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Réseau Félix Trombe
The réseau Félix-Trombe or Coume Ouarnède is an underground karst network formed by a succession of wells and galleries dug into the limestone. It is a mythical network for speleologists from all over the world. It takes its name from a famous French speleologist: Félix Trombe. Geography The ''réseau Félix-Trombe'' is located on the Arbas massif in the Pyrénées, south of the département in the région Occitanie. The network The Félix-Trombe network is the longest underground network in France with kilometres of galleries and 61 entrances. With the Henne Morte (), it makes the Réseau Félix Trombe-Henne Morte. It is a complex cavity due to its significant overall difference in altitude () and its numerous entrances. On 15 and 16 September 2001 in 22 hours, about twenty cavers travelled the entire network from the former highest point (the Gouffre de la Coquille) to the lowest point of the network (the Goueil di Her). The main cavities that make up this network ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arbas
Arbas (''Arbàs'' in Occitan) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France. Population See also *Communes of the Haute-Garonne department The following is a list of the 586 communes in the French department of Haute-Garonne. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2025): References Communes of Haute-Garonne {{SaintGaudens-geo-stub ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlantic, North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and List of islands of France, many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean, giving it Exclusive economic zone of France, one of the largest discontiguous exclusive economic zones in the world. Metropolitan France shares borders with Belgium and Luxembourg to the north; Germany to the northeast; Switzerland to the east; Italy and Monaco to the southeast; Andorra and Spain to the south; and a maritime border with the United Kingdom to the northwest. Its metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea. Its Regions of France, eighteen integral regions—five of which are overseas—span a combined area of and hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limestone
Limestone is a type of carbonate rock, carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material Lime (material), lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different Polymorphism (materials science), crystal forms of calcium carbonate . Limestone forms when these minerals Precipitation (chemistry), precipitate out of water containing dissolved calcium. This can take place through both biological and nonbiological processes, though biological processes, such as the accumulation of corals and shells in the sea, have likely been more important for the last 540 million years. Limestone often contains fossils which provide scientists with information on ancient environments and on the evolution of life. About 20% to 25% of sedimentary rock is carbonate rock, and most of this is limestone. The remaining carbonate rock is mostly Dolomite (rock), dolomite, a closely related rock, which contains a high percentage of the mineral Dolomite (mine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Félix Trombe
Félix Trombe (1906–1985) was a French engineer and speleologist. He was born in Nogent and died in Ganties. He is best known for his pioneering work in passive solar building design with the Trombe wall, which bears his name. He is also credited with hypothesizing passive daytime radiative cooling in 1967. Mont-Louis Solar Furnace In 1949 Trombe directed the construction of the experimental 50 kW Mont-Louis Solar Furnace in the Pyrénées-Orientales for high temperature experiments in physics and chemistry. In 1962, a 1000 kW solar furnace was built in Odeillo. Speleology In 1934, Félix Trombe explored the underground Comminges. In 1945, he was a member of the caving commission of the French National Centre for Scientific Research and another commission of the French National Committee of Geodesy and Geophysics. He supported René Jeannel in 1948 during the creation of the National Committee of Speleology, which would become the French Federation of S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyrenees
The Pyrenees are a mountain range straddling the border of France and Spain. They extend nearly from their union with the Cantabrian Mountains to Cap de Creus on the Mediterranean coast, reaching a maximum elevation of at the peak of Aneto. For the most part, the main crest forms a divide between Spain and France, with the microstate of Andorra sandwiched in between. Historically, the Crown of Aragon and the Kingdom of Navarre extended on both sides of the mountain range. Etymology In Greek mythology, Pyrene is a princess who gave her name to the Pyrenees. The Greek historian Herodotus says Pyrene is the name of a town in Celtic Europe. According to Silius Italicus, she was the virgin daughter of Bebryx, a king in Mediterranean Gaul by whom the hero Hercules was given hospitality during his quest to steal the cattle of Geryon during his famous Labours. Hercules, characteristically drunk and lustful, violates the sacred code of hospitality and rapes his host's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Departments Of France
In the administrative divisions of France, the department (, ) is one of the three levels of government under the national level ("territorial collectivity, territorial collectivities"), between the Regions of France, administrative regions and the Communes of France, communes. There are a total of 101 departments, consisting of ninety-six departments in metropolitan France, and five Overseas department and region, overseas departments, which are also classified as overseas regions. Departments are further subdivided into 333 Arrondissements of France, arrondissements and 2,054 Cantons of France, cantons (as of 2023). These last two levels of government have no political autonomy, instead serving as the administrative basis for the local organisation of police, fire departments, and, in certain cases, elections. Each department is administered by an elected body called a departmental council (France), departmental council ( , ). From 1800 to April 2015, these were called gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regions Of France
France is divided into eighteen administrative regions (, singular ), of which thirteen are located in metropolitan France (in Europe), while the other five are overseas regions (not to be confused with the overseas collectivities, which have a semi-autonomous status). All of the thirteen metropolitan administrative regions (including Corsica ) are further subdivided into two to thirteen administrative departments, with the prefect of each region's administrative centre's department also acting as the regional prefect. The overseas regions administratively consist of only one department each and hence also have the status of overseas departments. Most administrative regions also have the status of regional territorial collectivities, which comes with a local government, with departmental and communal collectivities below the regional level. The exceptions are Corsica, French Guiana, Mayotte and Martinique, where region and department functions are managed by single l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Occitania (administrative Region)
Occitania ( ; ; ) is the southernmost Regions of France, administrative region of metropolitan France excluding Corsica, located on the southwest of the country, created on 1 January 2016 from the former regions of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées. The Conseil d'État (France), Council of State approved Occitania as the new name of the region on 28 September 2016, coming into effect on 30 September 2016. The modern administrative region is named after the larger cultural and historical region of Occitania, which corresponds with the southern third of France. The region of Occitania as it is today covers a territory similar to that ruled by the Count of Toulouse, Counts of Toulouse in the 12th and 13th centuries. The banner of arms of the Counts of Toulouse, known colloquially as the Occitan cross, is used by the modern region and is also a popular cultural symbol. In 2022, Occitania had a population of 6,080,731. Toponymy Enacted in 2014, the territorial reform of Fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Caves In France
The following article shows a List of caves in France: Caves * Aven Armand * Bédeilhac Cave * Bétharram caves * Bournillon cave, the highest cave opening in Europe. * Bruniquel Cave, an archaeological site dated at 176,000 years with stalagmite rings constructed by Neanderthal men * , near Carcassonne (city) * Chauvet Cave, and its replica (for protection) Pont-d'Arc cave * Choranche cave * Les Combarelles cave * Cosquer Cave, only sub-marine access), (its replica is in construction). * Grotte des Demoiselles, near Nîmes * Grotte des Fées cave * Font-de-Gaume cave, near Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil * , * Gargas caves * Gournier Cave * Gouy Cave * , near Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil * Lascaux Cave * , near Nice (city) * Lombrives caves, this cave network is one of the most extensive in Europe and has seven distinct levels * La Mansonnière cave, one of the longest chalk caves * Pech Merle cave * Niaux cave * Aven d'Orgnac * Padirac Cave * Savonnières caves * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Caves
This is a list of caves of the world that have articles or that are properly cited. They are sorted by continent and then country. Caves which are in overseas territories on a different continent than the home country are sorted by the territory's continent and name. Africa Algeria * Aïn Taïba * Anou Achra Lemoun * Anou Boussouil * Anou Ifflis * Anou Timedouine * Gueldaman caves * Ghar Boumâaza (Rivière De La Tafna) * Grotte de Cervantes * Kef Al Kaous Botswana * Gcwihaba * Tsodilo#Rhino Cave, Rhino Cave Cameroon * Gouffre de Mbilibekon * Grottes de Linté * Grotte de Loung * Grotte de Mfouda * Grotte FovuFovu à Baham – Les grottes sacrées des Hautes Terres de L'Ouest Cameroun Grottesducameroun.org. Retrieved 15 September 2011. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Longest Caves
This list of longest caves includes caves in which the combined length of documented passageways exceeds . In some of these caves, passageways are still being discovered. Geographical distribution Caves are found around the world. The largest form in areas of karst landforms whose rocks dissolve easily. Preferable conditions for karst cave formation are adequate precipitation, enough plants and animals to produce ample carbon dioxide, and a landscape of gentle hills which drains slowly. The highest concentrations of long caves in the world are found in the Pennyroyal Plateau of southern Kentucky, United States, in the Black Hills of South Dakota, United States, and in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. List See also * List of caves * List of longest caves by country * List of longest Dinaric caves * List of deepest caves * Show cave * Speleology External links World's Deepest CavesWorld's Longest Caves References {{DEFAULTSORT:Longest Caves Longest Caves Cave ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Speleology
Speleology () is the scientific study of caves and other karst features, as well as their chemical composition, composition, structure, physical property, physical properties, history, ecology, and the processes by which they form (speleogenesis) and change over time (speleomorphology). The term ''speleology'' is also sometimes applied to the recreational activity of exploration, exploring caves, but this is more properly known as ''caving'', ''potholing'' (British English), or ''spelunking'' (United States and Canadian English). Speleology and caving are often connected, as the physical skills required for ''in situ'' study are the same. Speleology is a cross-disciplinary field that combines the knowledge of chemistry, biology, geology, physics, meteorology, and cartography to develop portraits of caves as complex, evolving systems. History Before modern speleology developed, John Beaumont (geologist), John Beaumont wrote detailed descriptions of some Mendip Hills, Mendip c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
