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Ribat Sharaf, Sarakhs, Iran, May 2013
A ribāṭ ( ar, رِبَـاط; hospice, hostel, base or retreat) is an Arabic term for a small fortification built along a frontier during the first years of the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb to house military volunteers, called ''murabitun'', and shortly after they also appeared along the Byzantine frontier, where they attracted converts from Greater Khorasan, an area that would become known as al-ʻAwāṣim in the ninth century CE. These fortifications later served to protect commercial routes, as caravanserais, and as centers for isolated Muslim communities as well as serving as places of piety. The word ''ribat'' in its abstract refers to voluntary defense of Islam, which is why ribats were originally used to house those who fought to defend Islam in jihad. They can also be referred to by other names such as ''khanqah'', most commonly used in Iran, and ''tekke'', most commonly used in Turkey. Classically, ribat referred to the guard duty at a frontier outpost in order ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TUNISIE MONASTIR RIBAT 02
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Sahara
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Rabad
Rabaḍ ( ar, ربض, rabaḍ, outskirts, suburb) refers to the suburbs of seventh- to eighth-century cities in Central Asia, including what is now the Turkistan Region in southern Kazakhstan, Iran, and Afghanistan. This term, in the Andalusian Arabic form of ''ʼar-rabḍa'', was borrowed into Spanish as '' arrabal/ arrabalde''. (At Google Books2nd edition(2001), .) City layout A typical ''qalʿat'' ("fortress") in Central Asia was based on a tripartite city model: citadel, ''shahristan'' (residential area inside the walls), and ''rabaḍ'' (suburb). This city model is valid not only for Central Asian city typology, but is also used to describe similar city types elsewhere in the Islamic world. See also * Rabat (other), Arabic word for 'fortified town' or 'suburb' *Ribat, Arabic word for Early Muslim frontier fort, later caravansary and Sufi retreat *Robat (other) Robat is a city in Kermanshah Province, Iran. ''Robat'' ( fa, رباط), the Farsi variant of Ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Caravanserais
A caravanserai was a roadside inn where caravans and travelers could rest overnight. They are typically constructed around a central courtyard, can be used as markets and are found from North Africa and the Aegean to India and Western China-although the majority are found between Iran and Turkey. Hundreds of these structures were built over the centuries. The following is a partial list: Albania * Elbasan Inn, Korçë, Albania Armenia * Orbelian's Caravanserai, Vayots Dzor Province Azerbaijan * Caravanserai of Masjid, Mashtaga, Baku * Ziyadlu Caravanserai, Baku * Gala Caravanserai, Baku * Dash Caravanserai, Gobustan District * Shirvanbey Caravanserai, Shamakhi District * Gurbulag, Ismailli District *Multani Caravanserai,Baku *Mahattin Caravanserai, Ganja * Kur River Caravanserai, Sabirabad District *Haji Nazar Caravanserai, Julfa District Croatia *Maškovića Han, Vrana, Zadar County Bosnia and Herzegovina *Morića Han, Sarajevo * Han Mehmed-paše Kukavice, Fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ksar
Ksar or qsar (Maghrebi Arabic: wiktionary:قصر, قصر ''qṣer'' or ڭصر ''gser'', plural ''qṣur''; Berber language, Berber: ⵉⴴⵔⵎ ''aghrem'' or ''ighrem'', plural: ''igherman''), plural ksars, qsars, ksour or qsour, is the North African term for "fortified village," from Arabic ''qaṣar'' (), itself possibly loaned from Latin ''castrum''. The term generally refers to a Berber fortified village. Related terms The origin of the Maghrebi Arabic term ''qsar'' is Qasr (other), ''qaṣar'' () in Modern Standard Arabic, Standard Arabic, which means "castle" or "palace"; this term is also found elsewhere in the Muslim world. See, for example, the Al-Andalus, Iberian ''alcázar''. The Berber language, Berber (Amazigh) original word for "ksar" used in North Africa by the Berber-speaking populations is ''aghrem'' (singular) or ''igherman'' (plural). In the Maghreb, the term has a more general meaning of "fortified village," or "fort". The Berber word ''ighe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khan (inn)
A caravanserai (or caravansary; ) was a roadside inn where travelers ( caravaners) could rest and recover from the day's journey. Caravanserais supported the flow of commerce, information and people across the network of trade routes covering Asia, North Africa and Southeast Europe, most notably the Silk Road. Often located along rural roads in the countryside, urban versions of caravanserais were also historically common in cities throughout the Islamic world, and were often called other names such as ''khan'', ''wikala'', or ''funduq''. Terms and etymology Caravanserai Caravanserai ( fa, کاروانسرای, ''kārvānsarāy''), is the Persian compound word variant combining ''kārvān'' "caravan" with ''-sarāy'' "palace", "building with enclosed courts". Here "caravan" means a group of traders, pilgrims or other travellers, engaged in long-distance travel. The word is also rendered as ''caravansary'', ''caravansaray'', ''caravanseray'', ''caravansara'', and ''caravansa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Awasim
''Al-ʿAwāṣim'' ( ar, العواصم, "the defences, fortifications"; sing. ''al-ʿāṣimah'', , "protectress") was the Arabic term used to refer to the Muslim side of the frontier zone between the Byzantine Empire and the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates in Cilicia, northern Syria and Upper Mesopotamia. It was established in the early 8th century, once the first wave of the Muslim conquests ebbed, and lasted until the mid-10th century, when it was overrun by the Byzantine advance. It comprised the forward marches, comprising a chain of fortified strongholds, known as ''al-thughūr'' (; sing. ''al-thagr'', , "cleft, opening"), and the rear or inner regions of the frontier zone, which was known as ''al-ʿawāṣim'' proper. On the Byzantine side, the Muslim marches were mirrored by the institution of the '' kleisourai'' districts and the ''akritai'' border guards. The term ''thughūr'' was also used in the marches of al-Andalus and Mawara al-Nahr, and survived in historical par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convent
A convent is a community of monks, nuns, religious brothers or, sisters or priests. Alternatively, ''convent'' means the building used by the community. The word is particularly used in the Catholic Church, Lutheran churches, and the Anglican Communion. Etymology and usage The term ''convent'' derives via Old French from Latin ''conventus'', perfect participle of the verb ''convenio'', meaning "to convene, to come together". It was first used in this sense when the eremitical life began to be combined with the cenobitical. The original reference was to the gathering of mendicants who spent much of their time travelling. Technically, a monastery is a secluded community of monastics, whereas a friary or convent is a community of mendicants (which, by contrast, might be located in a city), and a canonry is a community of canons regular. The terms abbey and priory can be applied to both monasteries and canonries; an abbey is headed by an abbot, and a priory is a lesser d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haqiqa
Haqiqa (Arabic "truth") is one of "the four stages" in Sufism, '' shari’a'' (exoteric path), ''tariqa'' (esoteric path), ''haqiqa'' (mystical truth) and '' marifa'' (final mystical knowledge, ''unio mystica''). The four stages Shariat Shari’a is Islamic law or Islamic jurisprudence as revealed in the Qur'an and Sunna. The first step in Sufism is following every aspect of the law perfectly. The purpose of this is to prove their love for God, by rigorous self-discipline and constant attention to their conduct. When the Sufi fully lives his or her life according to the Shari’a he or she is ready to progress to the second stage. This conformity to earthly rules is important because it recognizes that the spirit of a man or woman is affected by the actions of the body. In this way, bringing the body under the will of God also purifies the spirit and a pure spirit is essential for the second step. Tariqat ''Tariqa'' in Arabic means ''path'' and it denotes a Sufi brotherhoo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tariqa
A tariqa (or ''tariqah''; ar, طريقة ') is a school or order of Sufism, or specifically a concept for the mystical teaching and spiritual practices of such an order with the aim of seeking '' haqiqa'', which translates as "ultimate truth". A tariqa has a '' murshid'' (guide) who plays the role of leader or spiritual director. The members or followers of a tariqa are known as '' muridin'' (singular ''murid''), meaning "desirous", viz. "desiring the knowledge of God and loving God" (also called a '' fakir''). Tariqa is also believed to be the same as Tzadik of Judaism meaning the "rightly guided one". The metaphor of "way, path" is to be understood in connection of the term ''sharia'' which also has the meaning of "path", more specifically "well-trodden path; path to the waterhole". The "path" metaphor of ''tariqa'' is that of a further path, taken by the mystic, which continues from the "well-trodden path" or exoteric of ''sharia'' towards the esoteric ''haqiqa''. A fourt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ribat-i Sharaf
The Ribat of Sharaf ( fa, رباط شرف, , Robat-i Sharaf or Robat-e Sharaf) is a historical ribat, or rest place for travellers, located in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran, between Merv and Nishapur. Built in the 12th century (circa 1114), the building looks like a fortified rectangle from the exterior. The courtyard and four-iwan floorplan is that of the traditional standard Iranian mosque. The walls and the '' pishtaq'' (), the entrance way inside an iwan, are decorated with vegetal and geometric patterning that function to provide a good example of the "Textile Metaphor" seen in Islamic architecture of this era. The caravanserai consists of two inter-related four Iwan planned courtyards, famous for owning some of the most diverse and beautiful brick decorations in Iranian architecture. See also *Islamic architecture *Islamic art *Robat (other) *Timeline of Islamic history This timeline of Islamic history relates the Gregorian and Islamic calendars in the his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rabati Malik
Rabati Malik, also called Ribat-i Malik, is a caravanserai ruin located on the M37 road from Samarkand to Bukhara about a kilometer west of the edge of Malik, Navoiy Province, Uzbekistan. It was constructed along the Silk Road according to the orders of Karakhanid Shams al-Mulk Nasr, son of Tamgachkhan Ibragim, who ruled in Samarkand from 1068 until 1080. Site description The portal of the ''caravanserai'' – which is one of the most ancient places among the Central Asia portals – peshtak with the central lancet arch of the niche in which there is a rectangular doorway. The arch concludes with a П-shaped frame, executed from carved terracotta in the form of eight final stars connected with each other, limited by intertwining tapes. The ring is decorated by Arabic inscriptions. On overhanging walls, under the layers of repair plaster, the remains of ancient ganched plasters with figures of vegetative characters are traced. The portal, as well as all ''caravanserais'', has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
