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Salt Substitute
A salt substitute, also known as low-sodium salt, is a low-sodium alternative to edible salt (table salt) marketed to reduce the risk of high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease associated with a high intake of sodium chloride while maintaining a similar taste. The leading salt substitutes are non-sodium table salts, which have their tastes as a result of compounds other than sodium chloride. Non-sodium salts reduce daily sodium intake and reduce the health effects of this element. Low sodium diet Research In 2021, a large randomised controlled trial of 20,995 older people in China reported that use of a potassium salt substitute in home cooking over a five-year period reduced the risk of stroke by 14%, major cardiovascular events by 13% and all-cause mortality by 12% compared to use of regular table salt. The study reported no significant difference in hyperkalaemia between the two groups, though people with serious kidney disease were excluded from the trial. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a group of common endocrine diseases characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels. Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough of the hormone insulin, or the cells of the body becoming unresponsive to insulin's effects. Classic symptoms include polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyuria (excessive urination), polyphagia (excessive hunger), weight loss, and blurred vision. If left untreated, the disease can lead to various health complications, including disorders of the cardiovascular system, eye, kidney, and nerves. Diabetes accounts for approximately 4.2 million deaths every year, with an estimated 1.5 million caused by either untreated or poorly treated diabetes. The major types of diabetes are type 1 and type 2. The most common treatment for type 1 is insulin replacement therapy (insulin injections), while anti-diabetic medications (such as metformin and semaglutide) and lifestyle modificatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magnesium
Magnesium is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol Mg and atomic number 12. It is a shiny gray metal having a low density, low melting point and high chemical reactivity. Like the other alkaline earth metals (group 2 of the periodic table), it occurs naturally only in combination with other elements and almost always has an oxidation state of +2. It reacts readily with air to form a thin Passivation (chemistry), passivation coating of magnesium oxide that inhibits further corrosion of the metal. The free metal burns with a brilliant-white light. The metal is obtained mainly by electrolysis of magnesium Salt (chemistry), salts obtained from brine. It is less dense than aluminium and is used primarily as a component in strong and lightweight magnesium alloy, alloys that contain aluminium. In the cosmos, magnesium is produced in large, aging stars by the sequential addition of three Helium nucleus, helium nuclei to a carbon nucleus. When such stars explo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salicornia
''Salicornia'' is a genus of succulent, halophytic (salt tolerant) flowering plants in the family Amaranthaceae that grow in salt marshes, on beaches, and among mangroves. ''Salicornia'' species are native to North America, Europe, central Asia, and southern Africa. Common names for the genus include glasswort, pickleweed, picklegrass, and marsh samphire; these common names are also used for some species not in ''Salicornia''. To French speakers in Atlantic Canada, they are known colloquially as ('mouse tits'). The main European species is often eaten, called marsh samphire in Britain, and the main North American species is occasionally sold in grocery stores or appears on restaurant menus as sea beans, samphire greens or sea asparagus. Description The ''Salicornia'' species are small annual herbs. They grow prostrate to erect, their simple or branched stems are succulent, hairless, and appear to be jointed. The opposite leaves are strongly reduced to small fleshy scales with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edible Seaweed
Edible seaweed, or sea vegetables, are seaweeds that can be eaten and used for culinary purposes. They typically contain high amounts of fiber. They may belong to one of several groups of multicellular algae: the red algae, green algae, and brown algae. Seaweeds are also harvested or cultivated for the extraction of polysaccharides such as alginate, agar and carrageenan, gelatinous substances collectively known as hydrocolloids or phycocolloids. Hydrocolloids have attained commercial significance, especially in food production as food additives. The food industry exploits the gelling, water-retention, emulsifying and other physical properties of these hydrocolloids. Most edible seaweeds are marine algae whereas most freshwater algae are toxic. Some marine algae contain acids that irritate the digestion canal, while others can have a laxative and electrolyte-balancing effect. Most marine macroalgae are nontoxic in normal quantities, but members of the genus '' Lyngbya'' a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monosodium Glutamate
Monosodium glutamate (MSG), also known as sodium glutamate, is a sodium salt of glutamic acid. MSG is found naturally in some foods including tomatoes and cheese in this glutamic acid form. MSG is used in cooking as a flavor enhancer with a savory taste that intensifies the umami flavor of food, as naturally occurring glutamate does in foods such as stews and meat soups. MSG was first prepared in 1908 by Japanese biochemist Kikunae Ikeda, who tried to isolate and duplicate the savory taste of ''kombu'', an edible seaweed used as a broth ('' dashi'') for Japanese cuisine. MSG balances, blends, and rounds the perception of other tastes. MSG, along with disodium ribonucleotides, is commonly used and found in stock (bouillon) cubes, soups, ramen, gravy, stews, condiments, savory snacks, etc. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has given MSG its generally recognized as safe (GRAS) designation. It is a popular misconception that MSG can cause headaches and other feelings ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mass Fraction (chemistry)
In chemistry, the mass fraction of a substance within a mixture is the ratio w_i (alternatively denoted Y_i) of the mass m_i of that substance to the total mass m_\text of the mixture. Expressed as a formula, the mass fraction is: : w_i = \frac . Because the individual masses of the ingredients of a mixture sum to m_\text, their mass fractions sum to unity: : \sum_^ w_i = 1. Mass fraction can also be expressed, with a denominator of 100, as percentage by mass (in commercial contexts often called ''percentage by weight'', abbreviated ''wt.%'' or ''% w/w''; see mass versus weight). It is one way of expressing the composition of a mixture in a dimensionless size; mole fraction (percentage by moles, mol%) and volume fraction ( percentage by volume, vol%) are others. When the prevalences of interest are those of individual chemical elements, rather than of compounds or other substances, the term ''mass fraction'' can also refer to the ratio of the mass of an element to the tot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sodium Malate
Sodium malate is a compound with formula Na2(C2H4O(COO)2). It is the sodium salt of malic acid. As a food additive, it has the E number E350. Properties Sodium malate is an odorless white crystalline powder. It is freely soluble in water. Use It is used as an acidity regulator and flavoring agent. It tastes similar to sodium chloride (table salt In common usage, salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl). When used in food, especially in granulated form, it is more formally called table salt. In the form of a natural crystalline mineral, salt is also known as ro ...). References Malates Organic sodium salts E-number additives {{OrganicAcid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eplerenone
Eplerenone, marketed under brand name Inspa or Espler, is an aldosterone antagonist used primarily in the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), particularly following myocardial infarction. It may also be considered as an add-on therapy in resistant hypertension; however, the majority of evidence in this setting supports the use of spironolactone (another drug in a same class), with fewer studies directly evaluating eplerenone. It is also a steroidal antimineralocorticoid of the spirolactone group and a selective aldosterone receptor antagonist (SARA). Medical uses Heart failure Eplerenone and other Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists have been demonstrated to reduce the risk of death and hospitalisation in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) who have a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 40% or less. It has also been demonstrated to increase LVEF by an average of 4.95%. These benefits are seen when used w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spironolactone
Spironolactone, sold under the brand name Aldactone among others, is classed as a diuretic medication. It can be used to treat edema, fluid build-up due to hepatic cirrhosis, liver disease or kidney disease. It is also used to reduce risk of disease progression, hospitalization and death due to some types of heart failure. Other uses include acne and excessive hair growth in women, hypokalemia, low blood potassium that does not improve with Potassium#Supplementation, supplementation, high blood pressure that is difficult to treat and early puberty in boys. It can also be used to block the effects of testosterone in transgender women and Non-binary gender, nonbinary people undergoing Feminizing hormone therapy, feminizing hormone replacement therapy. Spironolactone is usually available in tablets, taken oral administration, by mouth, though topical forms are also available. Common side effects include electrolyte abnormalities, particularly hyperkalemia, high blood potassium ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) are a class of medication used primarily for the treatment of high blood pressure and heart failure. This class of medicine works by causing relaxation of blood vessels as well as a decrease in blood volume, which leads to lower blood pressure and decreased oxygen demand from the heart. ACE inhibitors inhibit the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme, an important component of the renin–angiotensin system which converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II, and hydrolyses bradykinin. Therefore, ACE inhibitors decrease the formation of angiotensin II, a vasoconstrictor, and increase the level of bradykinin, a peptide vasodilator. This combination is synergistic in lowering blood pressure. As a result of inhibiting the ACE enzyme in the bradykinin system, the ACE inhibitor drugs allow for increased levels of bradykinin which would normally be degraded. Bradykinin produces prostaglandin. This mechanism can explain the two ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Captopril
Captopril, sold under the brand name Capoten among others, is an ACE inhibitor, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and some types of congestive heart failure. Captopril was the first oral ACE inhibitor found for the treatment of hypertension. It does not cause fatigue as associated with beta-blockers. Captopril was patented in 1976 and approved for medical use in 1980. Structure–activity relationship Captopril has an L-proline group which allows it to be more bioavailable in oral formulations. The thiol moiety within the molecule has been associated with two significant adverse effects: the hapten or immune response. This immune response, also known as agranulocytosis, can explain the adverse drug events which may be seen in captopril with the allergic response which includes hives, severe stomach pain, difficulty breathing, and swelling of the face, lips, tongue or throat. In terms of interaction with the enzyme, the molec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
