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Quintilii
The gens Quinctilia, also written Quintilia, was a patrician family at ancient Rome, dating from the earliest period of Roman history, and continuing well into imperial times. Despite its great antiquity, the gens never attained much historical importance. The only member who obtained the consulship under the Republic was Sextus Quinctilius in 453 BC. The gens produced numerous praetors and other magistrates, but did not obtain the consulship again for over four hundred years.''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. III, p. 634 (" Quintilia, or Quinctilia Gens"). Origin The nomen Quinctilius is a patronymic surname, based on the praenomen ''Quintus'', meaning "fifth". ''Quinctilius'' is the correct orthography, but ''Quintilius'' is also quite common. The gens Quinctia is derived from the same praenomen. It was not unusual for multiple nomina to be derived from a common source; the Sabine name ''Pompo'' is the Oscan equivalent of ''Quintus'', and gave ris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patrician (ancient Rome)
The patricians (from ) were originally a group of ruling class families in ancient Rome. The distinction was highly significant in the Roman Kingdom and the early Roman Republic, Republic, but its relevance waned after the Conflict of the Orders (494 BC to 287 BC). By the time of the late Republic and Roman Empire, Empire, membership in the patriciate was of only nominal significance. The social structure of ancient Rome revolved around the distinction between the patricians and the plebeians. The status of patricians gave them more political power than the plebeians, but the relationship between the groups eventually caused the Conflict of the Orders. This time period resulted in changing of the social structure of ancient Rome. After the Western Roman Empire, Western Empire fell, the term "patrician" continued as a high Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy, honorary title in the Eastern Empire. In many Italian city-states, medieval Italian republics, especially in Republic of V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Numitor
In Roman mythology, King Numitor () of Alba Longa was the maternal grandfather of Rome's founder and first king, Romulus, and his twin brother Romulus and Remus, Remus. He was the son of Procas, descendant of Aeneas the Troy, Trojan, and father of the twins' mother, Rhea Silvia, and Lausus (son of Numitor), Lausus. In 794 BC Procas died and was meant to be succeeded by Numitor. Instead he was overthrown and removed from the kingdom by his brother, Amulius, who had no respect for his father's will or his brother's seniority. Amulius also murdered Numitor's sons, in an effort to remove power from his brother for himself.Livy I.3.10 Rhea Silvia was made a Vestal Virgin by Amulius, rendering her unable to have children on pain of death; however, according to myth, she was forcibly impregnated by the god Mars (mythology), Mars. Romulus and Remus Battle of Alba Longa, overthrew Amulius and reinstated Numitor as Latin kings of Alba Longa, king in 752 BC.Dionysius of Halicarnassus ''Roma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcus (praenomen)
Marcus (), feminine Marca or Marcia, is a Latin '' praenomen'', or personal name, which was one of the most common names throughout Roman history. The praenomen was used by both patrician and plebeian families, and gave rise to the patronymic '' gens Marcia'', as well as the ''cognomen Marcellus''. It was regularly abbreviated M.''Dictionary of Greek & Roman Biography & Mythology''''Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft''Mika Kajava, ''Roman Female Praenomina: Studies in the Nomenclature of Roman Women'' (1994) At all periods of Roman history, Marcus was the third-most popular praenomen, trailing only '' Lucius'' and '' Gaius''. Although many prominent families did not use it, it was a favorite of countless others. The name survived the Roman Empire and has continued to be used, in various forms, into modern times. Origin and meaning of the name The praenomen Marcus is generally thought to be derived from the name of the god Mars. It has been proposed that it wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucius (praenomen)
Lucius ( , ) is a Latin praenomen, or personal name, which was one of the most common names throughout Roman history.Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", pp. 156, 157. The feminine form is ''Lucia'' ( , ).Varro, ''De Lingua Latina'', ix. 60. The praenomen was used by both patrician and plebeian families, and gave rise to the patronymic gentes '' Lucia'' and '' Lucilia''. It was regularly abbreviated L. Throughout Roman history, Lucius was the most common praenomen, used slightly more than ''Gaius'' and somewhat more than '' Marcus''. Although a number of prominent families rarely or never used it,Mommsen, ''Römische Forschungen'', pp. 15–17. it was amongst the most frequently given names in countless others. The name survived the collapse of the Western Empire in the fifth century, and has continued into modern times. Origin and meaning In the treatise ''De Praenominibus'' (Concerning Praenomina), of uncertain authorship, Lucius is said to have been derived from ''lux'', l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sextus (praenomen)
''Sextus'' (), feminine Sexta, is a Latin ''praenomen'', or personal name, which was common throughout all periods of Roman history. It was used by both patrician and plebeian families, and gave rise to the patronymic ''gentes Sextia'' and '' Sextilia''. The name was regularly abbreviated Sex., but occasionally is found abbreviated S. (usually used for the praenomen ''Spurius''), or Sext.''Dictionary of Greek & Roman Biography & Mythology'' ''Sextus'' was about the tenth most-common praenomen for most of Roman history, although it became slightly more common in imperial times, as other praenomina declined in popularity. Many families did not use it, but it was widespread amongst all social classes, and was favored by some families. The name survived the collapse of Roman civil institutions in the 5th and 6th centuries, and has continued in use into modern times. Origin and meaning of the name ''Sextus'' is the Latin word for ''sixth'', and it falls into a class of similar praenom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Publius (praenomen)
Publius (), feminine Publia, is a Latin ''praenomen'', or given name, personal name. It was used by both patrician and plebeian families, and was very common at all periods of Roman history. It gave rise to the patronymic ''Publilia gens, gens Publilia'', and perhaps also ''Publicia gens, gens Publicia''. The name was regularly abbreviated P.''Dictionary of Greek & Roman Biography & Mythology''''Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft''Mika Kajava, ''Roman Female Praenomina: Studies in the Nomenclature of Roman Women'' (1994) Throughout Roman history, Publius was one of the most frequently-used praenomina, typically occupying fourth or fifth place, behind ''Lucius (praenomen), Lucius'', ''Gaius (praenomen), Gaius'', and ''Marcus (praenomen), Marcus'', and occurring with about the same frequency as ''Quintus (praenomen), Quintus''. The feminine form Publia was also quite common, and is found in numerous inscriptions as late as the 3rd century, and perhaps beyond. Or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hercules
Hercules (, ) is the Roman equivalent of the Greek divine hero Heracles, son of Jupiter and the mortal Alcmena. In classical mythology, Hercules is famous for his strength and for his numerous far-ranging adventures. The Romans adapted the Greek hero's iconography and myths for their literature and art under the name ''Hercules''. In later Western art and literature and in popular culture, ''Hercules'' is more commonly used than ''Heracles'' as the name of the hero. Hercules is a multifaceted figure with contradictory characteristics, which enabled later artists and writers to pick and choose how to represent him. This article provides an introduction to representations of Hercules in the later tradition. Mythology Birth and early life In Roman mythology, although Hercules was seen as the champion of the weak and a great protector, his personal problems started at birth. Juno sent two witches to prevent the birth, but they were tricked by one of Alcmene's servants and se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potitia Gens
The gens Potitia was an ancient patrician family at ancient Rome. None of its members ever attained any of the higher offices of the Roman state, and the gens is known primarily as a result of its long association with the rites of Hercules, and for a catastrophic plague that was said to have killed all of its members within a single month, at the end of the fourth century BC. However, a few Potitii of later times are known from literary sources and inscriptions.''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. III, p. 514 (" Potitia Gens"). Origin The story of the Potitii is inextricably intertwined with that of the Pinarii. According to legend, Hercules came to Italy a generation before the Trojan War, and was received by the families of the Potitii and the Pinarii. He instructed them in a form of worship by which they honoured him for generations. The priesthood of this cult was carried out exclusively by members of these two families, as a ''sacrum gentilicium''� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinaria Gens
The gens Pinaria was one of the most ancient patrician (ancient Rome), patrician families at Ancient Rome, Rome. According to tradition, the gens originated long before the founding of the city. The Pinarii are mentioned under the King of Rome, kings, and members of this gens attained the highest offices of the Roman state soon after the establishment of the Roman Republic, Republic, beginning with Publius Pinarius Mamercinus Rufus, Roman consul, consul in 489 BC.''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. III, pp. 366, 367 ("s:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Pinaria gens, Pinaria Gens"). Origin The origin of the Pinarii is related in two different traditions. The more famous of these held that a generation before the Trojan War, Hercules came to Italy, where he was received by the families of the Potitia gens, Potitii and the Pinarii. He taught them a form of worship, and instructed them in the rites by which he was later honored; but d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fabia Gens
The gens Fabia was one of the most ancient patrician families at ancient Rome. The gens played a prominent part in history soon after the establishment of the Republic, and three brothers were invested with seven successive consulships, from 485 to 479 BC, thereby cementing the high repute of the family. Overall, the Fabii received 45 consulships during the Republic. The house derived its greatest lustre from the patriotic courage and tragic fate of the 306 Fabii in the Battle of the Cremera, 477 BC. But the Fabii were not distinguished as warriors alone; several members of the gens were also important in the history of Roman literature and the arts.''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. II, p. 131 (" Fabia Gens").Homo, pp. 7 ''ff''.Smith, ''The Roman Clan'', pp. 290 ''ff''. Background The family is generally thought to have been counted amongst the , the most prominent of the patrician houses at Rome, together with the Aemilii, Claudii, Corne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lupercalia
Lupercalia, also known as Lupercal, was a pastoral festival of Ancient Rome observed annually on February 15 to purify the city, promoting health and fertility. Lupercalia was also known as ''dies Februatus'', after the purification instruments called ''februa'', the basis for the month named '' Februarius''. Name The festival was originally known as Februa ("Purifications" or "Purgings") after the ' which was used on the day.. It was also known as ' and gave its name variously, as epithet to Juno Februalis, Februlis, or Februata in her role as patron deity of that month; to a supposed purification deity called Februus; and to February ('), the month during which the festival occurred. Ovid connects ' to an Etruscan word for "purging". The name ''Lupercalia'' was believed in antiquity to evince some connection with the Ancient Greek festival of the Arcadian Lykaia, a wolf festival (, ''lýkos''; ), and the worship of ''Lycaean Pan'', assumed to be a Greek equivalent to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palatine Hill
The Palatine Hill (; Classical Latin: ''Palatium''; Neo-Latin: ''Collis/Mons Palatinus''; ), which relative to the seven hills of Rome is the centremost, is one of the most ancient parts of the city; it has been called "the first nucleus of the Roman Empire". The site is now mainly a large open-air museum whilst the Palatine Museum houses many finds from the excavations here and from other ancient Italian sites. Imperial palaces were built there, starting with Augustus. Before imperial times the hill was mostly occupied by the houses of the rich. The hill originally had two summits separated by a depression: the higher summit was called ''Palatium''; the lower ''Germalus'' (or ''Cermalus''). Using the Forma Urbis Romae, Forma Urbis its perimeter enclosed ; while the Regionary Catalogues of the 4th century enclose . Etymology According to Livy (59 BC – AD 17) the Palatine hill got its name from the Arcadia (ancient region), Arcadian settlers from Pallantium, named fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
