāra ends when a being attains nirvāṇa, which is the extinction of desire and acquisition of true insight into the nature of reality as impermanent and non-self. Characteristics In Buddhism, ''saṃsāra'' is the beginningless and endless cycle of life, death, and rebirth characterized by suffering. Passages from the Samyutta Nikaya propose that this process is beginningless, fueled by the ignorance and craving of beings. This unending transmigration across the six re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saṃyutta Nikāya
The ''Saṃyutta Nikāya'' ("Connected Discourses" or "Kindred Sayings") is a Buddhist scriptures collection, the third of the five Nikāyas, or collections, in the Sutta Pitaka, which is one of the "three baskets" that compose the Pali Tipitaka of Theravada Buddhism. Because of the abbreviated way parts of the text are written, the total number of suttas/sūtras is unclear. The editor of the Pali Text Society edition of the text made it 2889, Bodhi in his translation has 2904, while the commentaries give 7762. A study by Rupert Gethin gives the totals for the Burmese and Sinhalese editions as 2854 and 7656, respectively, and his own calculation as 6696; he also says the total in the Thai edition is unclear. The suttas/sūtras are grouped into five ''vargas/vaggas'', or sections. Each ''varga/vagga'' is further divided into samyuttas/saṃyuktas, or chapters, each of which in turn contains a group of suttas/sūtras on a related topic. History Dating Bhante Sujato, a con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Last Words
A person's last words, their final articulated words stated prior to death or as death approaches, are often recorded because of the decedent's fame, but sometimes because of interest in the statement itself. (People dying of illness are frequently inarticulate at the end, and in such cases their actual last utterances may not be recorded or considered very important.) Last words may be recorded accurately, or, for a variety of reasons, may not. Reasons can include simple error or deliberate intent. Even if reported wrongly, putative last words can constitute an important part of the perceived historical records or demonstration of cultural attitudes toward death at the time. Charles Darwin, for example, was reported to have disavowed his theory of evolution in favor of traditional religious faith at his death. This widely disseminated report served the interests of those who opposed Darwin's theory on religious grounds. However, the putative witness had not been at Darwin's dea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
:Category:Sanskrit Words And Phrases
{{CatAutoTOC words A word is a basic element of language that carries meaning, can be used on its own, and is uninterruptible. Despite the fact that language speakers often have an intuitive grasp of what a word is, there is no consensus among linguists on its ... Indo-Aryan words and phrases Archaic words and phrases Buddhist terminology Indian words and phrases Words and phrases by language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
