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Reichskommissar
(, rendered as "Commissioner of the Empire", "Reich Commissioner" or "Imperial Commissioner"), in German history, was an official governatorial title used for various public offices during the period of the German Empire and Nazi Germany. German Empire Domestic In the unified German Empire (after 1871), Reichskommissars were appointed to oversee special tasks. For instance, there was a Reichskommissar for emigration (''Reichskommissar für das Auswanderungswesen'') in Hamburg. Presumably the same title is rendered as "German Imperial Commissioner" in the case of Heligoland, a strategically located once-Danish island in the North Sea, formally handed over to Germany by the UK on 9 August 1890 (under the Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty) and on 15 December 1890 formally annexed to Germany (after 18 February 1891 part of the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein): 9 August 1890 – 1891 Adolf Wermuth (b. 1855 – d. 1927) Colonial The title of ''Reichskommissar'' was used during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a Totalitarianism, totalitarian dictatorship. The Third Reich, meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", referred to the Nazi claim that Nazi Germany was the successor to the earlier Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and German Empire (1871–1918). The Third Reich, which the Nazis referred to as the Thousand-Year Reich, ended in May 1945, after 12 years, when the Allies of World War II, Allies defeated Germany and entered the capital, Berlin, End of World War II in Europe, ending World War II in Europe. After Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1933, the Nazi Party began to eliminate political opposition and consolidate power. A 1934 German referendum confirmed Hitler as sole ''Führer'' (leader). Power was centralised in Hitler's person, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German East Africa
German East Africa (GEA; ) was a German colonial empire, German colony in the African Great Lakes region, which included present-day Burundi, Rwanda, the Tanzania mainland, and the Kionga Triangle, a small region later incorporated into Portuguese Mozambique, Mozambique. GEA's area was , which was nearly three times the area of present-day Germany and almost double the area of metropolitan Germany at the time. The colony was organised when the German military was asked in the late 1880s to put down a revolt against the activities of the German East Africa Company. It ended with German Empire, Imperial Germany's defeat in World War I. Ultimately the territory was divided amongst Britain, Belgium and Portugal, and was reorganised as a League of Nations mandate, mandate of the League of Nations. History Like other colonial powers, the Germans expanded their empire in the Africa Great Lakes region, ostensibly to explore the region's rich resources and its people. Unlike other imp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Nels
Louis Nels (16 December 1855 – 13 November 1910) was a German government official who served as acting Reichskommissar in German South West Africa in 1890–1891. Trained as a lawyer, he later joined the German civil service. Beginning in 1885 he served under acting Reichskommissar Heinrich Ernst Göring (1839–1913) in Otjimbingwe, the colonial headquarters of German South West Africa. In 1890 he became a colonial judge, and shortly afterwards replaced Göring as acting Reichskommissar. Nels would maintain this position from August 1890 to March 1891, when he was succeeded by Curt von François (1852–1931). In 1891, he left German South West Africa, and afterwards was a consul in various foreign countries. Nels died on 13 November 1910 in Neuerburg, Germany. In 1911, botanist Hans Schinz published '' Nelsia'' a genus of flowering plants from Africa, belonging to the family Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae ( ) is a family of flowering plants commonly known ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Curt Von François
Curt Karl Bruno von François (2 October 1852 – 28 December 1931) was a German geographer, cartographer, Schutztruppe officer and commissioner of the German colonial empire, imperial colonial army of the German Empire, particularly in German South West Africa (today's Namibia) where he was responsible on behalf of Kaiser for the foundation of the city of Windhoek on 18 October 1890 and the harbor of Swakopmund on 4 August 1892. Life François was born in Luxembourg (city), Luxembourg of French Huguenot ancestry. He was the son of Prussian Army, Prussian general Bruno von François, who was killed in the battle of Spicheren. Curt's younger brother Hermann von François (1856–1933) served as a general in World War I and was one of the key contributors to the German victory at the 1914 Battle of Tannenberg (1914), Battle of Tannenberg. The writer Louise von François was his aunt. Like his ancestors, young Curt von François joined the Prussian Cadet Corps. He served as a soldie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eduard Von Knorr
Ernst Wilhelm Eduard von Knorr (8 March 1840 – 17 February 1920) was a German admiral of the Kaiserliche Marine who helped establish the German colonial empire. Life Born in Saarlouis, Rhenish Prussia, Knorr entered the Prussian Navy in 1856. While serving on the paddle steamer , he fought at the Battle of Tres Forcas against pirates off the coast of Morocco later that year. In 1859 he was promoted to (sub-lieutenant). From 1859 to 1862, he sailed with the transport ship ''Elbe'' on the Eulenburg expedition to the Far East. He was promoted to (lieutenant) in 1862 and during the Second Schleswig War, he captained the gunboat . He was promoted to (captain lieutenant) in 1865. On 12 November 1870, during the Franco-Prussian War, Knorr commanded the gunboat in a battle with the French aviso ''Bouvet'' near Havana, for which he was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class. In 1871 he was promoted to (corvette captain). Beginning in 1874, Knorr took part in a voyage through the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustav Nachtigal
Gustav Nachtigal (; born 23 February 1834 – 20 April 1885) was a German military surgeon and explorer of Central and West Africa. He is further known as the German Empire's consul-general for Tunisia and Commissioner for West Africa. His mission as commissioner resulted in Togoland and Kamerun becoming the first colonies of a German colonial empire. The ''Gustav-Nachtigal-Medal'', awarded by the Berlin Geographical Society, is named after him. Life and travels Gustav Nachtigal, the son of a Lutheran pastor, was born at Eichstedt in the Prussian province of Saxony-Anhalt. His father died of Phthisis pulmonum in 1839. After medical studies at the universities of Halle, Würzburg and Greifswald, he practised for several years as a military surgeon. He worked in Cologne, Germany. Nachtigal contracted a lung disease and relocated to Annaba in Algeria in October, 1862. He travelled to Tunis in 1863, where he studied Arabic, and took part as surgeon in several expeditions into C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Governor
A governor is an politician, administrative leader and head of a polity or Region#Political regions, political region, in some cases, such as governor-general, governors-general, as the head of a state's official representative. Depending on the type of political region or polity, a ''governor'' may be either appointed or elected, and the governor's powers can vary significantly, depending on the public laws in place locally. The adjective pertaining to a governor is gubernatorial, from the Latin root ''gubernare''. In a federated state, the governor may serve as head of state and head of government for their regional polity, while still operating under the laws of the federation, which has its own head of state for the entire federation. Ancient empires Pre-Roman empires Though the legal and administrative framework of provinces, each administered by a governor, was created by the ancient Rome, Romans, the term ''governor'' has been a convenient term for historians to describe si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heinrich Ernst Göring
Heinrich Ernst Göring (31 October 1839 – 7 December 1913) was a German jurist and diplomat who served as colonial governor of German South West Africa. He was the father of five children including Hermann Göring, the Nazi leader and commander of the Luftwaffe (German Air Force). Early life Göring was born in Emmerich am Rhein. He was the son of Wilhelm Göring (1791–1874), and his wife, Caroline Maria de Nerée (1815–1886). Career After a career as a provincial judge, the Dutch-speaking Göring was appointed as the first Imperial Commissioner of German South West Africa in 1885. (German commercial interests had forced the Imperial Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck, into creating a state-financed colonial administration to support his country's fledgling Protectorate of South West Africa.) Göring started by signing a "protection treaty" with the leading Herero chief, Maharero. The treaty of protection was not worth the paper on which it was written, as Göring was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German South West Africa Colonial Company
German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also German nationality law **Germanic peoples (Roman era) *German diaspora * German language * German cuisine, traditional foods of Germany People * German (given name) * German (surname) * Germán, a Spanish name Places * German (parish), Isle of Man * German, Albania, or Gërmej * German, Bulgaria * German, Iran * German, North Macedonia * German, New York, U.S. * Agios Germanos, Greece Other uses * German (mythology), a South Slavic mythological being * Germans (band), a Canadian rock band * "German" (song), a 2019 song by No Money Enterprise * ''The German'', a 2008 short film * "The Germans", an episode of ''Fawlty Towers'' * ''The German'', a nickname for Congolese rebel André Kisase Ngandu See also * Germanic (disambiguatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eugen Von Zimmerer
Eugen Ritter von Zimmerer (24 November 1843 – 10 March 1918) was an attorney, prosecutor and judge in Bavaria before he entered the colonial service in 1887 when he was in his 40s. He served in German colonies of Kamerun and Togo before being appointed as governor of Kamerun, serving between 1890 and 1893. Following that, Zimmerer was assigned to posts in Brazil, Chile and Haiti before retiring and returning to Germany. Early life, education and career Eugen Ritter von Zimmerer was born on 24 November 1843 in Germersheim, the son of a Bavarian officer and his wife. He attended high school in Bayreuth. From 1861 he studied law at the universities of Würzburg and Heidelberg. While in Würzburg, he was a member of the ''Corps Bavaria Würzburg'', the oldest of German student associations. Zimmerer began his legal career as an assistant in the District Court in Bayreuth. He held the positions of public prosecutor at the District Court of Straubing (1874), District Court Judge in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jesko Von Puttkamer
Jesko Albert Eugen von Puttkamer (2 July 1855 – 23 January 1917) was a German diplomat, colonial administrator, and military officer who served as colonial governor of German Kamerun from 1895 to 1907. Early life and career Jesko von Puttkamer was born to an aristocratic family. His father, Robert von Puttkamer, served as Interior Minister of Prussia, while his aunt, Johanna von Puttkamer, was the wife of Otto von Bismarck. Puttkamer studied law at various schools throughout Germany, and as a young man became notorious for engaging in gambling and prostitution. In 1883, he began his diplomatic career working at the German Consulate in Chicago. Colonial service In 1885, as a result of his frivolous lifestyle, Puttkamer was sent to the newly-established German colony of Kamerun in Africa, where he became a colonial diplomat, and was also drafted into the Imperial German Army as an officer in the Schutztruppe. He was eventually appointed by governor Julius von Soden ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ernst Falkenthal
Ernst is both a surname and a given name, the German, Dutch, and Scandinavian form of Ernest. Notable people with the name include: Surname * Adolf Ernst (1832–1899) German botanist known by the author abbreviation "Ernst" * Anton Ernst (born 1975), South African film producer * Alice Henson Ernst (1880-1980), American writer and historian * Bastian Ernst (born 1987), German politician * Britta Ernst (born 1961), German politician * Cornelia Ernst (born 1956), German politician * Edzard Ernst (born 1948), German-British academic * Emil Ernst (1889–1942), astronomer * Ernie Ernst (1924/25–2013), American judge * Eugen Ernst (1864–1954), German politician * Fabian Ernst (born 1979), German soccer player * Fedir Ernst (1891-1942), Ukrainian art historian * Gustav Ernst (born 1944), Austrian writer * Heinrich Wilhelm Ernst (1812–1865), Moravian violinist and composer * Jim Ernst (born 1942), Canadian politician * Jimmy Ernst (1920–1984), American painter, son of Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
