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Roman Dmowski
Roman Stanisław Dmowski Polish: (9 August 1864 – 2 January 1939) was a Polish right-wing politician, statesman, and co-founder and chief ideologue of the National Democracy (abbreviated "ND": in Polish, "''Endecja''") political movement active during the interwar period. While he never wielded significant political power except for a brief period in 1923 as Minister of Foreign Affairs, Dmowski was one of the most influential Polish ideologues and politicians of his time. A controversial personality most of his life, Dmowski desired a homogeneous, Polish-speaking and Roman Catholic-practicing nation. Throughout most of his life, he was the chief ideological opponent of the Polish military and political leader Józef Piłsudski and of the latter's vision of Prometheism, a multi-ethnic Poland reminiscent of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. As a result, Dmowski's nationalist rhetoric actively marginalized other ethnic groups living in Poland, particularly those in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Dmowski Monument, Warsaw
The Roman Dmowski Monument in Warsaw () is a bronze statue, 5 meters (16 feet) tall, of Polish politician Roman Dmowski in Warsaw, on Na Rozdrożu Square at the intersection of Szuch and Ujazdów Avenues. It was unveiled on 10 November 2006. The statue holds a copy of the Treaty of Versailles and carries a quotation from Dmowski's book: ''I am a Pole, so I have Polish duties...'' (''"Jestem Polakiem więc mam obowiązki polskie..."''). The monument has been controversial. Its construction was the result of an initiative supported by politicians Maciej Giertych, Bogusław Kowalski, and Jędrzej Dmowski. The monument, sponsored by the Warsaw municipal council, cost the Polish government about 500,000 zlotys. The unveiling ceremony was attended by some 200 people, including politicians Maciej Giertych, Artur Zawisza, and Wojciech Wierzejski, and by Father Henryk Jankowski, who consecrated the monument. The monument's location, near the offices of the Polish Ministry of Foreign ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minister Of Foreign Affairs (Poland)
In many countries, the ministry of foreign affairs (abbreviated as MFA or MOFA) is the highest government department exclusively or primarily responsible for the state's foreign policy and relations, diplomacy, bilateral, and multilateral relations affairs as well as for providing support, including consular services, for a country's citizens who are abroad. The entity is usually headed by a foreign minister or minister of foreign affairs (the title may vary, such as secretary of state who has the same functions). The foreign minister typically reports to the head of government (such as prime minister or president). Difference in titles In some nations, such as India, the foreign minister is referred to as the minister for external affairs; or others, such as Brazil and the states created from the former Soviet Union, call the position the minister of external relations. In the United States, the secretary of state is the member of the Cabinet who handles foreign relations. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish National Committee (1917–1919)
Polish National Committee () was a political organization representing Polish interests during the World War I. It was formed in Lausanne on 15 August 1917 by Polish National Democracy politician Roman Dmowski, and was first recognized by the French as the legitimate representative of Poland in September 1917. The British and the Americans were less enthusiastic, but likewise recognized it in 1918. Its aim was to create a Polish Army (the Blue Army under Józef Haller) to fight alongside the Allies of World War I, in exchange for their support for an independent Poland. In addition to Dmowski its chief activists included Ignacy Jan Paderewski, August Zaleski, Erazm Piltz, Marian Seyda and Maurycy Zamoyski. In January 1919 the Committee recognized the government of Ignacy Jan Paderewski and dissolved itself. Historical background During World War I, many Polish people were determined to regain national independence after 123 years of occupation by Austria, Russia and Prussi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warszawa Wschodnia Railway Station
Warszawa Wschodnia, in English Warsaw East, is one of the most important railway stations in Warsaw, Poland. Its more official name is ''Warszawa Wschodnia Osobowa'' (translated as ''Warsaw East Passenger''). It is located on the eastern side of the Vistula river, on the border of the Praga-Północ and Praga-Południe districts, on the Warsaw Cross-City Line. It serves all trains passing through the larger Warszawa Centralna railway station, Warszawa Centralna and Warszawa Śródmieście railway station, Śródmieście stations which stop or terminate at Wschodnia station. It is one of the busiest railway stations in Poland, with over 800 daily trains. History The station first started operating in 1866 as the terminus of the newly built Warsaw–Terespol Railway. By 1933 the station was rebuilt as a through the station with the opening of the Cross-City line. The station building was destroyed during World War II, and in postwar decades provisional, temporary buildings were use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Movement (Poland)
The National Movement ( , RN) is a Far-right politics, far-right List of political parties in Poland, political party in Poland. It is led by Krzysztof Bosak. It claims spiritual descendance from the prewar movement of Roman Dmowski, the National Democracy (Poland), National Democracy, which was also commonly called the National Movement. It was founded in 2012 as an organization, and in 2014 it was registered as a political party. It is a part of the Confederation Liberty and Independence, and it currently has seven members in the Sejm. It is a Far-right politics, far-right political party and it is orientated towards Social conservatism, socially conservative and Militarism, militarist stances. National congress meetings The First Congress of the National Movement took place on 8 June 2013 in Warsaw. Guest of honor at the congress was Rafał Ziemkiewicz. Representatives of the groups co-create the movement and signed the declaration of ideological National Movement. The Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
All-Polish Youth
The All-Polish Youth () refers to two inter-linked Polish far-right ultranationalist List of youth organizations, youth organizations, with a Political Catholicism, Catholic-nationalist philosophy. Its agenda declares that its aim is "''to raise Polish youth in a Catholic and patriotic spirit''". The inter-war incarnation was created in 1922 as part of the National Democracy (Poland), National Democracy movement, and was modelled after the inter-war fascist movement Falangism, Falanga. During World War II it operated underground and was clamped down on the break of 1945/1946 by the Provisional Government of National Unity. The present incarnation was created on 2 December 1989. Its manifesto from 1989 states that "''one's country is the greatest earthly good. After God, your foremost love belongs to the Homeland, and foremost after God you must serve your own country,''" and declares itself opposed to "doctrines promoting liberalism, Toleration, tolerance, and relativism." The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Nationalism
Polish nationalism () is a nationalism which asserts that the Polish people are a nation and which affirms the cultural unity of Poles. British historian of Poland Norman Davies defines nationalism as "a doctrine ... to create a nation by arousing people's awareness of their nationality, and to mobilize their feelings into a vehicle for political action." The nationalism of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth – a polity which existed ''de facto'' from 1386, and officially from 1569, until the Commonwealth's 1795 Third Partition – incorporating Poles, Lithuanians, East Slavs, and smaller minorities. was multi-ethnic and multi-confessional, though the Commonwealth's dominant social classes became extensively Polonized and Roman Catholicism was regarded as the dominant religion. The nationalist ideology which arose soon after the Partitions was initially free of any kind of "ethnic nationalism". It was a Romantic movement which sought the restoration of a Polish sovereign ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National League (Poland, 1893)
National League () was a conspirational Polish organization active in all three partitions. It was founded in April 1893 from the transformed Polish League. National League was the first organization of the nascent National Democracy movement. Its main ideologues were Roman Dmowski, Jan Ludwik Popławski and Zygmunt Balicki. Its goals were formation of modern Polish nation and regaining of Polish statehood in the long run. It supported the idea of solidarity of all social classes in order to strengthen the national idea. National League, organizing mostly young intelligentsia, aimed at mobilizing Polish youth and awakening Polish peasants to take active part in public life. The organization was opposed to the idea of class struggle and the activities of national minorities in Poland. It published the '' Przegląd Wszechpolski'' (The All-Poland Review) and ''Polak'' (The Pole) newspapers in Lwów Lviv ( or ; ; ; see #Names and symbols, below for other names) is the la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Association Of The Polish Youth "Zet"
The Związek Młodzieży Polskiej "Zet" ("Union or Association of the Polish Youth "Zet"", abbreviated ''ZMP'' or more commonly ''Zet'') was a clandestine organization of Polish students at universities of the three partitioning powers (Russia, Germany, Austria) and other European universities with larger groups of Polish students. Its aim was to bring together talented young men and further educate them as community leaders, pro-Polish agitators and possibly for a role in the civil service of a future Polish state. Universities where Zet was active included St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kiev (Russian Empire), Warsaw (then in the Russian partition), Berlin, Breslau, Munich (Germany), Vienna (Austria), Kraków, Lemberg (Lviv, then in the Austrian partition), Paris (France), Zürich, and Geneva (Switzerland). Zet was formed in Kraków, then in Austria, by Zygmunt Balicki (1858-1916), a Lublin-born national activist who had escaped from the Russian partition, in 1887. In the following yea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Council Of National Defense (Poland)
The Council of National Defense () was an extraordinary temporary governmental body created by a decree of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic, of 1 July 1920. Poland was then facing defeat by Bolshevik Red Armies that were approaching Warsaw. The Council was a body that was intended to make decisions more expeditiously than the Sejm. It was fully authorized to take decisions regarding the conduct and conclusion of the war. The Council comprised: *'' Naczelnik Państwa'' (Chief of State) Józef Piłsudski, the Council's chair; *Prime Minister Wincenty Witos, deputy chair; *The Marshal of the Sejm The Marshal of the Sejm (, ) is the speaker (chair) of the Sejm, the lower house of the Polish Parliament. The office traces its origins to the 15th century. In modern Poland, the full title is Marshal of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (). ...; *Ten Sejm deputies, representing the main political parties; *Three ministers selected by the Council of Ministers; *Three representat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legislative Sejm (Second Polish Republic)
The Legislative Sejm or Constituent Sejm () was the first national parliament (Sejm), and simultaneously Constituent Assembly of the newly independent Poland, sitting from 1919 to 1922. It was elected in the 1919 Polish legislative election. Background The Legislative Sejm was formed in the aftermath of World War I on the territories of the newly independent Second Polish Republic. In late 1918 Polish state was governed by Józef Piłsudski, who quickly begun the work to organize election to the first Polish national parliament (Sejm) since the Grodno Sejm of 1793, held two years before partitions of Poland ended the independent existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. History The elections to the Sejm took place on January 26, 1919. At that time, Poland did not have fixed boundaries, and was involved in territorial conflicts and disputes. On the territories under the nascent Polish state's control, in the lands of former Congress Kingdom and Podlasie region, and western ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty signed on 28 June 1919. As the most important treaty of World War I, it ended the state of war between Germany and most of the Allies of World War I, Allied Powers. It was signed in the Palace of Versailles, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, which led to the war. The other Central Powers on the German side signed separate treaties. Although the Armistice with Germany (Compiègne), armistice of 11 November 1918 ended the actual fighting, and agreed certain principles and conditions including the payment of reparations, it took six months of Allied negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920), Paris Peace Conference to conclude the peace treaty. Germany was not allowed to participate in the negotiations before signing the treaty. The treaty German disarmament, required Germany to disarm, make territorial concessions, extradite alleged war criminals, agree to Kaiser Wilhelm being p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
