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Republic, Michigan
Republic is an Unincorporated area, unincorporated community in Marquette County, Michigan, Marquette County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is also a census-designated place (CDP) for statistical purposes and no legal status as an incorporated municipality. The CDP had a population of 470 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, down from 570 in 2010 United States census, 2010. The community is located mostly within Republic Township, Michigan, Republic Township with a small portion extending north into Humboldt Township, Michigan, Humboldt Township. The Republic ZIP Code (49879) covers a much larger area than the CDP, including most of Republic Township and portions of Humboldt Township, plus portions of Mansfield Township, Michigan, Mansfield and Crystal Falls Township, Michigan, Crystal Falls townships in Iron County, Michigan, Iron County. History A post office called Republic has been in operation since 1873. The community was named after the Republic Iron Company. ...
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Census-designated Place
A census-designated place (CDP) is a Place (United States Census Bureau), concentration of population defined by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes only. CDPs have been used in each decennial census since 1980 as the counterparts of incorporated places, such as self-governing city (United States), cities, town (United States), towns, and village (United States), villages, for the purposes of gathering and correlating statistical data. CDPs are populated areas that generally include one officially designated but currently unincorporated area, unincorporated community, for which the CDP is named, plus surrounding inhabited countryside of varying dimensions and, occasionally, other, smaller unincorporated communities as well. CDPs include small rural communities, Edge city, edge cities, colonia (United States), colonias located along the Mexico–United States border, and unincorporated resort and retirement community, retirement communities and their environs. ...
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Mansfield Township, Michigan
Mansfield Township is a civil township of Iron County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 243 at the 2000 census and 236 in 2020. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which is land and (7.78%) is water. The Michigamme River flows through Mansfield Township. Communities *Colony Corners is an unincorporated community An unincorporated area is a parcel of land that is not governed by a local general-purpose municipal corporation. (At p. 178.) They may be governed or serviced by an encompassing unit (such as a county) or another branch of the state (such as th ... in the township *Mansfield Location is an unincorporated community in the township References {{authority control Townships in Iron County, Michigan Townships in Michigan ...
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M-28 (Michigan Highway)
M-28 is an east–west state trunkline highway that traverses nearly all of the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan, from Wakefield to near Sault Ste. Marie in Bruce Township. Along with US Highway 2 (US 2), M-28 forms a pair of primary highways linking the Upper Peninsula from end to end, providing a major access route for traffic from Michigan and Canada along the southern shore of Lake Superior. M-28 is the longest state trunkline in Michigan numbered with the "M-" prefix at . The entire highway is listed on the National Highway System, while three sections of M-28 are part of the Lake Superior Circle Tour. M-28 also carries two memorial highway designations along its route. Throughout its course across the Upper Peninsula, M-28 passes through forested woodlands, bog swamps, urbanized areas, and along the Lake Superior shoreline. Sections of roadway cross the Ottawa National Forest and both units of the Hiawatha National Forest. Some of the other landmarks ...
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M-95 (Michigan Highway)
M-95, designated the Leif Erickson Memorial Highway, is a state trunkline highway in the Upper Peninsula of the US state of Michigan. Running from Kingsford to near Champion in Humboldt Township, it is the main connection between Iron Mountain and Marquette along with US Highway 41 (US 41). M-95 was previously designated as M-45. The number was switched when US 45 was designated in Michigan. The trunkline incorporates a portion of the former M-12 which became US 2. A section of the highway near Republic was turned over to Marquette County during a rerouting of the highway in the 1940s, becoming County Road 601. Route description Starting on a bridge across the Menominee River, M-95 runs north along Carpenter Avenue in Kingsford. It turns east along Ludington Street in Iron Mountain and joins the US 2/ US 141 concurrency out of town to the north, following Stephenson Avenue. Near the state line northwest of Iron Mountain, M-95 turns northward as a solo ...
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Michigamme River
The Michigamme River ( ) is a U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map, accessed December 19, 2011 tributary of the Menominee River on the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in the United States. Via the Menominee River, its water flows to Lake Michigan Lake Michigan ( ) is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is the second-largest of the Great Lakes by volume () and depth () after Lake Superior and the third-largest by surface area (), after Lake Superior and Lake Huron. To the .... The Michigamme River flows from Lake Michigamme in Marquette County, through Dickinson County, Michigamme Reservoir, Peavy Pond and Michigamme Lake in Iron County to its confluence with the Brule River, forming the Menominee River. The confluence can be viewed from the dam on Michigamme Lake. In addition, there is a spillway from the Paint River which flows into Peavy Pond. See also * Mansfield Township, Michigan * Repub ...
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County Seat
A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government, or capital city of a county or parish (administrative division), civil parish. The term is in use in five countries: Canada, China, Hungary, Romania, and the United States. An equivalent term, shire town, is used in the U.S. state of Vermont and in several other English-speaking jurisdictions. Canada In Canada, the Provinces and territories of Canada, provinces of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia have counties as an administrative division of government below the provincial level, and thus county seats. In the provinces of Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia, the term "shire town" is used in place of county seat. China County seats in China are the administrative centers of the counties in the China, People's Republic of China. They have existed since the Warring States period and were set up nationwide by the Qin dynasty. The number of counties in China proper g ...
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Marquette, Michigan
Marquette ( ) is the county seat of Marquette County, Michigan, Marquette County and the largest city in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, United States. Located on the shores of Lake Superior, Marquette is a major port known primarily for shipping iron ore from the Marquette Iron Range. The city is partially surrounded by Marquette Township, Marquette County, Michigan, Marquette Township, but the two are administered autonomously. Marquette is named after Jacques Marquette, a French Jesuit missionary who had explored the Great Lakes region. Marquette had a population of 20,629 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, making it the largest city in Michigan north of the Tri-Cities (Michigan), Tri-Cities. Marquette is also the third-largest American city on Lake Superior, behind Duluth, Minnesota and Superior, Wisconsin. Marquette's urban area extends south toward the community of Harvey, Michigan, Harvey and west toward Negaunee, Michigan, Negaunee and Ishpeming, Michigan, Ish ...
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Ishpeming, Michigan
Ishpeming ( ) is a city in Marquette County, Michigan, United States. Located in the Upper Peninsula, the population was 6,140 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, less than it was in the 1950s and 1960s when the Iron ore mines employed more workers. A statue of a Native American figure, erected in 1884 in the small town square, is referred to as "Old Ish". Ishpeming Township, Michigan, Ishpeming Township is located to the northwest of the city but is administratively autonomous. Ishpeming is considered the birthplace of organized skiing in the United States and is the home to the National Ski Hall of Fame. The city was also prominently featured in the 2010 documentary ''Catfish (film), Catfish''. The name "Ishpeming" comes . Geography Ishpeming is in central Marquette County, west of Marquette, Michigan, Marquette, the county seat. It is bordered to the east by the city of Negaunee, Michigan, Negaunee. According to the United States Census Bureau, Ishpeming has a t ...
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Project Sanguine
Project Sanguine was a United States Navy, US Navy project proposed in 1968 for communication with submerged submarines using extremely low frequency (ELF) radio waves. The initially proposed system, hardened to survive a nuclear attack, would have required a giant antenna covering two-fifths of the state of Wisconsin. The proposed approach was never implemented because of protests and potential environmental impact. A smaller, less hardened system called Project ELF consisting of two linked ELF transmitters located at Clam Lake, Wisconsin and Republic, Michigan was built beginning in 1982 and operated from 1989 until 2004. The system transmitted at a frequency of 76 Hz. At ELF frequencies, the bandwidth (signal processing), bandwidth of the transmission was very small, so the system could only send short-coded text messages at a very low data rate. These signals were used to summon specific vessels to the surface to receive longer operational orders by ordinary radio or sa ...
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Communication With Submarines
Communication with submarines is a field within military communications that presents technical challenges and requires specialized technology. Because radio waves do not travel well through good electrical conductors like salt water, submerged submarines are cut off from radio communication with their command authorities at ordinary radio frequencies. Submarines can surface and raise an antenna above the sea level, or float a tethered buoy carrying an antenna, then use ordinary radio transmissions; however, this makes them vulnerable to detection by anti-submarine warfare forces. Early submarines during World War II mostly travelled on the surface because of their limited underwater speed and endurance, and dived mainly to evade immediate threats or for stealthy approach to their targets. During the Cold War, however, nuclear-powered submarines were developed that could stay submerged for months. In the event of a nuclear war, submerged ballistic missile submarines have to be ...
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Extremely Low Frequency
Extremely low frequency (ELF) is the ITU designation for electromagnetic radiation (radio waves) with frequencies from 3 to 30  Hz, and corresponding wavelengths of 100,000 to 10,000 kilometers, respectively. In atmospheric science, an alternative definition is usually given, from 3 Hz to 3 kHz.Liemohn, Michael W. and A. A. CHAN,Unraveling the Causes of Radiation Belt Enhancements. . EOS, TRANSACTIONS, AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION, Volume 88, Number 42, 16 October 2007, pages 427–440. Republished by NASA and accessed online, 8 February 2010. Adobe File, page 2. In the related magnetosphere science, the lower-frequency electromagnetic oscillations (pulsations occurring below ~3 Hz) are considered to lie in the ULF range, which is thus also defined differently from the ITU radio bands. ELF radio waves are generated by lightning and natural disturbances in Earth's magnetic field, so they are a subject of research by atmospheric scientist ...
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