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Saleha Farooq Etemadi
Saleha Farooq Etemadi was an Afghan politician. She served as Minister of Social Security in 1990-1992. In May 1990 she was appointed cabinet minister of Social Security in the government of Mohammad Najibullah Mohammad Najibullah Ahmadzai (6 August 1947 – 27 September 1996) was an Afghan military officer and politician who served as the second president of Afghanistan from 1987 until his resignation in April 1992, shortly after the Afghan mujahideen' ....Emadi, Hafizullah, Repression, resistance, and women in Afghanistan, Praeger, Westport, Conn., 2002 She was one of two women in the cabinet alongside Masuma Esmati-Wardak, and one of the first women in the Afghan government.The first five was Kubra Noorzai in 1965, Shafiqa Ziaie in 1971, Anahita Ratebzad in 1976, Masuma Esmati-Wardak in 1990 and Saleha Farooq Etemadi in 1990. After the fall of the Communist regimen, no other woman was to be a member of Government in Afghanistan until Sima Samar in 2001. References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fazal Haq Khaliqyar
Fazal Haq Khaliqyar (1934 – 16 July 2004) was an Afghan politician who served as the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Afghanistan from May 1990 to April 1992. He performed duties as deputy Minister of Finance during Mohammad Daud Khan's rule. He was appointed as Council of Ministers chairman during the period of President Mohammad Najibullah government. For the first time since 1978, a free parliamentary debate was held in order to select the Council of Ministers chairman. On May 21, 1990, Khaliqyar, who was non-party figure, was selected to this position. He replaced PDPA hard-liner Keshtmand. However, Khaliqyar's cabinet kept PDPA stalwarts in all the key security posts. By the end of May 1990, A loya jirga was convened in Kabul, which ratified constitutional amendments providing for multiple political parties, ending the PDPA's and the National Front's monopoly over executive power. On December 11, 1990, President Najibullah inaugurated a ''National Commission for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Najibullah
Mohammad Najibullah Ahmadzai (6 August 1947 – 27 September 1996) was an Afghan military officer and politician who served as the second president of Afghanistan from 1987 until his resignation in April 1992, shortly after the Afghan mujahideen's takeover of Kabul. He was also the General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) from 1986 to 1992. After a failed attempt to flee to India, Najibullah remained in Kabul, and lived in the Afghanistan and the United Nations, United Nations headquarters until his assassination during the Taliban, Taliban's first Battle of Kabul (1992–1996), capture of Kabul in 1996. A graduate of Kabul University, Najibullah held different careers under the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA). Following the Saur Revolution and the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, Najibullah was a low profile bureaucrat. He was sent into exile ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Afghanistan
Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the Durand Line, east and south, Iran to the Afghanistan–Iran border, west, Turkmenistan to the Afghanistan–Turkmenistan border, northwest, Uzbekistan to the Afghanistan–Uzbekistan border, north, Tajikistan to the Afghanistan–Tajikistan border, northeast, and China to the Afghanistan–China border, northeast and east. Occupying of land, the country is predominantly mountainous with plains Afghan Turkestan, in the north and Sistan Basin, the southwest, which are separated by the Hindu Kush mountain range. Kabul is the country's capital and largest city. Demographics of Afghanistan, Afghanistan's population is estimated to be between 36 and 50 million. Ancient history of Afghanistan, Human habitation in Afghanistan dates to the Middle Paleolithic era. Popularly referred to as the graveyard of empire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Masuma Esmati-Wardak
Masuma Esmati-Wardak (born 1930), was an Afghan writer and politician. She was jointly one of the first women to serve in the Afghan parliament in 1965, and served as Minister of Education in 1990-1992. Life and career In 1953 she graduated from Kabul Women's College, and received a degree in business in the United States in 1958.Mattar, Philip (2004). Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East & North Africa: D-K. Macmillan Reference USA. p. 786. . In 1959, she and Kubra Noorzai became one of the first women to appear in public in Afghanistan without a veil after Queen Humaira Begum had removed hers, supporting the call by the Prime minister Mohammed Daoud Khan for women to voluntary remove their veil.Tamim Ansary (2012Games without Rules: The Often-Interrupted History of Afghanistan/ref> In 1964 King Mohammed Zahir Shah appointed her to an advisory committee that reviewed the draft 1964 constitution, which granted women the right to vote and stand for election. In 1965 she was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kubra Noorzai
Kubra Noorzai (1932–1986) was an Afghan politician. She was the first woman to become a government minister in the country, serving as Minister of Public Health between 1965 and 1969. Biography Noorzai was born in Kabul, one of nine children. She was educated at the Lycée Malalaï, before graduating from the College of Science at Kabul University.Lucie Street (1967) ''The Tent Pegs of Heaven: A Journey Through Afghanistan'', p168 Abarzanan Noorzai subsequently returned to Lycée Malalaï, becoming its headteacher and later headed the Women's Faculty at Kabul University. In 1958 she moved to France, where she studied at the University of Paris for a year. She worked as a school inspector for girls schools, and served as director of the Feminine Charitable Institute in Kabul. She also became Dean of the College of Home Economics. One of the leading feminists in Afghanistan, Noorzai was one of the first women to stop wearing a veil in public, after Queen Humaira Begum had s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shafiqa Ziaie
Shafiqa Ziaie or Shafiqa Ziaye (born 1928) was an Afghan educator and cabinet minister. She belonged to the generation of pioneer women who attained public positions in Afghan society after the reforms of Mohammed Daoud Khan Mohammad Daoud Khan (Dari/) also romanized as Daud Khan or Dawood Khan; 18July 190928April 1978) was an Afghan head of state, military officer and politician who served as prime minister of Afghanistan from 1953 to 1963 and, as leader of the 19 .... Life She was born in Kabul. She was orphan, but completed her studies up to the 8th grade, which was not a given thing in Afghanistan, where most women did not attend school at all. She left school to take care of her two brothers and a sister, but still managed to take her annual exam and graduate from Malalay High School and attend Women's College. She worked as an inspector of girls' schools. In 1960–1961, she studied French and Administration in Switzerland. She served as Minister without Portfolio in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anahita Ratebzad
Anahita Ratebzad (Persian/; November 1931 – 7 September 2014) was an Afghan socialist and Marxist-Leninist politician and a member of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) (belonging to the Parcham faction) and vice-president of the Revolutionary Council under the leadership of Babrak Karmal. One of the first women elected to the Afghan parliament, Ratebzad was deputy head of state from 1980 to 1986. Early life and education Ratebzad was born in Guldara in Kabul Province. Her father was an advocate of Amanullah Khan's reforms. This led to his forced exile following the events of 1929 to Iran under the ruling period of Nader Khan. Ratezbad and her brother grew up without their father under poor conditions. She was married off at the age of 15 to Dr. Keramuddin Kakar, one of the very few foreign-educated Afghan surgeons of the time. Ratebzad had attended the francophone Malalaï Lycée in Kabul. She received a degree in nursing from the State University of Mic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
