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SCORE (satellite)
SCORE (Signal Communications by Orbiting Relay Equipment) was the world's first purpose-built communications satellite. Launched aboard an American Atlas (rocket family), Atlas rocket on December 18, 1958, SCORE provided the first broadcast of a human voice from space, the first successful use of the Atlas as a launch vehicle, and the second test of a communications relay system in space (after July's Pioneer 1),.) It captured world attention by broadcasting a Christmas message via shortwave radio from President of the United States, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower through an on-board tape recorder. The satellite was popularly dubbed "''The Talking Atlas''" as well as "Chatterbox". SCORE, as a geopolitical strategy, aimed to place the United States at an even technological par with the Soviet Union as a response to the Sputnik 1 and Sputnik 2 satellites. Background Project SCORE was to be the first orbital project to utilize the Atlas. SCORE, a six-month effort, was the fir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communications
Communication is commonly defined as the transmission of information. Its precise definition is disputed and there are disagreements about whether Intention, unintentional or failed transmissions are included and whether communication not only transmits semantics, meaning but also creates it. Models of communication are simplified overviews of its main components and their interactions. Many models include the idea that a source uses a code, coding system to express information in the form of a message. The message is sent through a Communication channel, channel to a receiver who has to decode it to understand it. The main field of inquiry investigating communication is called communication studies. A common way to classify communication is by whether information is exchanged between humans, members of other species, or non-living entities such as computers. For human communication, a central contrast is between Verbal communication, verbal and non-verbal communication. Verba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet Union, it dissolved in 1991. During its existence, it was the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country by area, extending across Time in Russia, eleven time zones and sharing Geography of the Soviet Union#Borders and neighbors, borders with twelve countries, and the List of countries and dependencies by population, third-most populous country. An overall successor to the Russian Empire, it was nominally organized as a federal union of Republics of the Soviet Union, national republics, the largest and most populous of which was the Russian SFSR. In practice, Government of the Soviet Union, its government and Economy of the Soviet Union, economy were Soviet-type economic planning, highly centralized. As a one-party state go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apsis
An apsis (; ) is the farthest or nearest point in the orbit of a planetary body about its primary body. The line of apsides (also called apse line, or major axis of the orbit) is the line connecting the two extreme values. Apsides pertaining to orbits around different bodies have distinct names to differentiate themselves from other apsides. Apsides pertaining to geocentric orbits, orbits around the Earth, are at the farthest point called the ''apogee'', and at the nearest point the ''perigee'', like with orbits of satellites and the Moon around Earth. Apsides pertaining to orbits around the Sun are named ''aphelion'' for the farthest and ''perihelion'' for the nearest point in a heliocentric orbit. Earth's two apsides are the farthest point, ''aphelion'', and the nearest point, ''perihelion'', of its orbit around the host Sun. The terms ''aphelion'' and ''perihelion'' apply in the same way to the orbits of Jupiter and the other planets, the comets, and the asteroids of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
R-7 Semyorka
The R-7 Semyorka (, GRAU index: 8K71) was a Soviet Union, Soviet missile developed during the Cold War, and the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile. The R-7 made 28 launches between 1957 and 1961. A derivative, the R-7A Semyorka, R-7A, was operational from 1960 to 1968. To the West it was unknown until its launch (later it would get the NATO reporting name SS-6 Sapwood). In modified form, it launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite, into orbit, and became the basis for the R-7 (rocket family), R-7 family which includes Sputnik (rocket), Sputnik, Luna (rocket), Luna, Molniya (rocket), Molniya, Vostok (rocket family), Vostok, and Voskhod (rocket), Voskhod Expendable launch system, space launchers, as well as later Soyuz (rocket family), Soyuz variants. Various modifications are still in use and it has become the world's most reliable space launcher. Description The R-7 was long, in diameter and weighed ; it had a single stage with four strap on boosters p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Score Atlas Rocket
SCORE may refer to: *SCORE (software), a music scorewriter program * SCORE (television), a weekend sports service of the defunct Financial News Network *SCORE! Educational Centers *SCORE International, an offroad racing organization *Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy, a regional development corridor in Malaysia *Singapore Corporation of Rehabilitative Enterprises, the former name of Yellow Ribbon Singapore, a statutory board under the Ministry of Home Affairs *Project SCORE, a communications satellite *Service Corps of Retired Executives, a mentorship program affiliated with the Small Business Administration See also *Score (other) *The Score (other) The Score may refer to: Films and television * ''The Score'' (1978 film), a 1978 Swedish film, released in Sweden as ''Lyftet'' * ''The Score'' (2001 film), a 2001 crime drama film starring Robert De Niro and Edward Norton * ''The Score'' (2005 ... * Scores (other) {{Disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Jersey
New Jersey is a U.S. state, state located in both the Mid-Atlantic States, Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States, Northeastern regions of the United States. Located at the geographic hub of the urban area, heavily urbanized Northeast megalopolis, it is bordered to the northwest, north, and northeast by New York (state), New York State; on its east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on its west by the Delaware River and Pennsylvania; and on its southwest by Delaware Bay and Delaware. At , New Jersey is the List of U.S. states and territories by area, fifth-smallest state in land area. According to a 2024 United States Census Bureau, U.S. Census Bureau estimate, it is the List of U.S. states and territories by population, 11th-most populous state, with over 9.5 million residents, its highest estimated count ever. The state capital is Trenton, New Jersey, Trenton, and the state's most populous city is Newark, New Jersey, Newark. New Jersey is the only U.S. stat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fort Monmouth
Fort Monmouth is a former installation of the Department of the Army in Monmouth County, New Jersey and the site of a major upcoming Netflix film production campus, alongside a variety of other redevelopment. The site is surrounded by the communities of Eatontown, New Jersey, Eatontown, Tinton Falls, New Jersey, Tinton Falls and Oceanport, New Jersey, Oceanport, New Jersey. It is about from the Atlantic Ocean and about a drive south of Manhattan. Location and background The fort is about a 10-minute drive from Seven Presidents Park, Seven Presidents Oceanfront Park and from Long Branch, New Jersey, Long Branch Beach on the Jersey Shore. The post covered nearly of land, from the Shrewsbury River on the east, to Route 35 (New Jersey), Route 35 on the west; this area was referred to as 'Main Post.' A separate area (Camp Charles Wood) to the west included post housing, a golf course, and additional office and laboratory facilities. A rail line, owned by Conrail, ran through Camp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Army Signal Research And Development Laboratory
The Signal Corps Laboratories (SCL) was a research installation under the command of the U.S. Army Signal Corps. Headquartered at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey, SCL directed research on electronics, radar, and communication systems for the U.S. Army. Throughout its history, SCL operated under many names as the organizational structure of the Signal Corps and the U.S. Army changed over time. History Post-World War I The Signal Corps Laboratories emerged as a result of declining economic conditions that compelled the U.S. Army Signal Corps to consolidate its widespread laboratories. By the late 1920s, the Signal Corps administered seven different major laboratories across the United States. In Washington, D.C., it had the Signal Corps Electrical Laboratory, the Signal Corps Meteorological Laboratory, the Signal Corps Research Laboratory at the National Bureau of Standards, and the Photographic Laboratory at Fort Humphreys (now Fort Lesley J. McNair). In addition, the Signal Corps ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christmas And Holiday Season
The Christmas season or the festive season, also known as the holiday season or the holidays, is an annual period generally spanning from November or December to early January. Incorporating Christmas Day and New Year's Day, the various celebrations during this time create a peak season for the retail sector (Christmas/holiday "shopping season") extending to the end of the period ("January sales"). Christmas window displays and Christmas tree lighting ceremonies are customary traditions in various locales. In Western Christianity, the Christmas season is traditionally synonymous with Christmastide, which runs from December 25 (Christmas Day) to January 5 ( Twelfth Night or Epiphany Eve), popularly known as the 12 Days of Christmas. Christmas in Italy is one of the country's major holidays and begins on 8 December, with the Feast of the Immaculate Conception, the day on which traditionally the Christmas tree is mounted and ends on 6 January, of the following year with the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Geophysical Year
The International Geophysical Year (IGY; ), also referred to as the third International Polar Year, was an international scientific project that lasted from 1 July 1957 to 31 December 1958. It marked the end of a long period during the Cold War when scientific interchange between East and West had been seriously interrupted. Sixty-seven countries participated in IGY projects, although one notable exception was the mainland China, People's Republic of China, which was protesting against the participation of the Republic of China (Taiwan). East and West agreed to nominate the Belgian Marcel Nicolet as secretary general of the associated international organization. The IGY encompassed fourteen Earth science disciplines: Auroral light, aurora, airglow, cosmic rays, Earth's magnetic field, geomagnetism, gravity, ionosphere, ionospheric physics, longitude and latitude determinations (precision mapping), meteorology, oceanography, Ionizing radiation, nuclear radiation, glaciology, seismo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intercontinental Ballistic Missile
An intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) is a ballistic missile with a range (aeronautics), range greater than , primarily designed for nuclear weapons delivery (delivering one or more Thermonuclear weapon, thermonuclear warheads). Conventional weapon, Conventional, Chemical weapon, chemical, and Biological agent, biological weapons can also be delivered with varying effectiveness, but have never been deployed on ICBMs. Most modern designs support multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle (MIRVs), allowing a single missile to carry several warheads, each of which can strike a different target. The Nuclear weapons of the United States, United States, Russia and weapons of mass destruction, Russia, China and weapons of mass destruction, China, France and weapons of mass destruction, France, India and weapons of mass destruction, India, the United Kingdom and weapons of mass destruction, United Kingdom, Nuclear weapons and Israel, Israel, and North Korea and weapons of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Store And Forward
Store and forward is a telecommunications technique in which information is sent to an intermediate station where it is kept and sent at a later time to the final destination or to another intermediate station. The intermediate station, or node in a networking context, verifies the integrity of the message before forwarding it. In general, this technique is used in networks with intermittent connectivity, especially in the wilderness or environments requiring high mobility. It may also be preferable in situations when there are long delays in transmission and error rates are variable and high, or if a direct, end-to-end connection is not available. Modern store and forward networking * Store and forward originates with delay-tolerant networks. No real-time services are available for these kinds of networks. * Logistical Networking is a scalable form of store and forward networking that exposes network-embedded buffers on intermediate nodes and allows flexible creation of serv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
