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Rectal Microbicide
A rectal microbicide is a microbicide for rectal use. Most commonly such a product would be a topical gel inserted into the anus so that it make act as protection against the contract of a sexually transmitted infection during anal sex. Along with vaginal microbicides, rectal microbicides are currently the subject of medical research on microbicides for sexually transmitted diseases to determine the circumstances under which and the extent to which they provide protection against infection. Less commonly, rectal microbicides can have other purposes also; for example, they could be used to treat certain medical conditions as a suppository would. History Early development of topical microbicides starting around 1998 focused on preventing of HIV transmission during vaginal intercourse. The entire field lacks a proof of concept that a vaginal microbicide exists. As of 2008, 16 topical microbicides entered phase I or II clinical trial and 7 advanced to an additional trial. Previous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microbicide
An antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms or stops their growth. Antimicrobial medicines can be grouped according to the microorganisms they act primarily against. For example, antibiotics are used against bacteria, and antifungals are used against fungi. They can also be classified according to their function. Agents that kill microbes are microbicides, while those that merely inhibit their growth are called bacteriostatic agents. The use of antimicrobial medicines to treat infection is known as antimicrobial chemotherapy, while the use of antimicrobial medicines to prevent infection is known as antimicrobial prophylaxis. The main classes of antimicrobial agents are disinfectants (non-selective agents, such as bleach), which kill a wide range of microbes on non-living surfaces to prevent the spread of illness, antiseptics (which are applied to living tissue and help reduce infection during surgery), and antibiotics (which destroy microorganisms within the body). The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Rectal Microbicide Advocates
International Rectal Microbicide Advocates (IRMA) is an international non-profit organization which promotes awareness of rectal microbicides. History The International Rectal Microbicide Advocates was formed in 2005 through a collaboration between the Canadian AIDS Society, the AIDS Foundation of Chicago, and the Community HIV/AIDS Mobilization Project (which disbanded in 2011). No other advocacy group existed – or currently exists – whose focus is on rectal microbicide A rectal microbicide is a microbicide for rectal use. Most commonly such a product would be a topical gel inserted into the anus so that it make act as protection against the contract of a sexually transmitted infection during anal sex. Along wi ... research and development. Activities IRMA has reviewed and encouraged research into the safety of personal lubricants for anal sex. In an effort to raise awareness and advocacy for lubricants, IRMA issued the Global Lube Access Mobilisation (GLAM) Toolkit to h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microbicides
An antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms or stops their growth. Antimicrobial medicines can be grouped according to the microorganisms they act primarily against. For example, antibiotics are used against bacteria, and antifungals are used against fungi. They can also be classified according to their function. Agents that kill microbes are microbicides, while those that merely inhibit their growth are called bacteriostatic agents. The use of antimicrobial medicines to treat infection is known as antimicrobial chemotherapy, while the use of antimicrobial medicines to prevent infection is known as antimicrobial prophylaxis. The main classes of antimicrobial agents are disinfectants (non-selective agents, such as bleach), which kill a wide range of microbes on non-living surfaces to prevent the spread of illness, antiseptics (which are applied to living tissue and help reduce infection during surgery), and antibiotics (which destroy microorganisms within the body). The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
POZ (magazine)
''POZ'' is a magazine that chronicles the lives of people affected by HIV/AIDS. Its website, POZ.com, has daily HIV/AIDS news, treatment information, forums, blogs, and personals. History and profile The magazine was founded in 1994 by Sean Strub, an HIV-positive and openly gay businessman and activist. Before launching ''POZ'', Strub was involved with numerous social issues, including politics, environmentalism, civil rights, LGBT rights, and HIV/AIDS. He is now executive director of the Sero Project, which focuses on ending inappropriate criminal prosecutions of people with HIV. ''POZ'' is published by Smart + Strong, which also publishes ''AIDSmeds.com'', a website for HIV/AIDS treatment information; ''Real Health'', a magazine and website for African-American African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American" generally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taboo
A taboo or tabu is a social group's ban, prohibition, or avoidance of something (usually an utterance or behavior) based on the group's sense that it is excessively repulsive, sacred, or allowed only for certain persons.''Encyclopædia Britannica Online''.Taboo. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2012. Retrieved 21 Mar. 2012 Such prohibitions are present in virtually all societies. Taboos may be prohibited explicitly, for example within a legal system or religion, or implicitly, for example by social norms or conventions followed by a particular culture or organization. Taboos are often meant to protect the individual, but there are other reasons for their development. An ecological or medical background is apparent in many, including some that are seen as religious or spiritual in origin. Taboos can help use a resource more efficiently, but when applied to only a subsection of the community they can also serve to suppress said subsection of the community. A taboo acknowledged by a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emtricitabine/tenofovir
Emtricitabine/tenofovir, sold under the brand name Truvada among others, is a fixed-dose combination antiretroviral medication used to treat and prevent HIV/AIDS. It contains the antiretroviral medications emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil. For treatment, it must be used in combination with other antiretroviral medications. For prevention before exposure, in those who are at high risk, it is recommended along with safer sex practices. It does not cure HIV/AIDS. Emtricitabine/tenofovir is taken by mouth. Common side effects include headache, tiredness, trouble sleeping, abdominal pain, weight loss, and rash. Serious side effects may include high blood lactate levels and enlargement of the liver. Use of this medication during pregnancy does not appear to harm the baby, but has not been well studied. Emtricitabine/tenofovir was approved for medical use in the United States in 2004. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In the United State ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macaques
The macaques () constitute a genus (''Macaca'') of sociality, gregarious Old World monkeys of the subfamily Cercopithecinae. The 23 species of macaques inhabit species distribution, ranges throughout Asia, North Africa, and (in barbary macaques in Gibraltar, one instance) Gibraltar. Macaques are principally frugivore, frugivorous (preferring fruit), although their diet also includes seeds, leaves, flowers, and tree bark. Some species, such as the crab-eating macaque, subsist on a diet of invertebrates and occasionally small vertebrates. On average, southern pig-tailed macaques in Malaysia eat about 70 large rats each per year. All macaque social groups are matriarchy, matriarchal, arranged around dominant females. Macaques are found in a variety of habitats throughout the Asian continent and are highly adaptation, adaptable. Certain species have learned to synanthrope, live with humans and have become invasive in some human settlement, human-settled built environment, environment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Global Campaign For Microbicides
Global Campaign for Microbicides (GCM) is a non-profit organization which promotes the development and use of microbicides to improve health. The campaign is housed at PATH in Seattle. History The Global Campaign for Microbicides was founded in 1998 at the XII International AIDS Conference. The GCM has awarded several grants, and reviewers include decorated reproductive endocrinologists such as Dr. John Jain. Projects When the microbicide nonoxynol-9 Nonoxynol-9, sometimes abbreviated as N-9, is an organic compound that is used as a surfactant. It is a member of the nonoxynol family of nonionic surfactants. N-9 and related compounds are ingredients in various cleaning and cosmetic products ... was found to be associated with increased risk of contracting HIV, the GCM led an effort to raise awareness that it should not longer be used. References External links * {{Microbicides for sexually transmitted diseases Microbicides Non-profit organizations based in Seattle O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Community HIV/AIDS Mobilization Program
The Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs (CCP) was founded over 30 years ago by Phyllis Tilson Piotrow as a part the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health's department of Health, Behavior, and Society and is located in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. CCP's goal is to advance the science of communication in order to improve health outcomes and save lives through programs such as knowledge management, social and behavior change communication, training and capacity building, strategic advocacy, Entertainment-Education and research and evaluation. The Center for Communication Programs works in over 60 countries, like Angola, Bangladesh, Botswana, Côte d'Ivoire, Nigeria ( Centre for Communication Programs Nigeria), and Ethiopia. CCP aims to improve a span of health issues such as HIV/AIDS, malaria, reproductive health, family planning, water and sanitation, tobacco control, nutrition, avian and pandemic influenza, maternal and child health, and gender. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canadian AIDS Society
The Canadian AIDS Society (CAS) operates as a national Charitable organization (Canada), charitable organization, functioning as a coalition representing various community-based AIDS service organization, AIDS Service Organizations (ASOs) across Canada. CAS serves as a unified voice for these ASOs, advocating for their collective interests and coordinating efforts to address HIV/AIDS in Canada, HIV/AIDS at the national level. Established on May 12, 1987, in response to the growing HIV/AIDS in Canada, HIV/AIDS crisis in Canada, CAS was founded by local grassroots organizations with the aim of enhancing community-based efforts and serving as a national representative. It officially incorporated as a non-profit charity on April 1, 1988, relocating to Ottawa to establish a central base for engaging with governmental organizations. History Establishment The Canadian AIDS Society (CAS) was established in response to the growing HIV/AIDS in Canada, HIV/AIDS crisis in Canada during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AIDS Foundation Of Chicago
AIDS Foundation of Chicago is a locally based, non-profit organization that advocates for HIV/AIDS prevention as well as serves as a general resource for the HIV/AIDS community. Founded in 1985, some of their better-known accomplishments include hosting fundraisers to support the distribution of HIV/AIDS related medications in the city, funding the Open Door Health Center, and launching their “Getting to Zero” plan. Their cause seeks to increase the amount of resources available to the HIV/AIDS community as resources are too few and far between. Similar to other city organizations focused on sexual health such as Howard Brown Health, AFC makes getting access to treatment easier for all patients, decreases the stigma around treatment, and promotes the awareness and acceptance of those who live with HIV and/or AIDS. History The AIDS Foundation of Chicago was founded in 1985. In 2012, the organization established community-based HIV testing and set up partnerships with medical ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carrageenan
Carrageenans or carrageenins ( ; ) are a family of natural linear sulfated polysaccharides that are extracted from red edible seaweeds. Carrageenans are widely used in the food industry, for their gelling, thickening, and stabilizing properties. Their main application is in dairy and meat products, due to their strong binding to food proteins. In recent years, carrageenans have emerged as a promising candidate in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications as they resemble native glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). They have been mainly used for tissue engineering, wound coverage and drug delivery. Carrageenans contain 15-40% ester-sulfate content, which makes them anionic polysaccharides. They can be mainly categorized into three different classes based on their sulfate content. Kappa-carrageenan has one sulfate group per disaccharide, iota-carrageenan has two, and lambda-carrageenan has three. The most well-known and most important red seaweed used for manufacturing the hy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
