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Raghunandana
Raghunandana (c. 16th century CE) was an Indian Sanskrit scholar from the Bengal region. His writings include 28 Smriti digests on Hindu law and a commentary on the Hindu law code prevalent in Bengal, the ''Dayabhaga''. Life Raghunandana was born at Nabadwip to a Bengali Brahmin named Harihara Bhattacharya. He was a pupil of Srinatha Acharya Chudamani. His writings mention the works of Brihaspati Rayamukuta, a contemporary of the Bengal Sultanate, Bengali sultan Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah & Vidyaranya, Madhavacharya and are mentioned in the ''Viramitrodaya'' of Mitramisra (early 17th century). Thus, it can be inferred that Raghunandana lived around the 16th century CE. Other earlier texts cited by him include the ''Nirṇayāmṛta''. Tradition has it that he was a junior contemporary of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu & a batch-mate of Navya-Nyaya scholar Raghunatha Siromani. The various estimates of his lifespan include: * R. C. Hazra, Rajendra Chandra Hazra: 1520–1570 * Monmohan Cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dāya-Tattva
The Dāya-Tattva is a Hindu law treatise written by Raghunandana regarding the proper procedure for inheritance following the death of the father. It is considered by many to be a follow-up text to Jīmūtavāhana's digest, the ''Dāyabhāga''. Raghunandana is considered to be a "disciple" of Jīmūtavāhana, and his texts subsequently differ only slightly from the ''Dāyabhāga''. Translation * The ''Dāya-Tattva'' was translated by the famous Hindu jurist, Golapcandra Sarkar. Topics covered in the digest * Partitions made by the father * Partition among brother's after their father's death * Persons not entitled to a share * Property not eligible for partition * Inheritance procedure for one who dies without a son Location The ''Dāya-Tattva'' is followed in the Bengal region of India. Raghunandana is considered by many to be one of Bengal's greatest jurists.Kane, P. V., ''History of Dharmaśāstra'', (Poona: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, 1975), Volume I, Part II, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nirṇayāmṛta
The ''Nirṇayāmṛta'' (lit. "the nectar of decisions"), also transliterated as the ''Nirnayamrita'', is a 14th-16th century Sanskrit-language text by Allāḍanātha on determining auspicious times for Hindu religious ceremonies. It comprises four chapters (''prakaraṇa''s): ''vrata-nirṇaya'', ''tithi-nirṇaya'', ''śrāddha-nirṇaya'', and ''āśauca-nirnaya''. R. G. Bhandarkar classifies ''Nirṇayāmṛta'' among the '' dharma-śāstra'' texts. David Pingree's ''Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit'' records 24 manuscripts of the text which have several variations. Date and place Sources that quote the ''Nirṇayāmṛta'' include Raghunandana (16th century), the ''Nirnaya-sindhu'' (which also quotes Raghunandana), and Bhattoji Dikshita's ''Tithi-nirnaya'' (17th century). Alladanatha names one of his sources as the ''Parijata'': if this is same as the ''Madana-pārijāta'' (c. 1375 CE), Alladanatha must have lived sometime during the 14th-16th century. Allā� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nabadwip
Nabadwip (), also spelt Navadwip, historically known as Nadia, is a heritage city in Nadia district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is regarded as a holy place by Hindus, and is the birthplace of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. Located on the western bank of the Hooghly River, it is considered to have been founded in 1063 CE, and served as the old capital of the Sena dynasty. A center of learning and philosophy in medieval India, the city is still noted for its traditional Sanskrit schools. The Navya Nyaya school of logic reached its peak with the efforts of some well known contemporary philosophers of Nabadwip. The great Vaishnava saint, social reformer and an important figure of the Bhakti movement, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (1486–1534) was born here. It was after Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's birth that Nabadwip became an important center of pilgrimage for the Vaishnavas worldwide as well as for Hindus in general. Many who follow Gaudiya Vaishnavism visit Nabadwip to celebrate the bir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hindu Law
Hindu law, as a historical term, refers to the code of laws applied to Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs in British India. Hindu law, in modern scholarship, also refers to the legal theory, jurisprudence and philosophical reflections on the nature of law discovered in ancient and medieval era Indian texts. It is one of the oldest known jurisprudence theories in the world and began three thousand years ago whose original sources were the Hindu texts. Hindu tradition, in its surviving ancient texts, does not universally express the law in the canonical sense of '' ius'' or of '' lex''. The ancient term in Indian texts is Dharma, which means more than a code of law, though collections of legal maxims were compiled into works such as the Nāradasmṛti. The term "Hindu law" is a colonial construction, and emerged after the colonial rule arrived in Indian Subcontinent, and when in 1772 it was decided by British colonial officials, that European common law system would not be implem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bengali Language
Bengali, also known by its endonym and exonym, endonym Bangla (, , ), is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language belonging to the Indo-Iranian languages, Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family. It is native to the Bengal region (Bangladesh, India's West Bengal and Tripura) of South Asia. With over 242 million native speakers and another 43 million as second language speakers as of 2025, Bengali is the List of languages by number of native speakers, sixth most spoken native language and the List of languages by total number of speakers, seventh most spoken language by the total number of speakers in the world. Bengali is the Official language, official, National language, national, and most widely spoken language of Bangladesh, with 98% of Bangladeshis using Bengali as their first language. It is the second-most widely spoken scheduled languages of India, language in India. It is the official language of the Indian states of West ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Jones (philologist)
Sir William Jones (28 September 1746 – 27 April 1794) was a British philologist, orientalist, Indologist and judge. Born in Westminster, London to Welsh mathematician William Jones, he moved to the Bengal Presidency where Jones served as a puisne judge on the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William and also became a scholar of ancient Indian history. As part of his research, he was the first to assert the kinship of the Indo-European languages. Jones also founded the Asiatic Society in Calcutta in 1784. Early life William Jones was born in London; his father William Jones (1675–1749) was a mathematician from Anglesey in Wales, noted for introducing the use of the symbol π. The young William Jones was a linguistic prodigy, who in addition to his native languages English and Welsh, learned Greek, Latin, Persian, Arabic, Hebrew and the basics of Chinese writing at an early age. By the end of his life, he knew eight languages with critical thoroughness. Jones's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calcutta High Court
The Calcutta High Court is the oldest High Court in India. It is located at Esplanade Row West, Calcutta (Kolkata), West Bengal. It has jurisdiction over the state of West Bengal and the Union Territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The High Court building's design is somewhat based on the ''Lakenhal'' ( Cloth Hall) in Ypres in Flanders, Belgium. Currently, the court has a sanctioned judge strength of 72. History The Calcutta High Court is one of the three High Courts in India established at the Presidency Towns by Letters patent granted by Queen Victoria, and is the oldest High Court in India. It was brought into existence as the High Court of Judicature at Fort William by the Letters Patent dated 14 May 1862, issued under the High Courts Act, 1861, which was preceded by the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William. The court was formally opened on 1 July 1862. The building structure was designed by Walter Long Bozzi Granville. Despite the name of the city ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Raj
The British Raj ( ; from Hindustani language, Hindustani , 'reign', 'rule' or 'government') was the colonial rule of the British The Crown, Crown on the Indian subcontinent, * * lasting from 1858 to 1947. * * It is also called Crown rule in India, * * * * or direct rule in India. * Quote: "Mill, who was himself employed by the British East India company from the age of seventeen until the British government assumed direct rule over India in 1858." * * The region under British control was commonly called India in contemporaneous usage and included areas directly administered by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom, which were collectively called ''Presidencies and provinces of British India, British India'', and areas ruled by indigenous rulers, but under British British paramountcy, paramountcy, called the princely states. The region was sometimes called the Indian Empire, though not officially. As ''India'', it was a founding member of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jimutavahana
Jīmūtavāhana (c. 12th century) was an Indian Sanskrit scholar and writer of legal and religious treatises on Vaishnavism of early medieval period. He was the earliest writer on '' smriti'' (law) from Bengal whose texts are extant. Major works Jīmūtavāhana is known for his three major works. These three works are probably the parts of a bigger comprehensive digest, the ''Dharma Ratna''. His ''Kalaviveka'' is an exhaustive analysis of the auspicious ''kala'' (timings) for the performance of religious rites and ceremonies. This text also contains discussions on solar and lunar months. Based on the evidence of the last of a number of exact dates examined in this text, it is assumed that the text was written soon after March, 1093. His or or has dealt with (judicial procedure). The text is divided into five sections, ''Vyvaharamukha'', ''Bhashapada'', ''Uttarapada'', ''Kriyapada'' and ''Nirnayapada''. His magnum opus ''Dāyabhāga'' has dealt with the laws of inheritance base ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adhika-masa
Adhika-māsa (), also called the Adhik-mas, Mala-māsa, and the Purushottama-māsa, is an intercalated month in the Hindu calendar that is inserted to keep the lunar calendar aligned with the months of the year. The adhika-masa is an extra lunar month added to the solar calendar every three years so that the lunar and the solar years are synchronised, along with the agricultural cycle and seasons. Etymology ''Adhika'' refers to the Sanskrit word for additional or extra, while ''masa'' means month. Overview When the Sun does not at all transit into a new '' rāshi'' (30° sidereal zodiac) but simply keeps moving within a ''rāshi'' in a lunar month (before a new moon), then that lunar month will be named according to the first upcoming transit. It will also take the epithet ''adhika'' or "extra". The transition of the Sun from one ''rāshi'' to the next is called ''sankranti''. For example, if a lunar month elapsed without a ''sankranti'' and the next transit is into Mesha (Aries) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Janmashtami
Krishna Janmashtami (), also known simply as Krishnashtami, Janmashtami, or Gokulashtami, is an annual Hindu festival that celebrates the birth of Krishna, the eighth avatar of Vishnu. In certain Hindu texts, such as the ''Gita Govinda'', Krishna has been identified as supreme God and the source of all avatars. Krishna's birth is celebrated and observed on the eighth day (Ashtami) of the dark fortnight ( Krishna Paksha) in Shravana Masa (according to the amanta tradition). According to the purnimanta tradition), Krishna's birth is celebrated on the eighth day (Ashtami) of the dark fortnight (Krishna Paksha) in Bhadrapada Masa. This overlaps with August or September of the Gregorian calendar. It is an important festival, particularly in the Vaishnavism tradition of Hinduism. The celebratory customs associated with Janmashtami include a celebration festival, reading and recitation of religious texts, dance and enactments of the life of Krishna according to the ''Bhaga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Durga Puja
Durga Puja (ISO 15919, ISO: , ), also known as Durgotsava or Shaaradotsava, is an annual festival originating in the Indian subcontinent which pays homage to the Hinduism, Hindu goddess Durga, and is also celebrated because of Durga's victory over Mahishasura. It is the biggest festival of Bengali Hindus and the Indian state of West Bengal. Durga Puja in Kolkata, Durga Puja as celebrated in Kolkata, West Bengal's capital city, was inscribed on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists, intangible cultural heritage list of UNESCO in December 2021. In addition to West Bengal, Hindu Bengalis are native to Bangladesh and Indian state of Tripura, Barak Valley, Assam (Barak Valley), Jharkhand and Kosi-Seemanchal, Bihar (Kosi-Seemanchal); Therefore, Durga Puja is performed with great devotion in these places as well. The festival is observed in the Indian calendar in the month of Ashwin, Ashvin, which corresponds to September–October in the Gregorian calendar. Durga Puja is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
