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Recovery Boiler
Recovery boiler is the part of kraft process of wood pulp, pulping where chemicals for white liquor are recovered and reformed from black liquor, which contains lignin from previously processed wood. The black liquor is burned, generating heat, which is usually used in the process of making electricity, much as in a conventional steam power plant. The invention of the recovery boiler by G.H. Tomlinson in the early 1930s was a milestone in the advancement of the kraft process. Recovery boilers are also used in the (less common) sulfite process of wood pulping; this article deals only with recovery boiler use in the kraft process. Function of recovery boilers Concentrated black liquor contains organic dissolved wood residue in addition to sodium sulfate from the cooking chemicals added at the digester. Combustion of the organic portion of chemicals produces heat. In the recovery boiler, heat is used to produce high pressure steam, which is used to generate electricity in a turbin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kraft Process
The kraft process (also known as kraft pulping or sulfate process) is a process for conversion of wood into wood pulp, which consists of almost pure cellulose fibres, the main component of paper. The kraft process involves treatment of wood chips with a hot mixture of water, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and sodium sulfide (Na2S), known as white liquor, that breaks the bonds that link lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose. The technology entails several steps, both mechanical and chemical. It is the dominant method for producing paper. In some situations, the process has been controversial because kraft plants can release odorous products and in some situations produce substantial liquid wastes. The process name is derived from the German word ''wikt:Kraft#German, Kraft'', meaning "strength" in this context, due to the strength of the kraft paper produced using this process. History A precursor of the kraft process was used during the Napoleonic Wars in England. The kraft process ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mitsubishi
The is a group of autonomous Japanese multinational companies in a variety of industries. Founded by Yatarō Iwasaki in 1870, the Mitsubishi Group traces its origins to the Mitsubishi zaibatsu, a unified company that existed from 1870 to 1946. The company, along with other major zaibatsu, was disbanded during the occupation of Japan following World War II by the order of the Allies. Despite the dissolution, the former constituent companies continue to share the Mitsubishi brand and trademark. While the group of companies engages in limited business cooperation, most notably through monthly "Friday Conference" executive meetings, they remain formally independent and are not under common control. The three main entities ('' gosanke'') are Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group (the largest bank in Japan), Mitsubishi Corporation (a general trading company), and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (a diversified manufacturing company). A 2020 estimate concluded that all the Mitsubishi compani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andritz AG
Andritz AG is an international technology group, offering plants, equipment, systems and services for various industries. The group's headquarters are in Graz, Austria. The group gets its name from the district of Andritz (Graz), Andritz in which it is located and is listed on the Wiener Börse, Vienna Stock Exchange. Andritz employs more than 29,100 employees at over 280 production and service facilities in over 40 countries. In 2022, the company reported a revenue of EUR€7.5 billion, and a net income of €402.6 million. Business areas As of January 2024 Andritz consists of four main business areas: *Hydro Power *Pulp and Paper *Metals *Environment & Energy Andritz Metals The business area Andritz Metals (former "Rolling Mills and Strip Processing") is the third-largest business unit. Andritz Metals designs, develops and erects complete lines for the production and further processing of cold-rolled carbon steel, stainless steel and non-ferrous metal strips, including furna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metso
Metso Corporation (natively ) was a Finnish industrial machinery company focusing on providing technology and services for mining, and aggregates industries. On 30 June 2020, Metso's partial demerger and combination of Metso Minerals business unit and Outotec took place. Two new companies started operations on 1 July 2020: Neles and Metso Outotec. History Metso was created through the merger of Valmet and in 1999. In 2013, Metso demerged into two separate companies: Metso Corporation and Valmet Corporation. 2000s By 2008, Metso had become Finland's ninth largest company and the number of Metso shareholders had increased from 25,000 to 42,000. Metso strengthened its market position and service capacity in growing markets, particularly in India and China. During 2008, the expansions to the Ahmedabad foundry and the Bawal factory in India were completed. Metso also purchased the paper machine technology of Japanese Mitsubishi Heavy Industries’ (MHI), making Metso the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gasification
Gasification is a process that converts biomass- or fossil fuel-based carbonaceous materials into gases, including as the largest fractions: nitrogen (N2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), and carbon dioxide (). This is achieved by reacting the feedstock material at high temperatures (typically >700 °C), without combustion, via controlling the amount of oxygen and/or steam present in the reaction. The resulting gas mixture is called syngas (from synthesis gas) or producer gas and is itself a fuel due to the flammability of the H2 and CO of which the gas is largely composed. Power can be derived from the subsequent combustion of the resultant gas, and is considered to be a source of renewable energy if the gasified compounds were obtained from biomass feedstock. An advantage of gasification is that syngas can be more efficient than direct combustion of the original feedstock material because it can be combusted at higher temperatures so that the thermodynamic upper limi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemrec
Chemrec AB (Chemrec) is a Stockholm, Sweden-based company that has worked on the development of black liquor gasification (BLG) technology for energy and chemicals recovery at pulp mills. The company's process for gasification of black liquor from the chemical pulp industry is claimed to increase the yield of high-value energy products from 15 to 16% in modern recovery boilers to 22–23% for the BLG electricity concept (BLGCC) or to 55% for the BLG bio fuel concept (BLGMF), with 90+% green-house gas reduction. Low-cost, low-grade and abundant biomass energy then needs to be brought to the mill for a feed-stock swap to replace the gasified black liquor as feed-stock for production of steam and electricity in a biomass boiler, resulting in a total yield from added biomass to bio fuels of 70% for the BLGMF concept. Ownership history Chemrec's technology originated in the mid-1980s with an invention by Jan-Erik Kignell who was awarded the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Scie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kraft Process
The kraft process (also known as kraft pulping or sulfate process) is a process for conversion of wood into wood pulp, which consists of almost pure cellulose fibres, the main component of paper. The kraft process involves treatment of wood chips with a hot mixture of water, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and sodium sulfide (Na2S), known as white liquor, that breaks the bonds that link lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose. The technology entails several steps, both mechanical and chemical. It is the dominant method for producing paper. In some situations, the process has been controversial because kraft plants can release odorous products and in some situations produce substantial liquid wastes. The process name is derived from the German word ''wikt:Kraft#German, Kraft'', meaning "strength" in this context, due to the strength of the kraft paper produced using this process. History A precursor of the kraft process was used during the Napoleonic Wars in England. The kraft process ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cleanability
Cleanability is a term used to describe a material's ability to have contaminants removed such as residue, stains, deposits, microorganisms, and dust. The term is applicable to materials used in the production of surfaces, tools, utensils, etc, that come into contact with media such as food, chemicals, or bio-hazardous materials that must be removed from the implements to prevent possible contamination of other media during later use. Highly cleanable materials will transfer little to no media from one batch to another if proper cleaning procedures are followed. Requirements In order to ensure optimum cleanability of the surfaces of machines and equipment, they must fulfill certain requirements. Where surfaces come into contact with media, no deposits may be formed which could impair product quality. Therefore, the surface roughness of such areas should be below 0.8 μm. If the degree of roughness is exceeded, resistances may develop during disinfection processes. These occur whe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Char Bed
Char may refer to: People *Char Fontane, American actress * Char Margolis, American spiritualist * René Char (1907–1988), French poet *The Char family of Colombia: ** Fuad Char, Colombian senator ** Alejandro Char Chaljub, mayor of Barranquilla **Arturo Char Chaljub, Colombian senator ** David Char Navas, Colombian senator **Sofia Daccarett Char, better known as Sofia Carson, American actress and singer * Char (musician), stage name of Japanese musician Hisato Takenaka (born 1955) Other uses * River Char, a river in Dorset, England *Char (chemistry), the solid material that forms during the initial stage of combustion of a carbonaceous material *Char (fish), a common name for fishes in the genus ''Salvelinus'', including Arctic char * Char ''(Ninjago)'', a character in ''Ninjago'' *Char Aznable, a fictional character from the ''Mobile Suit Gundam'' series *A char in ANSI/ISO C is a value holding one byte (which was the size of a character in legacy encodings such as ASCII) * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
