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Ruda, Ruda Śląska
Ruda () is a district in the north-west of Ruda Śląska, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has an area of 11.9 km2 and in 2006 it was inhabited by 23,134 people. History The village was first mentioned in a Latin document of Diocese of Wrocław called ''Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis'' from around 1305 as ''item in Ruda sunt L mansi parvi, de quibus scultetus habet VI), alii deserviunt domino episcopo. Decima de omni grano. Et scultetus solvit ) marcam de molendino suo.''. The village belonged initially to the Duchy of Bytom, a fee of the Kingdom of Bohemia, which after 1526 became a part of the Habsburg monarchy. After the Silesian Wars the area became a part of the Kingdom of Prussia. Between 1816 and 1908 the biggest zinc smelter in Europe, "Carlshütte", operated in Ruda. It was accompanied by numerous other industrial establishments. After World War I in the Upper Silesia plebiscite 6,212 out of 10,352 voters in ''Ruda'' voted in favour of joini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruda Śląska
Ruda Śląska (; ) is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. It is a city in the Metropolis GZM, a metropolis with a population of two million. It is in the Silesian Highlands, on the Kłodnica River (tributary of the Oder). It has been part of the Silesian Voivodeship since its formation in 1999. Previously, it was in Katowice Voivodeship, and before then, part of the Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship. Ruda Śląska is one of the cities in the Katowice urban area (population 2.7 million) and within the greater Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area (population 5,294,000). The population of the city is 135,008 (December 2021). History A large village is known to have existed at the location of the present day city center in 1243. The city name appears to indicate the awareness and perhaps exploitation of ores from early times. The area underwent rapid industrialization (coal, steel, zinc) in the 19th and the beginning of 20th century. However, it remained a clu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg monarchy, also known as Habsburg Empire, or Habsburg Realm (), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities (composite monarchy) that were ruled by the House of Habsburg. From the 18th century it is also referred to as the Austrian monarchy, the Austrian Empire () or the Danubian monarchy. The history of the Habsburg monarchy can be traced back to the election of Rudolf I of Germany, Rudolf I as King of the Romans, King of Germany in 1273 and his acquisition of the Duchy of Austria for the Habsburgs in 1282. In 1482, Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian I acquired the Habsburg Netherlands, Netherlands through marriage. Both realms passed to his grandson and successor, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, who also inherited the Monarchy of Spain, Spanish throne and Spanish Empire, its colonial possessions, and thus came to rule the Habsburg empire at its greatest territorial extent. The abdication of Charles V in 1556 led ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chebzie
Chebzie () is a district in the east of Ruda Śląska, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has an area of 1.7 km2 and was inhabited by 1,101 people. History The settlement evolved around an inn built in the late 18th century. As ''Hebzie'' it was first mentioned in 1844. The ''Gute Hoffnung'' zinc smelter was opened in 1822; the ''Morgenroth'' smelter began to operate in 1925. During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), the Germans established and operated the E83 forced labour subcamp of the Stalag VIII-B/344 prisoner-of-war camp in the settlement. After World War II Chebzie belonged to gmina Godula, but was split off and merged into Nowy Bytom Nowy Bytom () is a district serving as administrative centre of Ruda Śląska, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. In 2006 it had an area of 4.6 km2 and was inhabited by 12,058 people. On January 12, 2006 a part of it was split off to form ... in 1951, and as part of Nowy Bytom was amalgamated with Ru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orzegów
Orzegów () is a district in the north-east of Ruda Śląska, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has an area of 2.5 km2 and in 2006 it was inhabited by 8,439 people. History The settlement was first mentioned in 1305 as ''Osegow''. The village belonged initially to the Duchy of Bytom, a fee of the Kingdom of Bohemia, which after 1526 became a part of the Habsburg monarchy. After Silesian Wars the area became a part of the Kingdom of Prussia. Before the industrial revolution in the 19th century the rural settlement of Orzegów lied along what is now Bytomska Street. ''Nowy Orzegów'' (''New Orzegów'') developed around the St. Michael church (built in years 1894-95) in the 20th century. The first coal mine, ''König David'', was mentioned in 1768, it was visited by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in 1790. In the 1826 the village was bought by Karl Godulla. In 1829 he opened a coal mine ''Orzegów''. Karl Godula built a zinc melter south of Orzegów, where later a separate se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Godula
Godula () is a district in the north-east of Ruda Śląska, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has an area of 1.8 km2 and in 2006 it was inhabited by 12,151 people. History Originally the area belonged to Orzegów, whose landed property was bought by Karl Godulla, after whom the settlement was named. The zinc smelter ''Godullahütte'' was built after his death, 1854–55, and operated until 1919. Adjacent to the establishment developed a working class settlement later called ''Godula'', the first 21 buildings were built in years 1858–61. The church of the Beheading of Saint John the Baptist was under construction since 1867. Trams communication was opened in the 1890s. After World War I in the Upper Silesia plebiscite 2,178 out of 3,516 voters in ''Gutshof Orzegow'', encompassing Godula, voted in favour of joining Poland, against 1,332 opting for staying in Germany. Afterwards it became a part of Silesian Voivodeship, Second Polish Republic. Officially the municip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a Totalitarianism, totalitarian dictatorship. The Third Reich, meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", referred to the Nazi claim that Nazi Germany was the successor to the earlier Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and German Empire (1871–1918). The Third Reich, which the Nazis referred to as the Thousand-Year Reich, ended in May 1945, after 12 years, when the Allies of World War II, Allies defeated Germany and entered the capital, Berlin, End of World War II in Europe, ending World War II in Europe. After Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1933, the Nazi Party began to eliminate political opposition and consolidate power. A 1934 German referendum confirmed Hitler as sole ''Führer'' (leader). Power was centralised in Hitler's person, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 7 October 1918 and 6 October 1939. The state was established in the final stage of World War I. The Second Republic was taken over in 1939, after it was invaded by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and the Slovak Republic, marking the beginning of the European theatre of the Second World War. The Polish government-in-exile was established in Paris and later London after the fall of France in 1940. When, after several regional conflicts, most importantly the victorious Polish-Soviet war, the borders of the state were finalized in 1922, Poland's neighbours were Czechoslovakia, Germany, the Free City of Danzig, Lithuania, Latvia, Romania, and the Soviet Union. It had access to the Baltic Sea via a short strip of coastline known as the Polish Corridor on either side of the city of Gdynia. Between March and August 1939, Poland a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
