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Rheubarbariboletus
''Rheubarbariboletus'' is a fungal genus in the family Boletaceae. Circumscribed in 2014, it contains two species found in Europe: ''Rheubarbariboletus persicolor'', and the type, '' R. armeniacus''. The generic name is derived from the Latin ''rheubarbarum'', meaning "rhubarb", referring to the color of the flesh at the base of the stipe. The genus is closely related to '' Xerocomellus'', but differs by having smooth spores, the unchanging yellowish to orange-rhubarb coloring of the stipe base, and the distinctive dark-green to black color reaction with iron sulphate on both the surface of the cap and on the flesh of the stipe. ''Rheubarbariboletus persicolor'' was originally described in 1996 as ''Xerocomus persicolor'', based on collections made in Italy. The bolete was found in mixed woodland with hop-hornbeam, pine, and oak An oak is a tree or shrub in the genus ''Quercus'' (; Latin "oak tree") of the beech family, Fagaceae. There are approximately 500 extant spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rheubarbariboletus Persicolor
''Rheubarbariboletus persicolor'' is a species of bolete fungus. It was originally described in 1996 as ''Xerocomus persicolor'', based on collections made in Italy. The bolete was found in mixed woodland with hop-hornbeam, pine, and oak An oak is a tree or shrub in the genus ''Quercus'' (; Latin "oak tree") of the beech family, Fagaceae. There are approximately 500 extant species of oaks. The common name "oak" also appears in the names of species in related genera, notably ''L .... References External links * Boletaceae Fungi of Europe Fungi described in 1996 {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rheubarbariboletus Armeniacus
''Rheubarbariboletus armeniacus'' is a small mushroom in the family Boletaceae native to Europe. It was formerly placed in the genera ''Boletus'', ''Xerocomus'', and '' Xerocomellus''. It acquired its current name when it was transferred to genus '' Rheubarbariboletus'' in 2015. Taxonomy French naturalist Lucien Quélet described this species as ''Boletus armeniacus'' in 1885, before placing it in the genus ''Xerocomus ''Xerocomus'' is a genus of poroid fungi related to '' Boletus''. Many mycologists did not originally recognize the distinction between the two genera and placed ''Xerocomus'' taxa in genus ''Boletus''. However, several molecular phylogenetic ...'' in his 1888 work ''Flore mycologique de la France et des pays limitrophes'' (''Mycological flora of France and neighbouring countries''). It was transferred to the new genus '' Xerocomellus'' described by Czech mycologist Josef Šutara in 2008, and then to '' Rheubarbariboletus'' in 2015. Description The pileus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xerocomellus
''Xerocomellus'' is a genus of fungi in the family Boletaceae. The genus, as it was described in 2008, contained 12 species. However '' X. rubellus'' and '' X. engelii'' were transferred to the new genus '' Hortiboletus'' and '' X. armeniacus'' was transferred to the new genus ''Rheubarbariboletus'' in 2015. Molecular analysis supports the distinction of ''Xerocomellus'' species from ''Boletus'' and ''Xerocomus'', within which these species were formerly contained. ''Xerocomellus'' in fact is only distantly related to ''Xerocomus'' and is most closely related to ''Tylopilus'', ''Boletus'' sensu stricto, ''Porphyrellus'', ''Strobilomyces'', and ''Xanthoconium''. Taxonomy Members of the genus had been classified either in the genus ''Boletus'' or ''Xerocomus'' until Czech mycologist Josef Šutara examined a number of species and concluded that there was a defined group containing ''X. chrysenteron'', ''X. armeniacus'' and relatives that are distinct morphologically f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boletaceae
The Boletaceae are a family of mushroom-forming fungi, primarily characterised by small pores on the spore-bearing hymenial surface (at the underside of the mushroom), instead of gills as are found in most agarics. Nearly as widely distributed as the agarics, the family is renowned for hosting some prime edible species highly sought after by mushroom hunters worldwide, such as the cep or king bolete (''Boletus edulis''). A number of rare or threatened species are also present in the family, that have become the focus of increasing conservation concerns. As a whole, the typical members of the family are commonly known as boletes. Boletes are a group of mushrooms reasonably safe for human consumption, as none of them are known to be deadly to adults. Edible bolete species are especially suitable for novice collectors, since they pose little danger of being confused with deadly poisonous mushrooms, such as deadly ''Amanita'' species which bear gills instead of pores in their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi
A fungus (plural, : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of Eukaryote, eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and Mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a Kingdom (biology), kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of motility, mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single gro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trama (mycology)
In mycology, the term trama is used in two ways. In the broad sense, it is the inner, fleshy portion of a mushroom's basidiocarp, or fruit body. It is distinct from the outer layer of tissue, known as the pileipellis or cuticle, and from the spore-bearing tissue layer known as the hymenium. In essence, the trama is the tissue that is commonly referred to as the "flesh" of mushrooms and similar fungi.Largent D, Johnson D, Watling R. 1977. ''How to Identify Mushrooms to Genus III: Microscopic Features''. Arcata, CA: Mad River Press. . pp. 60–70. The second use is more specific, and refers to the "hymenophoral trama" that supports the hymenium. It is similarly interior, connective tissue, but it is more specifically the central layer of hyphae running from the underside of the mushroom cap to the lamella or gill, upon which the hymenium rests. Various types have been classified by their structure, including trametoid, cantharelloid, boletoid, and agaricoid, with agaricoid t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hop-hornbeam
''Ostrya'' is a genus of eight to 10 small deciduous trees belonging to the birch family Betulaceae. Common names include hop-hornbeam and hophornbeam. It may also be called ironwood, a name shared with a number of other plants. The genus is native in southern Europe, southwest and eastern Asia, and North and Central America. They have a conical or irregular crown and a scaly, rough bark. They have alternate and double-toothed birch-like leaves 3–10 cm long. The flowers are produced in spring, with male catkins 5–10 cm long and female aments 2–5 cm long. The fruit form in pendulous clusters 3–8 cm long with 6–20 seeds; each seed is a small nut 2–4 mm long, fully enclosed in a bladder-like involucre. The wood is very hard and heavy. The genus name ''Ostrya'' is derived from the Greek word (), which may be related to () "shell (of an animal)". Regarded as a weed tree by some foresters, this hard and stable wood was historically used to fashio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemical Tests In Mushroom Identification
Chemical tests in mushroom identification are methods that aid in determining the variety of some fungi. The most useful tests are Melzer's reagent and potassium hydroxide. Ammonia Household ammonia can be used. A couple of drops are placed on the flesh. For example, '' Boletus spadiceus'' gives a fleeting blue to blue-green reaction. Iron salts Iron salts are used commonly in '' Russula'' and Bolete identification. It is best to dissolve the salts in water (typically a 10% solution) and then apply to the flesh, but it is sometimes possible to apply the dry salts directly to see a color change. For example, the white flesh of '' Boletus chrysenteron'' stains lemon-yellow or olive. Three results are expected with the iron salts tests: no change indicates a negative reaction; a color change to olive, green or blackish green; or a color change to reddish-pink. Meixner test for amatoxins The Meixner test (also known as the Wieland test) uses concentrated hydrochloric ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basidiospore
A basidiospore is a reproductive spore produced by Basidiomycete fungi, a grouping that includes mushrooms, shelf fungi, rusts, and smuts. Basidiospores typically each contain one haploid nucleus that is the product of meiosis, and they are produced by specialized fungal cells called basidia. Typically, four basidiospores develop on appendages from each basidium, of which two are of one strain and the other two of its opposite strain. In gills under a cap of one common species, there exist millions of basidia. Some gilled mushrooms in the order Agaricales have the ability to release billions of spores. The puffball fungus '' Calvatia gigantea'' has been calculated to produce about five trillion basidiospores. Most basidiospores are forcibly discharged, and are thus considered ballistospores. These spores serve as the main air dispersal units for the fungi. The spores are released during periods of high humidity and generally have a night-time or pre-dawn peak concentration ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stipe (mycology)
In mycology, a stipe () is the stem or stalk-like feature supporting the cap of a mushroom. Like all tissues of the mushroom other than the hymenium, the stipe is composed of sterile hyphal tissue. In many instances, however, the fertile hymenium extends down the stipe some distance. Fungi that have stipes are said to be stipitate. The evolutionary benefit of a stipe is generally considered to be in mediating spore dispersal. An elevated mushroom will more easily release its spores into wind currents or onto passing animals. Nevertheless, many mushrooms do not have stipes, including cup fungi, puffballs, earthstars, some polypores, jelly fungi, ergots, and smuts. It is often the case that features of the stipe are required to make a positive identification of a mushroom. Such distinguishing characters include: # the texture of the stipe (fibrous, brittle, chalky, leathery, firm, etc.) # whether it has remains of a partial veil (such as an annulus or cortina) or unive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circumscription (taxonomy)
In biological taxonomy, circumscription is the content of a taxon, that is, the delimitation of which subordinate taxa are parts of that taxon. If we determine that species X, Y, and Z belong in Genus A, and species T, U, V, and W belong in Genus B, those are our circumscriptions of those two genera. Another systematist might determine that T, U, V, W, X, Y, and Z all belong in genus A. Agreement on circumscriptions is not governed by the Codes of Zoological or Botanical Nomenclature, and must be reached by scientific consensus. A goal of biological taxonomy is to achieve a stable circumscription for every taxon. This goal conflicts, at times, with the goal of achieving a natural classification that reflects the evolutionary history of divergence of groups of organisms. Balancing these two goals is a work in progress, and the circumscriptions of many taxa that had been regarded as stable for decades are in upheaval in the light of rapid developments in molecular phylogene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the Roman Republic it became the dominant language in the Italian region and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire. Even after the fall of Western Rome, Latin remained the common language of international communication, science, scholarship and academia in Europe until well into the 18th century, when other regional vernaculars (including its own descendants, the Romance languages) supplanted it in common academic and political usage, and it eventually became a dead language in the modern linguistic definition. Latin is a highly inflected language, with three distinct genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter), six or seven noun cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative, and vocative), five declensions, four ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
