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Ruth (biblical Figure)
Ruth (; ) is the person after whom the Book of Ruth is named. She was a Moabite woman who married an Israelite, Mahlon and Chilion, Mahlon. After the death of all the male members of her family (her husband, her father-in-law, and her brother-in-law), she stayed with her mother-in-law, Naomi (biblical figure), Naomi, and moved to Judah with her, where Ruth won the love and protection of a wealthy relative, Boaz, through her kindness. She is the great-grandmother of David. She is one of five women mentioned in the genealogy of Jesus found in the Gospel of Matthew, alongside Tamar (Genesis), Tamar, Rahab, the "wife of Uriah the Hittite, Uriah" (Bathsheba), and Mary, mother of Jesus, Mary. The story of Ruth as told in the Book of Ruth was likely written in Biblical Hebrew, Hebrew during the Persian Empire, Persian period (550–330 BCE). Scholars generally consider the book to be a work of historical fiction, while other scholars, including evangelical scholars, hold that it is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruth (Hayez)
''Ruth'' is an 1853 oil painting by the Italian artist Francesco Hayez. It depicts the biblical figure of Ruth, a Moab woman who married the Israelite Mahlon and was the great-grandmother of King David. Hayez was a noted painter of the romantic style. Commissioned by Severino Bonora from Bologna, the painting is sometimes incorrectly dated to 1835. It is now in the collection of the Pinacoteca Nazionale di Bologna The National Art Gallery of Bologna (''Pinacoteca Nazionale di Bologna'') is a museum in Bologna, Italy. It is located in the former Saint Ignatius Jesuit novitiate of the city's University district, and inside the same building that houses the ....https://www.museidiasti.com/en/the-greatest-exponent-of-italian-romanticism-at-mazzetti-palace-francesco-hayez/ References Bibliography * Bernini, Emma & Rota, Roberta. ''Il Settecento e l'Ottocento''. Laterza, 2002. * Pardes, Ilana. ''Ruth: A Migrant's Tale''. Yale University Press, 2022. 1853 paintings Paint ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biblical Hebrew
Biblical Hebrew ( or ), also called Classical Hebrew, is an archaic form of the Hebrew language, a language in the Canaanite languages, Canaanitic branch of the Semitic languages spoken by the Israelites in the area known as the Land of Israel, roughly west of the Jordan River and east of the Mediterranean Sea. The term 'Hebrew' was not used for the language in the Hebrew Bible, which was referred to as 'language of Canaan' or 'Judean', but it was used in Koine Greek and Mishnaic Hebrew texts. The Hebrew language is attested in inscriptions from about the 10th century BCE, when it was almost identical to Phoenician language, Phoenician and other Canaanite languages, and spoken Hebrew persisted through and beyond the Second Temple period, which ended in 70 CE with the siege of Jerusalem (70 CE), siege of Jerusalem. It eventually developed into Mishnaic Hebrew, which was spoken until the 5th century. The language of the Hebrew Bible reflects various stages of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Targum
A targum (, ''interpretation'', ''translation'', ''version''; plural: targumim) was an originally spoken translation of the Hebrew Bible (also called the ) that a professional translator ( ''mǝṯurgǝmān'') would give in the common language of the listeners when that was not Biblical Hebrew. This had become necessary near the end of the first century BCE, as the common language was Aramaic and Hebrew was used for little more than schooling and worship. The translator frequently expanded his translation with paraphrases, explanations and examples, so it became a kind of sermon. Writing down the targum was initially prohibited; nevertheless, some targumitic writings appeared as early as the middle of the first century. They were not recognized as authoritative by the religious leaders. Some subsequent Jewish traditions, beginning with the Jews of Lower Mesopotamia, accepted the written targumim as authoritative translations of the Hebrew scriptures into Aramaic. Today, the com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English Standard Version
The English Standard Version (ESV) is a translation of the Bible in contemporary English. Published in 2001 by Crossway, the ESV was "created by a team of more than 100 leading evangelical scholars and pastors." The ESV relies on recently published critical editions of the original Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek texts. Crossway says that the ESV continues a legacy of precision and faithfulness in translating the original text into English. It describes the ESV as a translation that adheres to an "essentially literal" translation philosophy, taking into account "differences in grammar, syntax, and idiom between current literary English and the original languages." It also describes the ESV as a translation that "emphasizes 'word-for-word' accuracy, literary excellence, and depth of meaning." Since its official publication, the ESV has received endorsement from numerous evangelical pastors and theologians, including John Piper and R. C. Sproul. History Pre-publication Duri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yibbum
''Yibbum'' (, ) is the form of levirate marriage found in Judaism. As specified by , the brother of a man who died without children is permitted and encouraged to marry the widow. However, if either of the parties refuses to go through with the marriage, both are required to go through a ceremony known as '' halizah'', involving a symbolic act of renunciation of their right to perform this marriage. Jewish law (''halakha'') has seen a gradual decline of ''yibbum'' in favor of ''halizah'', to the point where in most contemporary Jewish communities, and in Israel by mandate of the Chief Rabbinate, ''yibbum'' is prohibited. In the Hebrew Bible The Torah prohibits sexual relations by a man with his brother's wife, but ''yibbum'' is an exception to this rule. The surviving brother is given a choice to take his responsibility as a goel by fulfilling the yibbum obligation, or to perform '' halizah'', though the latter choice is described by the verse disfavorably. The brother who ag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orpah
Orpah ( ''ʿOrpā'', meaning "neck" or "fawn") is a woman mentioned in the Book of Ruth in the Hebrew Bible The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh (;"Tanach" . '' Moab and was the daughter-in-law of Naomi and wife of Chilion. After the death of her husband, Orpah and her sister-in-law Ruth wished to go to Judea with Naomi. However, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bethlehem
Bethlehem is a city in the West Bank, Palestine, located about south of Jerusalem, and the capital of the Bethlehem Governorate. It had a population of people, as of . The city's economy is strongly linked to Tourism in the State of Palestine, tourism, especially during the Christmas period, when Christians embark on a pilgrimage to the Church of the Nativity, which is revered as the location of the birth of Jesus. A possible first mention of Bethlehem is in the Amarna letters, Amarna correspondence of ancient Egypt, dated to 1350–1330 BCE, although that reading is uncertain. In the Hebrew Bible, the period of the Israelites is described; it identifies Bethlehem as the birthplace of David. In the New Testament, the city is identified as the birthplace of Jesus, Jesus of Nazareth. Under the Roman Empire, the city of Bethlehem was destroyed by Hadrian, but later rebuilt by Constantine the Great, who commissioned the Church of the Nativity in 327 CE. In 529, the Church of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elimelech
Death of Elimelech and his two sons Elimelech is a biblical figure mentioned in the Book of Ruth. According to the The Jewish Encyclopedia, Elimelech is a descendant of the Tribe of Judah, and was the husband of Naomi and the father of Machalon and Chilyon. The family lived in Bethlehem in Judea. Due to famine, Elimelech and his family left the Land of Israel and settled in Moab, where he died. His children, Machalon and Chilyon, married two Moabite women, Ruth and Arpah. When Elimelech's two sons later died, Naomi and Ruth returned to Bethlehem. Ruth later married Boaz, a relative of Elimelech. Talmud and Midrash According to the Talmud, Elimelch was the son of Nachshon Ben Aminadav, the Nasi of the Tribe of Judah. Bava Basra 91a. Regarding him and why he left the Land of Israel, Chazal said: "Elimelech was a great man and leader of his generation. When the years of hunger came he said: Now all the Jews will wander from door to door collecting and they'll come to my d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tribes Of Israel
The Twelve Tribes of Israel ( , ) are described in the Hebrew Bible as being the descendants of Jacob, a Hebrew patriarch who was a son of Isaac and thereby a grandson of Abraham. Jacob, later known as Israel, had a total of twelve sons, from whom each tribe's ancestry and namesake is derived: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph, and Benjamin. Collectively known as the Israelites, they inhabited a part of Canaan—the Land of Israel—during the Iron Age. Their history, society, culture, and politics feature heavily in the Abrahamic religions, especially Judaism. In the biblical narrative, after Moses oversaw the Israelites' departure from Egypt, he died and was succeeded by Joshua, who led the conquest of Canaan and subsequently allotted territory for all but the Tribe of Levi, which was instead dedicated 48 cities. This development culminated in the establishment of Israel and Judah, purportedly beginning with a Kingdo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biblical Judges
The judges (sing. , pl. ) whose stories are recounted in the Hebrew Bible, primarily in the Book of Judges, were individuals who served as military leaders of the tribes of Israel in times of crisis, in the period before the monarchy was established. Role A cyclical pattern is regularly recounted in the Book of Judges to show the need for the various judges: apostasy of the Israelite people, hardship brought on as divine retribution, and crying out to Yahweh for rescue. Consequently, the God chooses a judge from a certain tribe of Israel who rescues the people from the divine retribution, usually enemies, and establishes justice. While ''judge'' is a literalistic translation of the term '' shophet'' used in the Masoretic Text (as well as by other Canaanitic-speaking societies), the position as described in Judges 12:7–15 is an unelected non-hereditary leadership rather than a position of legal pronouncements. Cyrus H. Gordon argued the shophetim may have come from among ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New International Commentary On The Old Testament
The New International Commentary on the Old Testament is a series of commentaries in English on the text of the Old Testament in Hebrew. It is published by the William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. The series editors are Robert L. Hubbard, Jr. and Bill T. Arnold. The NICOT covers all 39 books of the Old Testament with the exceptions of Exodus, 1 & 2 Kings, 1 & 2 Chronicles, Esther, and Daniel. Volumes * * * * * * (projected future volume) ** replaced * * * ** Replaced * * * ** Replaced * * * * * * * * * ** Replaced * * * * * ** Replaced * Nogalski, James D. (2024). ''The Book of Micah''. . ** Replaced * * ** Replaced * * ** Replaced Physical Parameters The original hardcover editions published during the 1970s through 1990 were characterized by a distinctive dark gray cloth binding with a scarlet field and gold lettering on the spine, and the individual volumes were approximately in width, in height, and of variable thickness. Beginning in c. 1993, the hardbac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historical Narrative
Narrative history is the practice of writing history in a story-based form. It tends to entail history-writing based on reconstructing series of short-term events, and ever since the influential work of Leopold von Ranke on professionalising history-writing in the nineteenth century, it has been associated with empiricism. The term ''narrative history'' thus overlaps with the term ''histoire événementielle'' ('event-history') coined by Fernand Braudel in the early twentieth century, as he promoted forms of history-writing analysing much longer-term trends (what he called the ''longue durée'').''A Dictionary of Cultural and Critical Theory'', ed. by Michael Payne and Jessica Rae Barbera, 2nd edn (Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013), s.v. 'Braudel, Fernand' (p. 90). Though history is considered a social science, the story-based nature of history allows for the inclusion of a greater or lesser degree of narration in addition to an analytical or interpretative exposition of historic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
