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RDNA (microarchitecture)
RDNA (Radeon DNA) is a graphics processing unit (GPU) microarchitecture and accompanying instruction set architecture developed by AMD. It is the successor to their Graphics Core Next (GCN) microarchitecture/instruction set. The first product lineup featuring RDNA was the Radeon RX 5000 series of video cards, launched on July 7, 2019.AMD press release: The architecture is also used in mobile products. It is manufactured and Semiconductor device fabrication, fabricated with TSMC's 7 nm process, N7 FinFET graphics chips used in the Radeon RX 5000 series, Navi series of AMD Radeon graphics cards. The second iteration of RDNA was first featured in the PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X and Series S, Xbox Series X/S Video game console, consoles. Both consoles utilize a custom RDNA 2-based graphics solution as the basis for their GPU microarchitecture. On PC, RDNA 2 is featured in the Radeon RX 6000 series of video cards, which first launched in November 2020. RDNA 2 is also featured in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exynos
The Samsung Exynos (stylized as SΛMSUNG Exynos), formerly Hummingbird (), is a series of ARM architecture, Arm-based System on a chip, system-on-chips developed by Samsung Electronics' System LSI division and manufactured by Samsung Foundry. It is a continuation of Samsung's earlier List of Samsung systems on a chip, S3C, S5L and S5P line of SoCs. The first debut of Samsung's indigenously developed SoC is Samsung Hummingbird (S5PC110/111), later renamed as Exynos 3 Single 3110. Samsung announce it on July 27, 2009. In 2011, Samsung announced Exynos 4 Dual 4210 that was later equipped on Samsung Galaxy S II. Since then, Samsung has used Exynos as a representative brand name of their SoC, based on Arm Cortex cores. In 2017, Samsung launched their proprietary Arm ISA-based customized core designs, codenamed "Exynos M". Exynos M series core made a debut with Exynos M1 nicknamed "Mongoose", which was used for Exynos 8 Octa 8890. The Exynos M-series have been implemented throughout t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TSMC
Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited (TSMC or Taiwan Semiconductor) is a Taiwanese multinational semiconductor contract manufacturing and design company. It is one of the world's most valuable semiconductor companies, the world's largest Foundry model#Dedicated foundry, dedicated independent ("Pure play, pure-play") Foundry (electronics), semiconductor foundry, and Taiwan's largest company, with headquarters and main operations located in the Hsinchu Science Park in Hsinchu, Taiwan. Although the government of Taiwan is the largest individual shareholder, the majority of TSMC is owned by foreign investors. In 2023, the company was ranked 44th in the Forbes Global 2000, ''Forbes'' Global 2000. Taiwan's exports of integrated circuits amounted to $184 billion in 2022, nearly 25 percent of Taiwan's GDP. TSMC constitutes about 30 percent of the Taiwan Stock Exchange's main index. TSMC was founded in 1987 by Morris Chang as the world's first dedicated semiconductor foun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GDDR6 SDRAM
Graphics Double Data Rate 6 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory (GDDR6 SDRAM) is a type of synchronous graphics random-access memory (SGRAM) with a high bandwidth, "double data rate" interface, designed for use in graphics cards, game consoles, and high-performance computing. It is a type of GDDR SDRAM (graphics DDR SDRAM), and is the successor to GDDR5. Just like GDDR5X it uses QDR (quad data rate) in reference to the write command clock (WCK) and ODR (Octal Data Rate) in reference to the command clock (CK). Overview The finalized specification was published by JEDEC in July 2017. GDDR6 offers increased per-pin bandwidth (up to 16 Gbit/s) and lower operating voltages (1.35 V), increasing performance and decreasing power consumption relative to GDDR5X. Commercial implementation At Hot Chips 2016, Samsung announced GDDR6 as the successor of GDDR5X. Samsung later announced that the first products would be 16 Gbit/s, 1.35 V chips. In January 2018, Sam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Graphics Pipeline
The computer graphics pipeline, also known as the rendering pipeline, or graphics pipeline, is a framework within computer graphics that outlines the necessary procedures for transforming a three-dimensional (3D) scene into a two-dimensional (2D) representation on a screen. Once a 3D model is generated, the graphics pipeline converts the model into a visually perceivable format on the computer display. Due to the dependence on specific software, hardware configurations, and desired display attributes, a universally applicable graphics pipeline does not exist. Nevertheless, graphics application programming interfaces (APIs), such as Direct3D, OpenGL and Vulkan were developed to standardize common procedures and oversee the graphics pipeline of a given hardware accelerator. These APIs provide an abstraction layer over the underlying hardware, relieving programmers from the need to write code explicitly targeting various graphics hardware accelerators like AMD, Intel, Nvidia, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cache (computing)
In computing, a cache ( ) is a hardware or software component that stores data so that future requests for that data can be served faster; the data stored in a cache might be the result of an earlier computation or a copy of data stored elsewhere. A cache hit occurs when the requested data can be found in a cache, while a cache miss occurs when it cannot. Cache hits are served by reading data from the cache, which is faster than recomputing a result or reading from a slower data store; thus, the more requests that can be served from the cache, the faster the system performs. To be cost-effective, caches must be relatively small. Nevertheless, caches are effective in many areas of computing because typical Application software, computer applications access data with a high degree of locality of reference. Such access patterns exhibit temporal locality, where data is requested that has been recently requested, and spatial locality, where data is requested that is stored near dat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cache Hierarchy
Cache hierarchy, or multi-level cache, is a memory architecture that uses a hierarchy of memory stores based on varying access speeds to cache data. Highly requested data is cached in high-speed access memory stores, allowing swifter access by central processing unit (CPU) cores. Cache hierarchy is a form and part of memory hierarchy and can be considered a form of tiered storage. This design was intended to allow CPU cores to process faster despite the CAS latency, memory latency of computer data storage, main memory access. Accessing main memory can act as a bottleneck for computer performance, CPU core performance as the CPU waits for data, while making all of main memory high-speed may be prohibitively expensive. High-speed caches are a compromise allowing high-speed access to the data most-used by the CPU, permitting a faster clock rate, CPU clock. Background In the history of computer and electronic chip development, there was a period when increases in CPU speed outpaced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eighth Generation Of Video Game Consoles
The eighth generation of video game consoles began in 2012, and consists of four home video game consoles: the Wii U released in 2012, the PlayStation 4 family in 2013, the Xbox One family in 2013, and the Nintendo Switch family in 2017. The generation offered few signature hardware innovations. Sony Interactive Entertainment, Sony and Microsoft continued to produce new systems with similar designs and capabilities as their predecessors, but with improved performance (processing speed, higher-resolution graphics, and increased storage capacity) that further moved consoles into confluence with personal computers, and furthering support for digital distribution and games as a service. Motion controller, Motion-controlled games of the seventh generation of video game consoles, seventh generation had waned in popularity, but consoles were preparing for advancement of virtual reality (VR), with Sony introducing the PlayStation VR in 2016. Sony focused heavily on its first-party develo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xbox Series X/S
The Xbox Series X and Xbox Series S are the fourth generation of consoles in the Xbox series, succeeding the previous generation's Xbox One. Released on November 10, 2020, the higher-end Xbox Series X and lower-end Xbox Series S are part of the ninth generation of video game consoles, which also includes Sony's PlayStation 5, released the same month. Like the Xbox One, the consoles use an AMD 64-bit x86-64 CPU and GPU. Both models have solid-state drives to reduce loading times, support for hardware-accelerated ray-tracing and spatial audio, the ability to convert games to high-dynamic-range rendering using machine learning (Auto HDR), support for HDMI 2.1 variable refresh rate and low-latency modes, and updated controllers. Xbox Series X was designed to nominally render games in 2160p (4K resolution) at 60 frames per second (FPS). The lower-end, digital-only Xbox Series S, which has reduced specifications and does not include an optical drive, was designed to no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Processor (computing)
In computing and computer science, a processor or processing unit is an electrical component (digital circuit) that performs operations on an external data source, usually memory or some other data stream. It typically takes the form of a microprocessor, which can be implemented on a single or a few tightly integrated metal–oxide–semiconductor integrated circuit chips. In the past, processors were constructed using multiple individual vacuum tubes, multiple individual transistors, or multiple integrated circuits. The term is frequently used to refer to the central processing unit (CPU), the main processor in a system. However, it can also refer to other coprocessors, such as a graphics processing unit (GPU). Traditional processors are typically based on silicon; however, researchers have developed experimental processors based on alternative materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, diamond, and alloys made of elements from groups three and five of the periodic tabl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radeon RX Vega Series
The Radeon RX Vega series is a series of graphics processors developed by AMD. These GPUs use the Graphics Core Next (GCN) 5th generation architecture, codenamed Vega, and are manufactured on 14 nm FinFET technology, developed by Samsung Electronics and licensed to GlobalFoundries. The series consists of desktop graphics cards and APUs aimed at desktops, mobile devices, and embedded applications. The lineup was released on 14 August 2017. It included the RX Vega 56 and the RX Vega 64, priced at $399 and $499 respectively. These were followed by two mobile APUs, the Ryzen 2500U and Ryzen 2700U, in October 2017. February 2018 saw the release of two desktop APUs, the Ryzen 3 2200G and the Ryzen 5 2400G, and the Ryzen Embedded V1000 line of APUs. In September 2018 AMD announced several Vega APUs in their Athlon line of products. Later in January 2019, the Radeon VII was announced based on the 7nm FinFET node manufactured by TSMC. History The Vega microarchitecture was AMD's hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RDNA 2
RDNA 2 is a GPU microarchitecture designed by AMD, released with the Radeon RX 6000 series on November 18, 2020. Alongside powering the RX 6000 series, RDNA 2 is also featured in the SoCs designed by AMD for the PlayStation 5, Xbox Series X/S, and Steam Deck consoles. Background On July 7, 2019, AMD released the first iteration of the RDNA microarchitecture, a new graphics architecture designed specifically for gaming that replaced the aging Graphics Core Next (GCN) microarchitecture. With RDNA, AMD sought to reduce latency and improve power efficiency over their previous Vega series based on GCN 5th gen and Nvidia's competing Turing microarchitecture. RDNA 2 was first publicly announced in January 2020 with AMD initially calling RDNA 2 a "refresh" of the original RDNA architecture from the previous year. At AMD's Financial Analysts Day held on March 5, 2020, AMD showed a client GPU roadmap that gave details on RDNA's successor, RDNA 2, that it would again be built using ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
