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Richard FitzAlan, 8th Earl Of Arundel
Richard FitzAlan, 1st Earl of Arundel (3 February 1267 – 9 March 1302) was an English nobleman and soldier who fought in the Welsh wars of 1288 to 1294. Lineage He was the son of John Fitzalan III and Isabella Mortimer, daughter of Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Wigmore and Maud de Braose. His paternal grandparents were John Fitzalan II and Maud le Botiller. Their family seat was Arundel Castle. Richard was feudal Lord of Clun and Oswestry in the Welsh Marches. In 1289 he was created Earl of Arundel. He was knighted by King Edward I of England in 1289. Fighting in Wales, Gascony and Scotland He fought in the Welsh wars, 1288 to 1294, when the Welsh castle of Castell y Bere (near modern-day Towyn) was besieged by Madog ap Llywelyn. He commanded the force sent to relieve the siege and he also took part in many other campaigns in Wales; also in Gascony in 1295-97; and furthermore in the Scottish wars of 1298-1300. Marriage and children He married sometime be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brackets
A bracket is either of two tall fore- or back-facing punctuation marks commonly used to isolate a segment of text or data from its surroundings. They come in four main pairs of shapes, as given in the box to the right, which also gives their names, that vary between British English, British and American English. "Brackets", without further qualification, are in British English the ... marks and in American English the ... marks. Other symbols are repurposed as brackets in specialist contexts, such as International Phonetic Alphabet#Brackets and transcription delimiters, those used by linguists. Brackets are typically deployed in symmetric pairs, and an individual bracket may be identified as a "left" or "right" bracket or, alternatively, an "opening bracket" or "closing bracket", respectively, depending on the Writing system#Directionality, directionality of the context. In casual writing and in technical fields such as computing or linguistic analysis of grammar, brackets ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oswestry
Oswestry ( ; ) is a market town, civil parish and historic railway town in Shropshire, England, close to the England–Wales border, Welsh border. It is at the junction of the A5 road (Great Britain), A5, A483 road, A483 and A495 road, A495 roads. The town was the administrative headquarters of the Borough of Oswestry until that was abolished in 2009. Oswestry is the third-largest town in Shropshire, following Telford and Shrewsbury. At the 2021 Census, the population was 17,509. The town is from the Welsh border and has a mixed English and Welsh heritage. Oswestry is the largest settlement within the Oswestry Uplands, a designated Natural areas of England, natural area and national character area. Toponym The name ''Oswestry'' is first attested in 1191, as . This Middle English name transparently derives from the Old English personal name and the word ('tree'). Thus the name seems once to have meant 'tree of a man called Ōswald'.A. D. Mills, ''A Dictionary of English Pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stephen De Segrave, 3rd Lord Segrave
Stephen or Steven is an English first name. It is particularly significant to Christians, as it belonged to Saint Stephen ( ), an early disciple and deacon who, according to the Book of Acts, was stoned to death; he is widely regarded as the first martyr (or "protomartyr") of the Christian Church. The name, in both the forms Stephen and Steven, is often shortened to Steve or Stevie. In English, the female version of the name is Stephanie. Many surnames are derived from the first name, including Stephens, Stevens, Stephenson, and Stevenson, all of which mean "Stephen's (son)". In modern times the name has sometimes been given with intentionally non-standard spelling, such as Stevan or Stevon. A common variant of the name used in English is Stephan ( ); related names that have found some currency or significance in English include Stefan (pronounced or in English), Esteban (often pronounced ), and the Shakespearean Stephano ( ). Origins The name "Stephen" (and its comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edmund Fitzalan, 2nd Earl Of Arundel
Edmund Fitzalan, 2nd Earl of Arundel (1 May 1285 – 17 November 1326) was an Kingdom of England, English nobleman prominent in the conflict between King Edward II and his barons. His father, Richard Fitzalan, 1st Earl of Arundel, died in 1302, while Edmund was still a minor. He, therefore, became a Ward (law), ward of John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey, John de Warenne, Earl of Surrey, and married Warenne's granddaughter, Alice de Warenne, Countess of Arundel, Alice. In 1306 he was styled Earl of Arundel, and served under Edward I in the First War of Scottish Independence, Scottish Wars, for which he was richly rewarded. After Edward I's death, Arundel became part of the opposition to the new king Edward II, and his favourite Piers Gaveston. In 1311 he was one of the so-called Ordinances of 1311, Lords Ordainers who assumed control of the government from the king. Together with Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster, Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, he was responsible for the death of Gavesto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas I Of Saluzzo
Thomas I (1239–1296) was the fourth Marquess of Saluzzo from 1244 to his death. He was the son of Manfred III of Saluzzo, Manfred III and Beatrice of Savoy. He succeeded his father Manfred III of Saluzzo, Manfred III. He was also the grandson of Amadeus IV, Count of Savoy. Biography Under the reign of Thomas, Saluzzo blossomed, achieving a greatness which had eluded his ancestors. He crafted a state the borders of which remained unchanged for over two centuries. He extended the march to include Carmagnola. He was often at odds with Asti and he was a prime enemy of Charles I of Naples, Charles of Anjou and his Italian pretensions. During his tenure, he made Saluzzo a free city, giving it a'' podestà ''to govern in his name. He defended his castles and ''roccaforti'' (strongholds) vigorously and built many new ones in the cities. Marriage and issue He married Luisa of Ceva. They had: *Manfred IV of Saluzzo, Manfred IV, succeeded his father *Alice of Saluzzo, who married Richa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First War Of Scottish Independence
The First War of Scottish Independence was the first of a series of wars between Kingdom of England, England and Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland. It lasted from the English invasion of Scotland (1296), English invasion of Scotland in 1296 until the ''de jure'' restoration of Scottish independence with the Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton in 1328. ''De facto'' independence was established in 1314 following an English defeat at the Battle of Bannockburn. The wars were caused by the attempts of the English kings to seize territory by claiming sovereignty over Scotland, while the Scots fought to keep both English rule and authority out of Scotland.; The term "War of Independence" did not exist at the time; the name was applied retrospectively many centuries later, after the American War of Independence made the term popular, and after the rise of modern Scottish nationalism. The First War of Scottish Independence should not be viewed in isolation from the Gascon War and Franco-Fle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gascon War
The Gascon War, also known as the 1294–1303 Anglo-French War or the Guyenne War (), was a conflict between the kingdoms of France and England. Most of the fighting occurred in the Duchy of Aquitaine, made up of the areas of Guyenne and Gascony. The ruling family of England, the House of Plantagenet, held Gascony as a fief of the King of France following the 1259 Treaty of Paris. The Gascon War was the beginning of but part of a wider conflict that included the First War of Scottish Independence and the Franco-Flemish War as Philip IV of France and Edward I of England sought allies in Scotland and Flanders respectively, thus triggering these related conflicts. It began with personal clashes between sailors in the English Channel in the early 1290s but became a widespread conflict over control of EdwardI's continental holdings after he refused a summons from PhilipIV and renounced his state of vassalage. The first phase of the war lasted from 1294 to 1298, by which time Flan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madog Ap Llywelyn
Madog ap Llywelyn (died after 1312) was the leader of the Welsh revolt of 1294–95 against English rule in Wales. The revolt was surpassed in longevity only by the revolt of Owain Glyndŵr in the 15th century. Madog belonged to a junior branch of the House of Aberffraw and was a distant relation of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, the last recognised native Prince of Wales. During his revolt, Madog issued a land grant in which he used the title "Prince of Wales". Lineage Madog was the son of Llywelyn ap Maredudd, the last vassal Lord of Meirionydd who had been deprived of his patrimony in 1256 for opposing the future Prince of Wales, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, at the Battle of Bryn Derwin. Llywelyn ap Maredudd had gone into exile in England where he received a pension from the English crown, until June 1262 when he reconciled with Llywelyn ap Gruffudd. He died in a skirmish fighting for the Welsh in April 1263. His eldest son, Madog, who may have been born in exile, is known to have receiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Towyn
Towyn () is a seaside resort in the Conwy County Borough, Wales. It is also an electoral ward to the town and county councils. Location It is located between Rhyl, in Denbighshire, and Abergele in Conwy. Demography According to the 2001 Census, together with neighbouring Kinmel Bay (to the east), it had a population 7,864, of which 10.7% could speak Welsh. Only a third of the population were born in Wales. Towyn itself had a population of 2,380 in the 2011 census. 1990 tidal floods The town made national headlines in 1990 when a combination of gale-force winds, a high tide and rough seas caused Towyn's flood defences to be breached at about 11.00am on 26 February. of land was flooded, affecting 2,800 properties and causing areas of the resort to be evacuated. Further flooding occurred later the same week, on 1 March, shortly after the site of the disaster was visited by Prince Charles and Princess Diana. Scientific experts also believe that the silt left behind from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Castell Y Bere
Castell y Bere is a Wales, Welsh castle near Llanfihangel-y-pennant, Abergynolwyn, Llanfihangel-y-pennant in Gwynedd, Wales. Constructed by Llywelyn the Great in the 1220s, the stone castle was intended to maintain his authority over the local people and to defend the south-west part of the princedom of Gwynedd. In 1282, war with Edward I of England resulted in the death of Llywelyn's grandson, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, and Castell y Bere fell to English forces. Edward I expanded the castle further and established a small town beside it. In 1294 the Welsh leader Madog ap Llywelyn mounted Welsh revolt of 1294–95, a major revolt and the castle was besieged and apparently burnt. Edward did not repair it and it became ruined. Today it is in the hands of Cadw and operated as a tourist attraction. History 1220–40 Castell y Bere was built in the 1220s by Llywelyn the Great on a rocky hillock overlooking the Dysynni Valley, near Llanfihangel-y-pennant. Traditionally the Welsh princes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Castle
A castle is a type of fortification, fortified structure built during the Middle Ages predominantly by the nobility or royalty and by Military order (monastic society), military orders. Scholars usually consider a ''castle'' to be the private fortified house, fortified residence of a lord or noble. This is distinct from a mansion, palace, and villa, whose main purpose was exclusively for ''pleasance'' and are not primarily fortresses but may be fortified. Use of the term has varied over time and, sometimes, has also been applied to structures such as hill forts and 19th- and 20th-century homes built to resemble castles. Over the Middle Ages, when genuine castles were built, they took on a great many forms with many different features, although some, such as curtain wall (fortification), curtain walls, arrowslits, and portcullises, were commonplace. European-style castles originated in the 9th and 10th centuries after the fall of the Carolingian Empire, which resulted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wales
Wales ( ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by the Irish Sea to the north and west, England to the England–Wales border, east, the Bristol Channel to the south, and the Celtic Sea to the south-west. , it had a population of 3.2 million. It has a total area of and over of Coastline of Wales, coastline. It is largely mountainous with its higher peaks in the north and central areas, including Snowdon (), its highest summit. The country lies within the Temperate climate, north temperate zone and has a changeable, Oceanic climate, maritime climate. Its capital and largest city is Cardiff. A distinct Culture of Wales, Welsh culture emerged among the Celtic Britons after the End of Roman rule in Britain, Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century, and Wales was briefly united under Gruffudd ap Llywelyn in 1055. After over 200 years of war, the Conquest of Wales by Edward I, conquest of Wales by King Edward I o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
