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Riojavenatrix
''Riojavenatrix'' (meaning "La Rioja, Spain, La Rioja huntress") is a genus of spinosaurid theropod from the Early Cretaceous Enciso Group of La Rioja, Spain. The type species is ''Riojavenatrix lacustris''. ''Riojavenatrix'' represents one of five known spinosaurid taxa from the Iberian Peninsula, the others being ''Camarillasaurus'', ''Iberospinus'', ''Protathlitis'', and ''Vallibonavenatrix''. Discovery and naming Fossils of ''Riojavenatrix'' were discovered in 2005 at the Virgen del Villar-1 site in La Rioja, Spain. The holotype of ''Riojavenatrix'' is a fragmentary dorsal vertebra, pelvic girdle, and hindlimb elements that were initially assigned to ''Baryonyx''. Apparently, all the material belonged to the same individual because it was recovered in association with bones of consistent size and no duplicated elements. The Virgen del Villar-1 site is a part of the Enciso Group, dated as uppermost Barremian–lower Aptian. The age of this site is likely to be lower Apt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camarillasaurus
''Camarillasaurus'' (meaning " Camarillas lizard") is a genus of theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous period (Barremian) of Camarillas, Teruel Province, in what is now northeastern Spain. Described in 2014, it was originally identified as a ceratosaurian theropod, but later studies suggested affinities to the Spinosauridae. If it does represent a spinosaur, ''Camarillasaurus'' would be one of several spinosaurid taxa known from the Iberian peninsula, the others being '' Iberospinus'', '' Protathlitis'', ''Baryonyx'', '' Riojavenatrix'', and '' Vallibonavenatrix''. Discovery and naming Fossils of ''Camarillasaurus'' were discovered in the Camarillas Formation. The type species, ''Camarillasaurus cirugedae'', was described by palaeontologists Bárbara Sánchez-Hernández and Michael J. Benton. The generic name, "Camarillasaurus''", combines a reference to the geologic formation in which the holotype was found with the Greek "sauros", meaning "lizard". The specific name, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spinosaurid
Spinosauridae (or spinosaurids) is a clade or Family (taxonomy), family of tetanuran theropod dinosaurs comprising ten to seventeen known genera. Spinosaurid fossils have been recovered worldwide, including Africa, Europe, South America, and Asia. Their remains have generally been attributed to the Early Cretaceous, Early to early Late Cretaceous. Spinosaurids were large Bipedalism, bipedal carnivores. Their crocodilian-like skulls were long, low, and narrow, bearing conical teeth with reduced or absent Glossary of dinosaur anatomy#serrations, serrations. The tips of their upper and Glossary of dinosaur anatomy#mandible, lower jaws fanned out into a spoon-shaped structure similar to a Rosette (design), rosette, behind which there was a Glossary of dinosaur anatomy#subnarial gap, notch in the upper jaw that the expanded tip of the lower jaw fit into. The Glossary of dinosaur anatomy#bony nostrils, nostrils of spinosaurids were retracted to a position further back on the head than in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baryonychinae
Baryonychinae is an extinct clade or subfamily of spinosaurids from the Early Cretaceous of Europe and West Africa. The clade was named by Charig & Milner in 1986 and defined by Sereno et al. in 1998 and Holtz et al. in 2004 as all taxa more closely related to '' Baryonyx walkeri'' than to ''Spinosaurus aegyptiacus''. Baryonychines were large, bipedal predators with elongated, crocodile-like skulls and lower jaw tips fanning out into rosettes bearing conical, often unserrated, teeth, and a distinct premaxillary notch. They possessed robust forelimbs supporting three-fingered hands with an enlarged first digit claw, to which the subfamily name indirectly refers. Members of this group, unlike the more derived Spinosaurinae, sported only low sails or none at all. History of discovery In 1820, paleontologist Gideon Mantell discovered numerous fossil teeth from the Wadhurst Clay Formation of Britain. These were in 1841 named '' Suchosaurus cultridens'' by paleontologist Richard Ow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enciso Group
The Enciso Group is a geological formation in La Rioja, Spain whose strata date back to the Early Cretaceous.Enciso Group at .org The turtle '' Camerochelys'' was described from the Enciso Group. Dinosaur remains, including the holotype of the spinosaurid '''', are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation. The first spinosaurid fossil remains found at [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spinosaurinae
Spinosauridae (or spinosaurids) is a clade or family of tetanuran theropod dinosaurs comprising ten to seventeen known genera. Spinosaurid fossils have been recovered worldwide, including Africa, Europe, South America, and Asia. Their remains have generally been attributed to the Early to early Late Cretaceous. Spinosaurids were large bipedal carnivores. Their crocodilian-like skulls were long, low, and narrow, bearing conical teeth with reduced or absent serrations. The tips of their upper and lower jaws fanned out into a spoon-shaped structure similar to a rosette, behind which there was a notch in the upper jaw that the expanded tip of the lower jaw fit into. The nostrils of spinosaurids were retracted to a position further back on the head than in most other theropods, and they had bony crests on their heads along the midline of their skulls. Their robust shoulders wielded stocky forelimbs, with three-fingered hands that bore an enlarged claw on the first digit. In many s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spinosauridae
Spinosauridae (or spinosaurids) is a clade or Family (taxonomy), family of tetanuran theropod dinosaurs comprising ten to seventeen known genera. Spinosaurid fossils have been recovered worldwide, including Africa, Europe, South America, and Asia. Their remains have generally been attributed to the Early Cretaceous, Early to early Late Cretaceous. Spinosaurids were large Bipedalism, bipedal carnivores. Their crocodilian-like skulls were long, low, and narrow, bearing conical teeth with reduced or absent Glossary of dinosaur anatomy#serrations, serrations. The tips of their upper and Glossary of dinosaur anatomy#mandible, lower jaws fanned out into a spoon-shaped structure similar to a Rosette (design), rosette, behind which there was a Glossary of dinosaur anatomy#subnarial gap, notch in the upper jaw that the expanded tip of the lower jaw fit into. The Glossary of dinosaur anatomy#bony nostrils, nostrils of spinosaurids were retracted to a position further back on the head than in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iberospinus
''Iberospinus'' (meaning "Iberian Peninsula, Iberian spine") is an extinct genus of Spinosauridae, spinosaurid dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous (Barremian) Papo Seco Formation of Portugal. The genus contains a single species, ''I. natarioi'', known from several assorted bones belonging to one individual. ''Iberospinus'' represents one of five known spinosaurid taxa from the Iberian Peninsula, the others being ''Camarillasaurus'', ''Protathlitis'', ''Riojavenatrix'', and ''Vallibonavenatrix''. It is important for its implications of the geographical origin of Spinosauridae and the suggested presence of potentially semi-aquatic lifestyle earlier in the evolution of this clade. Discovery and naming The first fossil material was discovered in 1999, with additional expeditions from 2004 to 2008. After being described as a specimen of ''Baryonyx'' in 2011, it was realised to have been a unique species in 2019, with specimen ML1190 as the holotype. Additional material was discovere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baryonyx
''Baryonyx'' () is a genus of theropod dinosaur which lived in the Barremian stage of the Early Cretaceous period, about 130–125 million years ago. The first skeleton was discovered in 1983 in the Smokejack Clay Pit, of Surrey, England, in sediments of the Weald Clay Formation, and became the holotype specimen of ''Baryonyx walkeri'', named by palaeontologists Alan J. Charig and Angela C. Milner in 1986. The genus name ''Baryonyx'' comes from Ancient Greek βαρύς (''barús''), meaning "heavy" or "strong", and ὄνυξ (''ónux''), meaning "claw", alluding to the animal's very large claw on the first finger; the specific name, ''walkeri'', refers to its discoverer, amateur fossil collector William J. Walker. The holotype specimen is one of the most complete theropod skeletons from the UK (and remains the most complete spinosaurid), and its discovery attracted media attention. Specimens later discovered in other parts of the United Kingdom and Iberia have also bee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2024 In Archosaur Paleontology
This article records new taxa of every kind of fossil archosaur that are scheduled to be Species description, described during 2024, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to the paleontology of archosaurs published in 2024. Pseudosuchians New pseudosuchian taxa General pseudosuchian research * Evidence of the impact of function on the evolution of the lower jaw morphology in crocodile-line archosaurs is presented by Rawson ''et al.'' (2024). * A review of studies on the thermometabolism of crocodile-line archosaurs from the preceding 20 years is published by Faure-Brac (2024). * Sennikov (2024) interprets Ornithosuchidae, ornithosuchids as macrophagous predators with specialized jaw apparatus, and notes analogs between them and saber-toothed therapsids (including mammals). * A study on the locomotion of ''Riojasuchus, Riojasuchus tenuisceps'' is published by von Baczko ''et al.'' (2024), who reconstruct ''R. tenuisceps'' as having an erect posture ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protathlitis
''Protathlitis'' (meaning "champion") is a genus of spinosaurid dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous (Barremian) Arcillas de Morella Formation of Castellón, Spain. The type and only species is ''Protathlitis cinctorrensis'', known from a partial skeleton. It was a basal member of the Baryonychinae. Its discovery, as well as those of the spinosaurids ''Camarillasaurus'', ''Iberospinus'', ''Riojavenatrix'', and the contemporary ''Vallibonavenatrix'' shows that the Iberian Peninsula held a diverse assemblage of spinosaurids during the Early Cretaceous. Discovery and naming The holotype remains, the maxillary fragment 8ANA-109 and caudal vertebrae 3ANA83, 4ANA43, 4ANA69, 4ANA76, and 5ANA78, were recovered from the ANA site of the Arcillas de Morella Formation, which was discovered in 1998 and remained unexplored until 2002. A tooth, 4ANA-11, possibly from the left mandible or right maxilla, was also referred. The remains were described as a new genus and species of spinosaurid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vallibonavenatrix
''Vallibonavenatrix'' (meaning "Vallibona huntress" after the town near where its remains were found) is a genus of spinosaurid dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous (Barremian) Arcillas de Morella Formation of Castellón, Spain. The type and only species is ''Vallibonavenatrix cani'', known from a partial skeleton. Discovery and naming During the late 1980s and early 1990s, amateur fossil collector Juan Cano Forner was recovering bones from various localities in Els Ports Natural Park, located in the Province of Castellón, Spain. In one of these—the Santa Águeda locality in the town of Vallibona—he excavated numerous vertebrate remains dating to the Mesozoic era, among which were dinosaur fossils. Forner housed these fossils in a private collection at Sant Mateu, which the Generalitat Valenciana acknowledged as a museographic collection in 1994. In 2007, the Spanish palaeontologist Fernando Gómez-Fernández and colleagues published a provisional description on the pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Femur
The femur (; : femurs or femora ), or thigh bone is the only long bone, bone in the thigh — the region of the lower limb between the hip and the knee. In many quadrupeds, four-legged animals the femur is the upper bone of the hindleg. The Femoral head, top of the femur fits into a socket in the pelvis called the hip joint, and the bottom of the femur connects to the shinbone (tibia) and kneecap (patella) to form the knee. In humans the femur is the largest and thickest bone in the body. Structure The femur is the only bone in the upper Human leg, leg. The two femurs converge Anatomical terms of location, medially toward the knees, where they articulate with the Anatomical terms of location, proximal ends of the tibiae. The angle at which the femora converge is an important factor in determining the femoral-tibial angle. In females, thicker pelvic bones cause the femora to converge more than in males. In the condition genu valgum, ''genu valgum'' (knock knee), the femurs conve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
