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Salinan Lang
The Salinan are a Native American tribe whose ancestral territory is in the southern Salinas Valley and the Santa Lucia Range in the Central Coast of California. Today, the Salinan governments are now working toward federal tribal recognition from the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Geographic origins There were two major divisions and one subgroup. From north to south, the ''Antoniano'' lived in the lower part of the Salinas Valley (which flows south to north), near the future site of two missions: (Mission San Antonio de Padua and Mission San Miguel Arcángel). The ''Miguelino'' lived on the upper course of the Salinas River, and to the south near Slates Hot Springs, Junipero Serra Peak, and Soledad. There were also a ''Playano'' subgroup on the Pacific Coast in the vicinity of what is now Lucia and San Simeon. Salinans were Hunter-gatherers and, like most other California tribes, were organized in small groups with little centralized political structure. They left shell m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English Language
English is a West Germanic language that developed in early medieval England and has since become a English as a lingua franca, global lingua franca. The namesake of the language is the Angles (tribe), Angles, one of the Germanic peoples that Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, migrated to Britain after its End of Roman rule in Britain, Roman occupiers left. English is the list of languages by total number of speakers, most spoken language in the world, primarily due to the global influences of the former British Empire (succeeded by the Commonwealth of Nations) and the United States. English is the list of languages by number of native speakers, third-most spoken native language, after Mandarin Chinese and Spanish language, Spanish; it is also the most widely learned second language in the world, with more second-language speakers than native speakers. English is either the official language or one of the official languages in list of countries and territories where English ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pacific Coast
Pacific coast may be used to reference any coastline that borders the Pacific Ocean. Geography Americas North America Countries on the western side of North America have a Pacific coast as their western or south-western border. One of the notable exceptions is Panama, where the Pacific coast is primarily on its southern border. The first Europeans to see the Pacific Ocean were able to do so by crossing the narrow Isthmus of Panama. The unique position of Panama in relation to the Pacific Ocean resulted in the ocean initially being named the South Sea. * British Columbia Coast, West Coast of Canada * Geography of Costa Rica * Geography of El Salvador * Geography of Guatemala * Geography of Honduras * Pacific Coast of Mexico * Geography of Nicaragua * Geography of Panama * West Coast of the United States ** Geography of Alaska South America Only four countries in South America have a Pacific coast as a part (or all) of their border. * Geography of Chile * Geography of C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flake Tool
In archaeology, a flake tool is a type of stone tool that was used during the Stone Age that was created by striking a flake from a prepared stone core. People during prehistoric times often preferred these flake tools as compared to other tools because these tools were often easily made, could be made to be extremely sharp & could easily be repaired. Flake tools could be sharpened by retouch to create scrapers or burins. These tools were either made by flaking off small particles of flint or by breaking off a large piece and using that as a tool itself. These tools were able to be made by this "chipping" away effect due to the natural characteristic of stone. Stone is able to break apart when struck near the edge. Flake tools are created through flint knapping, a process of producing stone tools using lithic reduction. Lithic reduction Lithic reduction is the removal of a lithic flake from a larger stone in order to reach the desired tool shape and size. The beginning sto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shell Bead
Shell may refer to: Architecture and design * Shell (structure), a thin structure ** Concrete shell, a thin shell of concrete, usually with no interior columns or exterior buttresses Science Biology * Seashell, a hard outer layer of a marine animal, found on beaches * Eggshell * Nutshell * Exoskeleton, an external covering of some animals ** Mollusc shell *** Bivalve shell *** Gastropod shell ** Shell, of a brachiopod * Turtle shell * Armadillo shell Physics and chemistry * Electron shell or a principal energy level of electrons outside an atom's nucleus * Nuclear shell model, a principal energy level of nucleons within an atom's nucleus * On shell and off shell, quantum field theory concepts depending on whether classical equations of motion are obeyed Mathematics * Spherical shell Organisations * Shell plc formerly Royal Dutch Shell plc, a British multinational oil and gas company ** Shell Oil Company or Shell USA ** Shell Australia ** Shell Canada ** Shell Ni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lithic Flake
In archaeology, a lithic flake is a "portion of rock (geology), rock removed from an objective piece by percussion or pressure,"Andrefsky, W. (2005) ''Lithics: Macroscopic Approaches to Analysis''. 2d Ed. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press and may also be referred to as simply a ''flake'', or collectively as debitage. The objective piece, or the rock being reduced by the removal of flakes, is known as a lithic core, core.Andrefsky, W. (2005) ''Lithics: Macroscopic Approaches to Analysis''. 2d Ed. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press Once the proper tool stone has been selected, a percussor or pressure flaker (e.g., an antler Tine (structural), tine) is used to direct a sharp blow, or apply sufficient force, respectively, to the surface of the stone, often on the edge of the piece. The energy of this blow propagates through the material, often (termination type, but not always) producing a Hertzian cone of force which causes the rock to fracture in a controllable fashion. Since c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hand Axe
A hand axe (or handaxe or Acheulean hand axe) is a Prehistory, prehistoric stone tool with two faces that is the longest-used tool in human history. It is made from stone, usually flint or chert that has been "reduced" and shaped from a larger piece by knapping, or hitting against another stone. They are characteristic of the lower Acheulean and middle Palaeolithic (Mousterian) periods, roughly 1.6 million years ago to about 100,000 years ago, and used by ''Homo erectus'' and other early humans, but rarely by ''Homo sapiens''. Their technical name (biface) comes from the fact that the archetypical model is a generally bifacial (with two wide sides or faces) and almond-shaped (amygdaloidal) lithic flake. Hand axes tend to be Symmetry, symmetrical along their longitudinal Symmetry axis, axis and formed by pressure or percussion. The most common hand axes have a pointed end and rounded base, which gives them their characteristic almond shape, and both faces have been Knapping, knap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jolon, California
Jolon (; Spanish: ''Jolón''; Salinan: ''Xolon'') is a small unincorporated village in southern Monterey County, California. Jolon is located on the San Antonio River Valley, west of Salinas Valley and is entirely surrounded by Fort Hunter Liggett. The origins of Jolon date to 1771, when the Spanish established Mission San Antonio de Padua, under the command of Saint Junípero Serra. The town was officially founded by Californios in 1849, when Antonio Ramírez built an inn as a stop on El Camino Real. History Prior to the arrival of Europeans, the area was inhabited by the Salinan nation of Indigenous Californians. Spanish period The famed Portolá expedition, led by Gaspar de Portolá, camped on the San Antonio River near modern-day Jolon on September 24, 1769, having crossed the Santa Lucia Range from the coast. The party continued north through Jolon Valley. Mission San Antonio de Padua was established two years later in 1771, under the direction of Junípero Serra, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wagon Caves
The Wagon Caves rock formation is an archeological site that was used by the Salinan Antonianos subtribe who occupied at least two villages in the area more than a thousand years apart. The caves are located about northwest of Jolon, California. In the latter part of the 1800s, the location became a way station for homesteaders and miners who traveled between the southern portion of the Big Sur coast and the interior. Wagons were left at the location, allowing travelers to transport goods to and from Jolon and later Soledad when the Union Pacific Railroad established a terminus there. In 2000, the 806 acres (326 ha) Wagon Cave Research Natural Area was established to study and protect the unique flora found in the area. The location is known for huge valley oaks that are up to tall with trunks across. Indigenous occupation The rock formation about northwest of present-day Jolon, California was used by the Salinan Antonianos subtribe who researchers believe occupied at le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heyday Books
Heyday is an independent nonprofit publisher based in Berkeley, California. Heyday was founded by Malcolm Margolin in 1974 when he wrote, typeset, designed, and distributed ''The East Bay Out'', a guide to the natural history of the hills and bay shore in and round Berkeley and Oakland, in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area. Heyday publishes around twenty books a year, as well as the quarterly magazine ''News from Native California''. In 2004, they merged with their nonprofit wing, the Clapperstick Institute, and became a full-fledged 501(c)(3) nonprofit enterprise. In 2016, Margolin retired from Heyday, and Steve Wasserman, previously editor-in-chief of the ''Los Angeles Times Book Review'' and an editor-at-large at Yale University Press, became Margolin's successor as publisher and executive director. Since 2020, the company has been co-led by Wasserman, publisher, and longtime staff member Gayle Wattawa, now general manager. The Berkeley Roundhouse The Berkeley R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SoundCloud
SoundCloud is a German audio streaming service owned and operated by SoundCloud Global Limited & Co. KG. The service enables its users to upload, promote, and share audio. Founded in 2007 by Alexander Ljung and Eric Wahlforss, SoundCloud is one of the largest music streaming services in the world and is available in 190 countries and territories. The service has more than 76 million active monthly users and over 200 million audio tracks as of November 2021. SoundCloud offers both free and paid memberships on the platform, available for mobile, desktop and Xbox devices. SoundCloud has evolved from a traditional online streaming platform to an entertainment company. History SoundCloud was established in Berlin on August 27, 2007, by Swedish sound designer Alexander Ljung and Swedish electronic musician Eric Wahlforss; SoundCloud's website was launched on October 17, 2008. It was originally intended to allow musicians to collaborate by facilitating the sharing and discussion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North State Public Radio
North State Public Radio (KCHO 91.7 Chico/KFPR 88.9 Redding) is an NPR-affiliated public radio broadcaster which has main stations in the Northern California cities of Redding and Chico. It airs news and public affairs, classical music, talk radio and jazz programs. With the help of a number of relay transmitters, NSPR's signal covers a large portion of the North State region, including the cities of Red Bluff, Oroville, Paradise, Anderson, and Shasta Lake City. In 2020, Capital Public Radio, which operates KXJZ and KXPR, took over day to day operations of the station under a public service operating agreement. Programming Programming produced by North State Public Radio includes gardening show ''Cultivating Place'' and science show ''Blue Dot''. Stations Translators In addition to the main stations, KCHO and KFPR are relayed by additional translators to widen their broadcast area. See also * Campus radio * List of college radio stations in the United States F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Midden
A midden is an old dump for domestic waste. It may consist of animal bones, human excrement, botanical material, mollusc shells, potsherds, lithics (especially debitage), and other artifacts and ecofacts associated with past human occupation. These features provide a useful resource for archaeologists who wish to study the diets and habits of past societies. Middens with damp, anaerobic conditions can even preserve organic remains in deposits as the debris of daily life are tossed on the pile. Each individual toss will contribute a different mix of materials depending upon the activity associated with that particular toss. During the course of deposition sedimentary material is deposited as well. Different mechanisms, from wind and water to animal digs, create a matrix which can also be analysed to provide seasonal and climatic information. In some middens individual dumps of material can be discerned and analysed. Shells A shell midden or shell mound is an arc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
