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Round Table—Free Georgia
Round Table—Free Georgia ( ka, მრგვალი მაგიდა — თავისუფალი საქართველო, tr) was an alliance of Georgian political parties led by Zviad Gamsakhurdia. It played a decisive role in the restoration of independence of Georgia and was a governing coalition from 1990 until 1992. History The alliance traces its origins to the Georgian independence movement of the 1980s. On 11–13 March 1990, several pro-independence Georgian political organizations held conference in Tbilisi to elect a coordinating body for their activities - National Forum. However, soon they split, and in May 1990, organizations supporting dissident Zviad Gamsakhurdia established Round Table—Free Georgia alliance, calling for a peaceful transition to independence through participation in the official elections for the Supreme Council, the legislative body in the Soviet Georgia. Meanwhile, other organizations opted to set their own elections for a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zviad Gamsakhurdia
Zviad Konstantines dze Gamsakhurdia ( ka, ზვიად კონსტანტინეს ძე გამსახურდია; ; 31 March 1939 – 31 December 1993) was a Georgian politician, human rights activist, dissident, professor of English language studies and American literature at Tbilisi State University, and writer who became the first democratically elected President of Georgia in May 1991. A prominent exponent of Georgian nationalism and pan-Caucasianism, Zviad Gamsakhurdia was involved in Soviet dissident movement from his youth. His activities attracted attention of authorities in the Soviet Union and Gamsakhurdia was arrested and imprisoned numerous times. Gamsakhurdia co-founded the Georgian Helsinki Group, which sought to bring attention to human rights violations in the Soviet Union. He organized numerous pro-independence protests in Georgia, one of which in 1989 was suppressed by the Soviet Army, with Gamsakhurdia being arrested. Eventually, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Congress (Georgia)
National Congress is a term used in the names of various political parties and legislatures. Political parties *Ethiopia: Oromo National Congress, original name of the Oromo People's Congress *Guyana: People's National Congress Reform *India: **Indian National Congress **Sikkim National Congress **Nationalist Congress Party *Iraq: Iraqi National Congress *Pakistan, Bangladesh: Pakistan National Congress *Nigeria: Ijaw National Congress *Papua New Guinea: People's National Congress (Papua New Guinea) *South Africa: African National Congress *Sri Lanka: National Congress (Sri Lanka) *Sudan: **National Congress Party (Sudan), an Islamist, pan-Arabist party, given the name ''National Congress Party'' c. 1988/1989 ** Sudanese Congress Party, a social-democratic party, initially created as the ''National Congress'' in 1986 National legislatures *Argentine National Congress *National Congress of Belgium *Brazilian National Congress *National Congress of Chile *National People's Congress ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free Georgia
Free Georgia is a conservative political party in Georgia. The party was founded in the fall of 2010 after the local self-government elections. The party's leader is the Chairman of the City Council’s Human Rights and Public Relations Commission. History Political party Free Georgia was founded in 2010 by party’s current leader Kakha Kukava together with his fellows. It considers itself as an ideological heir of the electoral bloc Round Table-Free Georgia. The second congress of the party was held on 6 November 2012 in the city of Kutaisi. Elections Free Georgia participated in the 2012 parliamentary elections, in which the party took 0.27% of votes. In a few months, in the mid-term elections Free Georgia took the second place (17.26%) in the Nadzaladevi district; thus, the party lost to the Georgian Dream candidate (39.48%) and outpaced the United National Movement (former ruling party) candidate (15.11%). In the 2013 presidential elections, Free Georgia did not have i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgian Civil War
The Georgian Civil War ( ka, საქართველოს სამოქალაქო ომი, ''sakartvelos samokalako omi'') lasted from 1991 to 1993 in the South Caucasian country of Georgia. It began in December 1991 with the coup against the first democratically-elected President of Georgia, Zviad Gamsakhurdia, by the rebel factions of the Georgian National Guard and the Mkhedrioni paramilitary. It led to President Gamsakhurdia fleeing to neighboring Chechnya, and his subsequent insurgency and unsuccessful uprising to regain power in 1992–1993. Background Georgian independence and ethnic conflicts During the dissolution of the Soviet Union, an opposition movement in Georgia organized mass protests starting in 1988, culminating in a declaration of sovereignty in May 1990 and independence on April 9, 1991, which was recognized in December after the failed August Coup. Zviad Gamsakhurdia was elected President in May 1991. Meanwhile, ethnic minority sepa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zugdidi
Zugdidi ( ka, ზუგდიდი ; or ზუგიდი) is a city in the western Georgian historical province of Samegrelo (Mingrelia). It is situated in the north-west of that province. The city is located 318 kilometres west of Tbilisi, 30 km from the Black Sea coast and 30 km from the Egrisi Range, at an elevation of 100–110 metres above sea level. Zugdidi is the capital of the Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti region, which combines Samegrelo (Mingrelia) and upper part of Svaneti, and the centre of the Zugdidi Municipality within. Zugdidi is the sixth most populous city in Georgia. The city serves as a residence of the Metropolitan of Zugdidi and Tsaishi Eparchy of the Georgian Apostolic Autocephalous Orthodox Church. Etymology The name "Zugdidi" (ზუგდიდი) first appeared in the 17th century. Literally it means "big hill" in the Mingrelian language (from , 'hill'; 'big'). An alternative version of the name recorded in old sources is "Zubdidi" ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zviadists
Zviadists was an informal name of supporters of the former Georgian President Zviad Gamsakhurdia, who was overthrown and killed during the Georgian Civil War of 1991–1993. First President of Georgia Zviad Gamsakhurdia was ousted in a bloody coup that destroyed the center of Tbilisi between 22 December 1991 and 6 January 1992, forcing Gamsakhurdia to flee to neighboring Chechnya. Zviad Gamsakhurdia's supporters, the Zviadists staged mass demonstrations against the post-coup government led by the former Soviet Georgian leader Eduard Shevardnadze in various parts of Georgia and organized armed groups which prevented the government forces from taking control of Samegrelo, the ex-President's home province. Skirmishes between pro- and anti-Gamsakhurdia forces lasted throughout 1992 and 1993 and developed into a full-scale civil war with Gamsakhurdia's return to Western Georgia in September 1993. Zviadist rebels were defeated by November 1993 and Gamsakhurdia was probably murdered on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eduard Shevardnadze
Eduard Ambrosis dze Shevardnadze ( ka, ედუარდ ამბროსის ძე შევარდნაძე; 25 January 1928 – 7 July 2014) was a Soviet and Georgian politician and diplomat who governed Georgia (country), Georgia for several non-consecutive periods from 1972 until his resignation in 2003 and also served as the final Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs, Soviet minister of foreign affairs from 1985 to 1991. Shevardnadze started his political career in the late 1940s as a leading member of his local Komsomol organisation. He was later appointed its Second Secretary, then its First Secretary. His rise in the Georgian Soviet hierarchy continued until 1961 when he was demoted after he insulted a senior official. After spending two years in obscurity, Shevardnadze returned as a First Secretary of a Tbilisi city district, and was able to charge the Tbilisi First Secretary at the time with corruption. His anti-corruption work quickly garnered the interest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mingrelia
Mingrelia or Samegrelo ( ka, სამეგრელო, tr ; ) is a historic province in the western part of Georgia, formerly known as Odishi. It is primarily inhabited by the Mingrelians, a subgroup of Georgians. Geography and climate Mingrelia is bordered by the secessionist region of Abkhazia to the north-west, Svaneti to the north, Imereti to the east, Guria to the south and the Black Sea to the west. Administratively, the historic province of Mingrelia is incorporated joined with the northern part of the neighboring mountainous province of Svaneti to form the Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti region, the capital of which is Mingrelia's main city, Zugdidi.Tim Burford As it is the case with most Black Sea coastal areas of Georgia, Mingrelia's climate is subtropical with frequent rains. The coastal areas have many marshlands despite the Soviet Georgian authorities' efforts to dry them up. These marshlands contain many rare birds and animals not found in other parts of the coun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grozny
Grozny (, ; ) is the capital city of Chechnya, Russia. The city lies on the Sunzha River. According to the 2021 Russian census, 2021 census, it had a population of 328,533 — up from 210,720 recorded in the 2002 Russian Census, 2002 census, but still less than the 399,688 recorded in the 1989 Soviet Census, 1989 census. It was previously known as (until 1870). Names In Russian language, Russian, "Grozny" means "fearsome", "menacing", or "redoubtable", the same word as in Ivan Grozny (Ivan the Terrible). While the official name in Chechen language, Chechen is the same, informally the city is known as "" (""), which literally means "the city () on the Sunzha River ()". In 1996, during the First Chechen War, the authorities of the Chechen republic of Ichkeria renamed the city Dzhokhar-Ghala (), literally Dzhokhar City, or Dzhokhar/Djohar for short, after Dzhokhar Dudayev, the first president of the republic, killed by the Russian armed forces. In December 2005, the Chech ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chechen Republic Of Ichkeria
The Chechen Republic of Ichkeria ( ; ; ; abbreviated as "ChRI" or "CRI"), known simply as Ichkeria, was a ''de facto'' State (polity), state that controlled most of the former Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Checheno-Ingush ASSR from 1991 to 2000 and has been a government-in-exile since. In September–October 1991, supporters of Dzhokhar Dudayev seized power in Chechnya in the Chechen Revolution. Dudayev was subsequently elected as Chechnya's President and in this new position, he Declaration of Sovereignty of the Chechen Republic, proclaimed Chechnya's independence from Russia. The move was welcomed by Georgia's President Zviad Gamsakhurdia, who was one of the first to congratulate Dudayev with victory and attended his inauguration as president in Grozny. While Chechnya did not receive backing from the international community, it received support and attention from Georgia, which became its only gateway to the outside world that was not controlled by Mosc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Council (Georgia)
The Military Council of Georgia ( ka, საქართველოს რესპუბლიკის სამხედრო საბჭო, tr) was the ruling military junta of the Cabinet of Georgia, Government of Georgia which was established on January 2, 1992, during the 1991–1992 Georgian coup d'état, coup d'état in Republic of Georgia (1990–1992), Republic of Georgia. It was an unconstitutional body that served as the leadership of the country to just over 2 months. The council announced the overthrow of President of Georgia, President Zviad Gamsakhurdia and served as the collective head of state from January 6, 1992, until March 10 of that year, when the military council was replaced by the State Council of the Republic of Georgia, State Council led by Eduard Shevardnadze. The full composition of the Military Council was never published, with all orders and resolutions being signed by Tengiz Kitovani and Jaba Ioseliani on behalf of the council. Background ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1991–1992 Georgian Coup D'état
The 1991–1992 Georgian coup d'état, also known as the Tbilisi War, or the Putsch of 1991–1992, was an internal military conflict that took place in the newly independent Republic of Georgia (1990–1992), Republic of Georgia following the fall of the Soviet Union, from 22 December 1991 to 6 January 1992. The coup, which triggered the Georgian Civil War, pitted factions of the National Guard of Georgia, National Guard loyal to President of Georgia, President Zviad Gamsakhurdia against several paramilitary organizations unified at the end of 1991 under the leadership of warlords Tengiz Kitovani, Jaba Ioseliani and Tengiz Sigua. The Tbilisi War ended with the exile of the first democratically elected president of Georgia, after two weeks of violent clashes on Rustaveli Avenue, the main thoroughfare of Tbilisi, mainly consisting of a siege of the Georgian Parliament Building (Tbilisi), Georgian Parliament building, where Gamsakhurdia was isolated in a bunker. Following Gamsakhurd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
