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Samuel Wesley Stratton Award
The Samuel Wesley Stratton Award has been annually presented by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, then NBS) since 1962 for "an unusually significant research contribution to science or engineering that merits the acclaim of the scientific world and supports NIST's mission objectives". The award was named after first director of NIST, then NBS, Samuel Wesley Stratton. The award is considered NIST's highest award for fundamental research. Recipients * 1971 John L. Hall * 1973 Marilyn E. Jacox * 1978 John Yates (chemist) and Theodore E. Madey * 1987 William Daniel Phillips * 1993 J. Michael Rowe and John J. Rush * 1994 Richard D. Leapman, Dale E. Newbury * 1995 Eric A. Cornell * 1996 John M. Martinis * 1997 Wen-Li Wu * 1998 William F. Egelhoff, Jr. * 1999 David B. Newell, Richard L. Steiner, Edwin R. Williams * 2000 Robert D. McMichael (Physicist, Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory) "for several breakthroughs in the design of thin-film mag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Institute Of Standards And Technology
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is an agency of the United States Department of Commerce whose mission is to promote American innovation and industrial competitiveness. NIST's activities are organized into Outline of physical science, physical science laboratory programs that include Nanotechnology, nanoscale science and technology, engineering, information technology, neutron research, material measurement, and physical measurement. From 1901 to 1988, the agency was named the National Bureau of Standards. History Background The Articles of Confederation, ratified by the colonies in 1781, provided: The United States in Congress assembled shall also have the sole and exclusive right and power of regulating the alloy and value of coin struck by their own authority, or by that of the respective states—fixing the standards of weights and measures throughout the United States. Article 1, section 8, of the Constitution of the United States, ratified i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Awards
American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, people who self-identify their ancestry as "American" ** American English, the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States ** Native Americans in the United States, indigenous peoples of the United States * American, something of, from, or related to the Americas, also known as "America" ** Indigenous peoples of the Americas * American (word), for analysis and history of the meanings in various contexts Organizations * American Airlines, U.S.-based airline headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas * American Athletic Conference, an American college athletic conference * American Recordings (record label), a record label that was previously known as Def American * American University, in Washington, D.C. Sports teams S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metal–organic Framework
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous polymers consisting of metal cluster compound, clusters (also known as Secondary Building Units - SBUs) coordinated to organic compound, organic ligands to form one-, two- or three-dimensional structures. The organic ligands included are sometimes referred to as "struts" or "linkers", one example being terephthalic acid, 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (BDC). MOFs are classified as reticular materials. More formally, a metal–organic framework is a potentially porous extended structure made from metal ions and organic linkers. An extended structure is a structure whose sub-units occur in a constant ratio and are arranged in a repeating pattern. MOFs are a subclass of coordination networks, which is a coordination compound extending, through repeating coordination entities, in one dimension, but with cross-links between two or more individual chains, loops, or spiro-links, or a coordination compound extending through repeating c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kilogram
The kilogram (also spelled kilogramme) is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI), equal to one thousand grams. It has the unit symbol kg. The word "kilogram" is formed from the combination of the metric prefix kilo- (meaning one thousand) and gram; it is colloquially shortened to "kilo" (plural "kilos"). The kilogram is an SI base unit, defined ultimately in terms of three defining constants of the SI, namely a specific transition frequency of the caesium-133 atom, the speed of light, and the Planck constant. A properly equipped metrology laboratory can calibrate a mass measurement instrument such as a Kibble balance as a primary standard for the kilogram mass. The kilogram was originally defined in 1795 during the French Revolution as the mass of one litre of water (originally at 0 °C, later changed to the temperature of its maximum density, approximately 4 °C). The current definition of a kilogram agrees with this original defini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wildland–urban Interface
The wildland–urban interface (WUI) is a zone of transition between wilderness (unoccupied land) and land development, land developed by human impact on the environment, human activity – an area where a built environment meets or intermingles with a natural environment. Human settlements in the WUI are at a greater risk of catastrophic wildfire. Definitions In the United States, the wildland–urban interface (WUI) has two definitions. The US Forest Service defines the wildland–urban interface qualitatively as a place where "humans and their development meet or intermix with wildland fuel." Communities that are within of the zone are included. A quantitative definition is provided by the Federal Register, which defines WUI areas as those containing at least one housing unit per . The Federal Register definition splits the WUI into two categories based on vegetation density: * Intermix WUI, or lands that contain at least one housing unit per in which vegetation occupies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samuel L
Samuel L. may refer to: * Samuel L. Jackson (born 1948), American actor * Samuel L. Clemens aka Mark Twain (1835 – 1910), American author * Samuel L. Devine (1915 – 1997), American politician * Samuel L. Gravely Jr. (1922 – 2004) African-American naval officer * Samuel L. Greitzer (1905 – 1988), American mathematician * Samuel L. Lewis (1896 – 1971) American mystic and horticulturalist * Samuel L. Mitchill (1764–1831) American physician, naturalist, and politician * Samuel L. Popkin (born 1942), American political scientist * Samuel L. Southard (1787 – 1842), American statesman {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microporous Material
A microporous material is a material containing pores with typical sizes less than 2 nm in diameter. Microporous materials, like mesoporous materials, are a subset of nanoporous materials. Examples of microporous materials include zeolites and metal-organic frameworks. Porous materials are classified into several kinds by their size. The recommendations of a panel convened by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC ) is an international federation of National Adhering Organizations working for the advancement of the chemical sciences, especially by developing nomenclature and terminology. It is ... (IUPAC) are: See page 1745. *Microporous materials have pore diameters of less than 2 nm. * Mesoporous materials have pore diameters between 2 nm and 50 nm. * Macroporous materials have pore diameters of greater than 50 nm. Micropores may be defined differently in other contexts. F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Superconductivity
Superconductivity is a set of physical properties observed in superconductors: materials where Electrical resistance and conductance, electrical resistance vanishes and Magnetic field, magnetic fields are expelled from the material. Unlike an ordinary metallic Electrical conductor, conductor, whose resistance decreases gradually as its temperature is lowered, even down to near absolute zero, a superconductor has a characteristic Phase transition, critical temperature below which the resistance drops abruptly to zero. An electric current through a loop of superconducting wire can persist indefinitely with no power source. The superconductivity phenomenon was discovered in 1911 by Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes. Like ferromagnetism and Atomic spectral line, atomic spectral lines, superconductivity is a phenomenon which can only be explained by quantum mechanics. It is characterized by the Meissner effect, the complete cancellation of the magnetic field in the interior of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taner Yildirim
Taner (from Turkish ', "dawn", and ', "man") is usually a Turkish masculine given name and surname. It may also refer to Taner, a former imperial Chinese commandery. Given name * Ahmet Taner Kışlalı (1939−1999), political scientist, author and politician * Dany Bahar (born 1971), birth name Taner Bahar, Turkish chief executive * Taner Adu (born 1984), professional basketball player *Taner Akçam (born 1953), Turkish historian, sociologist and author *Taner Akyol (born 1977), Turkish bağlama player and classical music composer * Taner Ari (born 1987), Austrian footballer of Turkish descent * Taner Birsel (born 1959), Turkish film actor *Taner Ceylan (born 1967), German-born Turkish photo-realist artist * Taner Demirbaş (born 1978), Turkish footballer * Taner Gülleri (born 1976), Turkish footballer * Taner Öner (born 1971), Turkish women's football manager *Taner Sağır (born 1985), Turkish weightlifting champion * Taner Savut (1974–2023), Turkish sporting director an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atomic Clock
An atomic clock is a clock that measures time by monitoring the resonant frequency of atoms. It is based on atoms having different energy levels. Electron states in an atom are associated with different energy levels, and in transitions between such states they interact with a very specific frequency of electromagnetic radiation. This phenomenon serves as the basis for the International System of Units' (SI) definition of a second: The second, symbol s, is the SI unit of time. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the caesium frequency, \Delta \nu_\text, the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the caesium-133 atom, to be when expressed in the unit Hz, which is equal to s−1. This definition is the basis for the system of International Atomic Time (TAI), which is maintained by an ensemble of atomic clocks around the world. The system of Coordinated Universal Time, Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) that is the basis of civil time implements ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jun Ye
Jun Ye (; born 1967) is a Chinese-American physicist at JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Colorado Boulder, working primarily in the field of atomic, molecular, and optical physics. Education and career Ye was born in Shanghai, China, shortly after the beginning of the Cultural Revolution. His father was a naval officer and his mother an environmental scientist. He was primarily raised by his grandmother. Ye graduated with a bachelor's degree in physics from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1989. He then moved to the United States to commence graduate studies, completing a master's degree at the University of New Mexico under Marlan Scully in theoretical quantum optics in 1991. He also gained experience in experimental physics under John McInerney working on semiconductor lasers, and spent a summer at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Ye then went to the University of Colorado Boulder to begin a Ph.D. in physics. He was accepted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
