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Rhapta
Rhapta () was an emporion said to be on the coast of Southeast Africa, first described in the 1st century CE. Its location has not been firmly identified, although there are a number of plausible candidate sites. The ancient ''Periplus of the Erythraean Sea'' described Rhapta as "the last emporion of Azania", two days' travel south of the Menouthias islands (Chapter 16). The ''Periplus'' also states that the city and port were ruled by South Arabian vassals of the Himyarite kingdom, particularly a certain " Mapharitic chieftain."Lionel Casson (ed.)''The Periplus Maris Erythraei: Text with Introduction, Translation, and Commentary''(Princeton University Press, 1989), p. 45. According to Claudius Ptolemy, Diogenes, a merchant in the Indian trade, was blown off course from his usual route from India, and after travelling 25 days south along the coast of Africa arrived at Rhapta, located where the river of the same name enters the Indian Ocean opposite the island of Menouthias. D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Periplus Of The Erythraean Sea
The ''Periplus of the Erythraean Sea'' (), also known by its Latin name as the , is a Greco-Roman world, Greco-Roman periplus written in Koine Greek that describes navigation and Roman commerce, trading opportunities from Roman Egyptian ports like Berenice Troglodytica along the coast of the Red Sea and others along the Horn of Africa, the Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean, including the modern-day Sindh region of Pakistan and southwestern regions of India. The text has been ascribed to different dates between the first and third centuries, but a mid-first-century date is now the most commonly accepted. While the author is unknown, it is a first-hand description by someone familiar with the area and is nearly unique in providing accurate insights into what the ancient Hellenic world knew about the lands around the Indian Ocean. Name A periplus () is a logbook recording sailing itinerarium, itineraries and commercial, political, and ethnological details about the por ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Menouthias
Menouthias () is an ancient trading town most commonly identified with either Madagascar, Pemba Island, Mafia Island or Zanzibar in Tanzania or East Africa, that existed from at least 50 B.C. Along with Rhapta and Azania, the settlement is mentioned in early Greek writings, such as the ''Periplus of the Erythraean Sea'', which describes Rhapta as "the last marketplace of Azania", two days' travel south of the Menouthias islands.Annabel Skinner, ''Tanzania & Zanzibar'' (2005), page 394, - See also * Azania * Rhapta Rhapta () was an emporion said to be on the coast of Southeast Africa, first described in the 1st century CE. Its location has not been firmly identified, although there are a number of plausible candidate sites. The ancient ''Periplus of the Er ... References Prehistoric Kenya Precolonial Tanzania Ancient Greek geography of East Africa Ancient Roman geography {{Africa-hist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azania
Azania () is a name that has been applied to various parts of southeastern tropical Africa. In the Roman period and perhaps earlier, the toponym has been hypothesised to have referred to a portion of the Southeast Africa coast extending from southern Somalia to the border between Mozambique and South Africa. during classical antiquity Azania was mostly inhabited by Southern Cushitic peoples, whose groups would rule the area until the great Bantu Migration. In 1933, G.W.B Huntingford proposed a theory of Azanian civilization existing in Kenya and northern Tanzania, between the Stone Age and Islamic period. It was supposed that these people were from Somalia where they eventually perished around the 14th to 15th-century. Ancient Azania Azania was a region in ancient Arcadia, which was according to Pausanias named after the mythical king Azan. According to Herodotus, the region contained the ancient town of Paus. The use of this name coincides with a reference in which Pliny t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blown Off Course
To be blown off course in the sailing ship era meant be to diverted by unexpected winds, getting lost possibly to shipwreck or to a new destination. In the ancient world, this was especially a great danger before the maturation of the Maritime Silk Road in the Early Middle Ages, finding expression in the writing of Cosmas Indicopleustes. Even in later eras, the ship could attempt to limit its divergence by tacking or heaving to, but it was often difficult to keep track by mere celestial navigation before the invention of the marine chronometer in the late 18th century. A number of "discoveries" during the Age of Discovery were accidentally found in this way, and the serendipity of being blown off course is also a trope in fiction. Accidental discovery may have played a larger role than previously acknowledged in early European colonialism in contrast to the idea of a centrally-planned program as by Prince Henry the Navigator, but it is also thought that the Austronesian expansion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Himyarite Kingdom
Himyar was a polity in the southern highlands of Yemen, as well as the name of the region which it claimed. Until 110 BCE, it was integrated into the Qataban, Qatabanian kingdom, afterwards being recognized as an independent kingdom. According to classical sources, their capital was the ancient city of Zafar, Yemen, Zafar, relatively near the modern-day city of Sana'a. Himyarite power eventually shifted to Sana'a as the population increased in the fifth century. After the establishment of their kingdom, it was ruled by kings from dhū-Raydān tribe. The kingdom was named Raydān.Jérémie Schiettecatte. Himyar. Roger S. Bagnall; Kai Brodersen; Craige B. Champion; Andrew Erskine; Sabine R. Huebner. ''The Encyclopedia of Ancient History'', John Wiley & Sons, 2017, 9781444338386.ff10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah30219ff. ffhalshs-01585072ff The kingdom conquered neighbouring Sabaeans, Saba' in c. 25 BCE (for the first time), Qataban in c. 200 CE, and Hadramaut, Haḍramaut c. 300 CE. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mountains Of The Moon (Africa)
250px, ''Jibhel Kumri'' or Mountains of the Moon as conceived in 1819 The Mountains of the Moon (Latin: ''Montes Lunae''; , ' or ''Jibbel el Kumri'') are a legendary mountain or mountain range in east Africa at the source of the Nile River. Various identifications have been made in modern times, the Rwenzori Mountains of Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo being the most celebrated. Ancient testimony People of the ancient world—especially ancient Greek geographers—were long curious about the source of the Nile. A number of expeditions up the Nile failed to find the source. Eventually, a merchant named Diogenes reported that he had traveled inland from Rhapta in East Africa for twenty-five days and had found the source of the Nile. He reported that it flowed from a group of massive mountains into a series of large lakes. He reported the natives called this range the Mountains of the Moon because of their snow-capped whiteness. These reports were accepted as true ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barbaria (region)
Barbaria was the name used by the ancient Greeks for coastal northeast Africa. The corresponding Arabic term, ''bilad al-Barbar'' (land of the Barbar), was used in the Middle Ages.Michael Peppard, "A Letter Concerning Boats in Berenike and Trade on the Red Sea", ''Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik'' 171 (2009), pp. 193–198. The name of Barbaria is preserved today in the name of the Somali city of Berbera, the city known to the Greeks as Malao.David M. Goldenberg, "Geographia Rabbinica: The Toponym Barbaria", ''Journal of Jewish Studies'' 50, 1 (1999), pp. 67–69. Greek sources According to the ''Periplus of the Erythraean Sea'', a 1st-century travelogue written by a Greek merchant based in Alexandria, Barbaria extended from the border of Egypt just south of Berenice Troglodytica to just north of Ptolemais Theron. From there to the Bab-el-Mandeb was the kingdom ruled by Zoskales (possibly Aksum), after which the "rest of Barbaria" extended to Opone. This second Bar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emporium (antiquity)
An emporium refers to a trading post, Factory (trading post), factory, or Market (place), market of classical antiquity, derived from , which becomes . The plural is ''emporia'' in both languages, although in Greek the plural undergoes a Semantic change, semantic shift towards . ''Emporium (early medieval), Emporium'' is a term that has also been used to describe the centres of heightened trade during the Early Middle Ages. ''Emporia'' varied greatly in their level of activity. Some seem to have functioned much like the permanent European trading colonies in China, India and Japan in the early modern period or those of the mediaeval Italian maritime republics in the Levant. Others were probably annual events for a few days or weeks like the medieval Champagne fairs or modern trade fairs. Examples Famous ''emporia'' include: * Elim (Bible), Elim, where Hatshepsut kept her Red Sea fleet; * Eilat, where Thebes, Egypt, Thebes was supplied with mortuary materials, linen, bitumen, nap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bantu Languages
The Bantu languages (English: , Proto-Bantu language, Proto-Bantu: *bantʊ̀), or Ntu languages are a language family of about 600 languages of Central Africa, Central, Southern Africa, Southern, East Africa, Eastern and Southeast Africa, Southeast Africa. They form the largest branch of the Southern Bantoid languages. The total number of Bantu languages is estimated at between 440 and 680 distinct languages, depending on the definition of Dialect#Dialect or language, "language" versus "dialect"."Guthrie (1967–71) names some 440 Bantu 'varieties', Grimes (2000) has 501 (minus a few 'extinct' or 'almost extinct'), Bastin ''et al.'' (1999) have 542, Maho (this volume) has some 660, and Mann ''et al.'' (1987) have ''c.'' 680." Derek Nurse, 2006, "Bantu Languages", in the ''Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics'', p. 2:Ethnologue report for Southern Bantoid" lists a total of 535 languages. The count includes 13 Mbam languages, which are not always included under "Narrow Bantu". ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bantu Expansion
Bantu may refer to: * Bantu languages, constitute the largest sub-branch of the Niger–Congo languages * Bantu peoples, over 400 peoples of Africa speaking a Bantu language * Bantu knots, a type of African hairstyle * Black Association for Nationalism Through Unity, a youth activism group in the 1960s * Bantu (band), a band based in Lagos, Nigeria * ''Bantu'' (album), a 2005 album by Bantu * Bantu FC, an association football club in Mafeteng, Lesotho *''BantuNauts RAYdio'', a weekly radio program on KABF in Little Rock, Arkansas See also * Bantu expansion, a series of migrations of Bantu speakers * Bantustan, designated land set aside for black Africans in South Africa during apartheid {{disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iraqw People
The Iraqw people () are a Cushitic languages, Cushitic ethnic group inhabiting the northern Tanzanian regions. They dwell in southwestern Arusha Region, Arusha and Manyara Region, Manyara regions of Tanzania, near the East African Rift, Rift Valley. The Iraqw people then settled in the southeast of Ngorongoro Crater in northern Karatu District, Arusha Region, where the majority of them still reside. In the Manyara region, the Iraqw are a major ethnic group, specifically in Mbulu District, Babati District and Hanang District. History Kerio Valley, Kenya The Iraqw have traditionally been viewed as remnants of Afro-Asiatic languages, Afro-Asiatic peoples who practiced agriculture and animal husbandry in the African Great Lakes, Great Lakes region — a succession of societies collectively known as the Stone Bowl Complex, ''Stone Bowl'' cultural complex. Most of these early northern migrants are believed to have been absorbed by later movements of Nilotic peoples, Nilotic and Bantu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burunge Language
Burunge (also Bulunge, Burunga Iso, Burungee, Burungi, Kiburunge, Mbulungi, Mbulungwe) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Tanzania in the Dodoma Region, by the Burunge people, a small community of about 28,000 native speakers that live in the Northeastern region of Tanzania. The Burunge belong to a cluster of Tanzanian groups known as Southern Cushites, which also categorizes Burunge as part of the South Cushitic language family.Lamberti, M. (1991). Cushitic and its classifications. ''Anthropos'', (H. 4./6), 552–561. The Burunge live in close proximity to other languages such as the Rangi, Gogo and Sandawe, and ultimately, their language and culture is endangered by dwindling number of speakers and absorption by larger tribes. Name Burunge is a language spoken by a clan of peoples of the same name, and it belongs to a larger "Cushitic" language family which is one of the largest and most important in East Africa. Thirty million people in the region trace their native ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
