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SPLM
The Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM; , ''Al-Ḥarakat ash-Shaʿbiyyat liTaḥrīr as-Sūdān'') is a political party in South Sudan. It was initially founded as the political wing of the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA; a key belligerent of the Second Sudanese Civil War) in 1983. On January 9, 2005 the SPLA, the SPLM and the Government of Sudan signed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, ending the civil war. SPLM then obtained representation in the Government of Sudan, and was the main constituent of the Government of the then semi-autonomous Southern Sudan. When South Sudan became a sovereign state on 9 July 2011, SPLM became the ruling party of the new republic. SPLM branches in Sudan separated themselves from SPLM, forming the Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North. Further factionalism appeared as a result of the 2013–2014 South Sudanese Civil War, with President Salva Kiir leading the SPLM-Juba and former Vice President Riek Machar leading the Sudan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North
The Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North (), or SPLM–N, is a political party and militant organisation in the Republic of the Sudan, based in the states of Blue Nile and South Kordofan. The group's armed forces are formally known as the Sudan People's Liberation Army–North or SPLA–N. In 2011 when South Sudan broke away from Sudan to form a new country, most of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) and Army (SPLA) left with it, leaving units remaining across the border in Sudan to form the SPLA–N. The SPLA–N has suffered from factionalism. Two factions, SPLM-N (Agar) and SPLM-N (al-Hilu) were engaged in fighting each other and against the government of Sudan, from approximately 2017-2019. As of 2025, the al-Hilu faction was fighting the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), while the leader of the Agar faction was appointed into the military-run government. A third faction SPLM-N (Arman) emerged in 2022. History Creation The SPLM-N was founded by the organizati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition
The Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition (Abbreviation, abbreviated SPLM-IO), also known as the anti-governmental forces (AGF), is a mainly South Sudanese political party and rebel group that split from the Sudan People's Liberation Movement in 2013, due to political tensions between President Salva Kiir Mayardit, Salva Kiir and Vice President Riek Machar over leadership of the SPLM. Tensions grew between forces loyal to Kiir and Machar and South Sudan plunged into the South Sudanese Civil War. The party and militia are led by Riek Machar. Machar appointed General Simon Gatwech Dual as Army Chief of General Staff, deputized by the Deputy Chief of General Staffs for operations, training, political and moral orientation, logistics, administration and finance. In June 2021, Machar removed General Gatwech Dual from the position and appointed him into the Presidency as an adviser. Gatwech however, rejected the new role, rejected Machar's leadership of the SPLM/A-IO, and d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sudan People's Liberation Army
The South Sudan People's Defence Forces (SSPDF), formerly the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA), is the military force of South Sudan. The SPLA was founded as a guerrilla movement against the government of Sudan in 1983 and was a key participant of the Second Sudanese Civil War and the subsequent independence of South Sudan. It was led by John Garang, who died in 2005 and was succeeded by Salva Kiir. As of 2010, the SPLA was divided into divisions of 10,000–14,000 soldiers. Following the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005, the last remaining large and well-equipped militia, the South Sudan Defence Forces (SSDF), under General Paulino Matiep, signed an agreement with Kiir known as the Juba Declaration, which amalgamated the two forces under the SPLA banner. Following South Sudan's independence in 2011, Kiir became President and the SPLA became the new republic's regular army. In May 2017 there was a restructure and the SPLA took on the name of South Sudan Defenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Politics Of South Sudan
The politics of South Sudan concern the system of government in the Republic of South Sudan, a country in East Africa, and the people, organizations, and events involved in it. As a region, the Republic of South Sudan gained autonomy in 2005 with former rebel leader Dr. John Garang becoming the President of New Sudan and the Vice President of Sudan. Garang's death in 2005 led Salva Kiir Mayardit taking over as President and Riek Machar as the Vice President. Full independence from the Republic of Sudan was gained, following a referendum in 2011. Eruption of the Civil War When Kiir sacked his entire cabinet in 2013, Riek Machar accused him of stepping towards a dictatorship and challenged him for Presidency, triggering a civil war. In September 2018, a Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan (A-RCSS) was signed, resulting to formation of the Revitalized Transitional Government of National Unity (R-TGoNU) initially for 24 month ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salva Kiir Mayardit
Salva Kiir Mayardit (born 13 September 1951), commonly known as Salva Kiir, is a South Sudanese politician who is the President of South Sudan since its independence on 9 July 2011. Prior to independence, he was the List of heads of state of South Sudan, President of the Government of Southern Sudan Autonomous Region (2005–2011), Southern Sudan, as well as Vice President of Sudan, First Vice President of Sudan, from 2005 to 2011. He was named Commander-in-Chief of the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) in 2005, following the death of John Garang. Kiir was born to the Dinka ethnic group and joined Anyanya rebels fighting for Southern independence during the First Sudanese Civil War in 1967. Following the outbreak of the Second Sudanese Civil War in 1983, Kiir joined the new Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) rebel group led by John Garang as a member of its armed wing, the Sudanese People's Liberation Army (SPLA), eventually becoming the head of the SPLA. Following th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Sudan
New Sudan () is a concept proposed by the Sudan People's Liberation Movement and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement–Northand, its constituent paramilitary forces during the Second Sudanese Civil War. The original SPLM Manifesto outlined New Sudan as a proposed united and secular Sudanese state. The vision of 'New Sudan' was developed by John Garang, who advocated the 'New Sudan' as a democratic and pluralistic state.Amir Ahmad Nasr. Reviving the 'New Sudan' vision' The 1994 National Convention of New Sudan (organized by SPLA/M) redefined 'New Sudan' as a system of governance for the regions under SPLM control.Guarak, Mawut Achiecque Mach. Integration and Fragmentation of the Sudan: An African Renaissance'. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2011. p. 383 After John Garang's death in 2005 and the independence of South Sudan in 2011, and the resulting decreased ethnic plurality, the New Sudan discourse became a less prominent feature in Sudanese politics. "New Sudan" during ong ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Garang
John Garang De Mabior (June 23, 1945 – July 30, 2005) was a Sudanese politician and revolutionary leader. From 1983 to 2005, he led the Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M, Now known as South Sudan People's Defense Forces) as a commander in chief during the Second Sudanese Civil War. He served as First Vice President of Sudan for three weeks, from the comprehensive peace agreement of 2005 until his death in a helicopter crash on July 30, 2005. A developmental economist by profession, Garang was one of the major influences on the movement that led to the foundation of South Sudan’s independence from the rule of Sudanese president Omar al-Bashir. Early life and education John Garang was born on 23 June 1945 into a poor family in Wangulei village, Twic East County, in the Upper Nile region of Sudan. A member of the Dinka ethnic group and an orphan by the age of ten, he had his fees for school paid by a relative, going to schools in Wau and then Rumbek. In 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kerubino Kuanyin Bol
Kerubino Kuanyin Bol (1948 – 9 September 1999) was a Sudanese rebel leader who was one of the founders of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) and one of the leaders of the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) during the Second Sudanese Civil War and was said to have fired the first shot in the war. Bol was arrested by the SPLA in 1987 after being accused of trying to overthow John Garang. In 1993, after being released, Bol's forces joined the SPLA splinter group SPLA-Nasir led by Riek Machar. He was shot and killed in 1999 under unclear circumstances. Biography Early life Bol was born in 1948 to Dinka parents in Twic County, Bahr al Ghazal province in the west of present-day South Sudan. He was educated at a Roman Catholic mission primary school, and went on to intermediate studies. In the 1960s, Bol joined the Anyanya separatist rebel group during the First Sudanese Civil War and later joined the Sudanese Armed Forces after the civil war ended in 1972. Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Sudan
South Sudan (), officially the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered on the north by Sudan; on the east by Ethiopia; on the south by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and Kenya; and on the west by the Central African Republic. South Sudan's diverse landscape includes vast plains and plateaus, dry and tropical savannahs, inland floodplains, and forested mountains. The Nile, Nile River system is the defining physical feature of the country, running south to north across its center, which is dominated by a large swamp known as the Sudd. South Sudan has a population of just over 12.7 million in 2024. Juba is the Capital city, capital and largest city. Sudan was occupied by History of Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty, Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty and governed as an Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Anglo-Egyptian condominium until Sudanese independence in 1956. Following the First Sudanese Civil War, the Southern Sudan Autonomous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comprehensive Peace Agreement
The Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA, ), also known as the Naivasha Agreement, was an accord signed on 9 January 2005, by the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) and the Government of Sudan. The CPA was meant to end the Second Sudanese Civil War, develop democratic governance countrywide, and share oil revenues. It also set a timetable for a Southern Sudanese independence referendum. The peace process was encouraged by the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), in addition to a "troika" of donor countries comprising the United States, United Kingdom, and Norway. Components The process resulted in the following agreements (also referred to as protocols): * The Machakos Protocol (or Chapter I), signed in Machakos, Kenya on 20 July 2002. Agreement on broad principles of government and governance. * The Protocol on Power Sharing (or Chapter II), signed in Naivasha, Kenya on 26 May 2004 * The Agreement on Wealth Sharing (or Chapter III), signed in Na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Legislative Assembly (South Sudan)
The Reconstituted Transitional National Legislative Assembly is the lower house of the Transitional National Legislature of South Sudan. Role The Transitional National Legislative Assembly exercises the following functions: *overseeing the performance of the National Government institutions; *approving plans, programmes and policies of the National Government; *approving budgets; *ratifying international treaties, conventions and agreements; *adopting resolutions on matters of public concern; *summoning Ministers to answer questions of members of the Assembly on matters related to their ministries; *interrogating Ministers about their performance or the performance of their ministries; *approving appointments as required by the Transitional Constitution or the law; *casting a vote of no confidence against the Vice President and any Minister; *enacting legislation to regulate the conditions and terms of service of the Judiciary and its oversight mechanisms; and *performing any ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SPLM Youth League
The SPLM Youth League (abbreviated SPLM-YL) is a youth organization in South Sudan, the youth wing of the ruling Sudan People's Liberation Movement The Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM; , ''Al-Ḥarakat ash-Shaʿbiyyat liTaḥrīr as-Sūdān'') is a political party in South Sudan. It was initially founded as the political wing of the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA; a key belli .... The SPLM-YL was confirmed as a functional body in 1990 in Kenya. The chairperson of the SPLM-YL was Akol Paul Kordit and as of 2017, Emmanuel Lubari Joseph become the second chairperson of SPLM-YL. following the current chairperson Cde Daniel Ali. References {{SouthSudan-stub Youth wings of political parties in South Sudan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
