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Quadripartitus
The title ''Quadripartitus'' refers to an extensive legal collection compiled during the reign of Henry I, king of England (1100–1135).Wormald, ''Making of English law'', p. 236 The work consists of Anglo-Saxon legal materials in Latin translation as well as a number of Latin texts of legal interest that were produced after the Conquest. It ranks as the largest surviving medieval collection of pre-Conquest law and is the second to have been produced during Henry I's reign, after that contained in Cambridge, Corpus Christi College MS 383. First compiled for the use of Henry I's jurists and administrators, the ''Quadripartitus'' enjoyed immense interest for a considerable time afterwards and was consulted by legal scholars, including Henry de Bracton in the thirteenth century and John Fortescue in the fifteenth. Manuscripts No original manuscript is extant, but copies survive in six classes of manuscripts: :1. BL, Cotton MS Domitian viii, fos. 96r-110v. Incomplete. The manus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IV Æthelred
The ''Laws of London'', otherwise known as ''IV Æthelred'' (abbreviated ''IV Atr''), ''De institutis Lundonie'', the ''Institutes of London'' or the ''London Code'', is a medieval Kingdom of England, English legal text. Traditionally, it was assigned to the reign of King Æthelred the Unready (978–1016), but may represent a compilation of a later date, finalised as much as a century later. The work provides an important window into, among other topics, the nature of commercial exchange, and international contact in London in the 10th and 11th centuries.Naismith, "Laws of London", p. 5. Provenance Its surviving form is written in Latin language, Latin and is fully extant only in the manuscripts of ''Quadripartitus'', a twelfth-century legal compilation.Naismith, "Laws of London", p. 1. Legal historian Patrick Wormald noted that in the manuscript it is presented as an "extension of III Æthelred, III [Æthelred]" along with tracts on ''Pax'' ("peace") and ''Walreaf'' ("corpse ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leges Henrici Primi
The ''Leges Henrici Primi'' or ''Laws of Henry I'' is a legal treatise, written in about 1115, that records the legal customs of medieval England in the reign of King Henry I of England. Although it is not an official document, it was written by someone apparently associated with the royal administration. It lists and explains the laws, and includes explanations of how to conduct legal proceedings. Although its title implies that these laws were issued by King Henry, it lists laws issued by earlier monarchs that were still in force in Henry's reign; the only law of Henry that is included is the coronation charter he issued at the start of his reign. It covers a diverse range of subjects, including ecclesiastical cases, treason, murder, theft, feuds, assessment of danegeld, and the amounts of judicial fines. The work survives in six manuscripts that range in date from about 1200 to around 1330, belonging to two different manuscript traditions. Besides the six surviving manuscrip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
III Æthelred
The Wantage Code, sometimes referred to as ''III Æthelred'' (abbreviated ''III Atr''), is an early English legal text. Recorded in Old English, it is a record of laws that Æthelred the Unready (died 1016) and his councillors enacted at the royal manor of Wantage, Berkshire (now Oxfordshire). The enactments of the code are devoted primarily to the management of disputes and clarifying legal procedure, in particular the regulation of fines relating to the peace. In the case of one provision, the text specifically mentions the Five Boroughs of the Danelaw, and the code is of particular historical significance for the Danelaw and Anglo-Scandinavian Britain. Provenance The Wantage Code survives today in Old English within the manuscript known as ''Textus Roffensis'', originating in the early twelfth century and preserved by the medieval bishops of Rochester; and in a Latin translation within ''Quadripartitus'', another compilation work of similar date. It has been edited by Ben ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Doombook
The Doom Book, ''Dōmbōc'', Code of Alfred or Legal Code of Ælfred the Great was the code of laws ("dooms" being laws or judgments) compiled by Alfred the Great ( 893 AD). Alfred codified three prior Saxon codes – those of Æthelberht of Kent ( 602 AD), Ine of Wessex ( 694 AD) and Offa of Mercia ( 786 AD) – to which he prefixed a modified version of the Ten Commandments of Moses and incorporated rules of life from the Mosaic Code and the Christian code of ethics. Contents The title ''Doom Book'' (Old English ''dōm-bōc'') comes from the Old English word ''dōm'' meaning ''judgment'' or ''law'' – as in Alfred's admonishment to "Doom very evenly! Do not doom one doom to the rich; another to the poor! Nor doom one doom to your friend; another to your foe!" This reflects Mosaic Law, which says "You shall do no injustice in judgment! You shall not be partial to the poor; nor defer to the great! But you are to judge your neighbour fairly!" The C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Felix Liebermann
Felix Liebermann (20 July 1851 – 7 October 1925) was a German historian, who is celebrated for his scholarly contributions to the study of medieval English history, particularly that of Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman law. Life Felix Liebermann was born in 1851 in Berlin, then the capital of Prussia. He came from a Jewish-German family; his older brother was the painter Max Liebermann. Felix first pursued a career in banking and the textile industry, living for a time in Manchester, England. In 1873, he moved to Göttingen, Germany, to study early English history. Georg Waitz and Reinhold Pauli became his mentors. After his promotion in 1875 on the " Dialogue of the Exchequer" (), he rapidly earned a name for himself as a medievalist with a special focus on England. He served as an editor with the from 18771885. In 1896, he received honorary degrees from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge Cambridge ( ) is a List of cities in the United Kingdom, city and non-metropol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wulfstan II
Wulfstan (sometimes Wulfstan II or Lupus;Wormald "Wulfstan" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' died 28 May 1023) was an English Bishop of London, Bishop of Worcester, and Archbishop of York. He is thought to have begun his ecclesiastical career as a Benedictine monk. He became the Bishop of London in 996. In 1002 he was elected simultaneously to the diocese of Worcester and the archdiocese of York, holding both in plurality until 1016, when he relinquished Worcester; he remained archbishop of York until his death. It was perhaps while he was at London that he first became well known as a writer of sermons, or homilies, on the topic of Antichrist. In 1014, as archbishop, he wrote his most famous work, a homily which he titled the '' Sermo Lupi ad Anglos'', or the ''Sermon of the Wolf to the English''. Besides sermons Wulfstan was also instrumental in drafting law codes for both kings Æthelred the Unready and Cnut the Great of England.Mack "Changing Thegns" ''Albion'' p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medieval English Law
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of World history (field), global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and transitioned into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early Middle Ages, Early, High Middle Ages, High, and Late Middle Ages. Population decline, counterurbanisation, the collapse of centralised authority, invasions, and mass migrations of tribes, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The large-scale movements of the Migration Period, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legal Manuscripts
Law is a set of rules that are created and are law enforcement, enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior, with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been variously described as a Social science#Law, science and as the art of justice. State-enforced laws can be made by a legislature, resulting in statutes; by the executive through decrees and regulations; or by judges' decisions, which form precedent in common law jurisdictions. An autocrat may exercise those functions within their realm. The creation of laws themselves may be influenced by a constitution, written or tacit, and the rights encoded therein. The law shapes politics, economics, history and society in various ways and also serves as a mediator of relations between people. Legal systems vary between Jurisdiction (area), jurisdictions, with their differences analysed in comparative law. In Civil law (legal system), civil law jurisdictions, a legislature or othe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
12th-century Manuscripts
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It is the first and smallest positive integer of the infinite sequence of natural numbers. This fundamental property has led to its unique uses in other fields, ranging from science to sports, where it commonly denotes the first, leading, or top thing in a group. 1 is the unit of counting or measurement, a determiner for singular nouns, and a gender-neutral pronoun. Historically, the representation of 1 evolved from ancient Sumerian and Babylonian symbols to the modern Arabic numeral. In mathematics, 1 is the multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number. In digital technology, 1 represents the "on" state in binary code, the foundation of computing. Philosophically, 1 symbolizes the ultimate reality or source of existence in various traditions. In mathematics The number 1 is the first natural number after 0. Each natural numbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leis Willelmi
William the Conqueror, the first Norman King of England who reigned from 1066 until his death in 1087, created 10 laws for the English people to abide by after the Battle of Hastings. Laws * The first law stated that "First that above all things he wishes one God to be revered throughout his whole realm, one faith in Christ to be kept ever inviolate, and peace and security to be preserved between English and Normans." * The second law stated that every freeman shall make an oath that he will be loyal to king William and protect his lands. * The third law stated that the Normans that he brought with him shall have peace and if any of them is murdered then the lord shall seize him. * The fourth law stated that every Frenchman shall pay what they call Scot and lot. * The fifth law stated that one could only sell cattle in a city with three credible witnesses. * The sixth law stated that if a Norman shall charge an Englishman with a crime, then the Englishman can defend himself in suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Instituta Cnuti
The ''Instituta Cnuti'', in full ''Instituta Cnuti aliorumque regum Anglorum'' (''Institutes of Cnut and other kings of the English''), is a legal compilation that cites, in Latin translation, selected material of Old English law. It was put together by an Anglo-Norman cleric, possibly at Worcester, sometime after the Conquest, between 1066 and 1124. Contents The work consists of three sections. The first two contain passages from Cnut's two law codes (''I Cnut'' and ''II Cnut''), occasionally with amendments by the compiler to suit contemporary circumstances. The last section has material excerpted from the laws of Ine, Alfred, and Edgar (''II Edgar''), as well as unofficial legal tracts associated with Wulfstan, Archbishop of York, like '' Geþyncðu''. The selection shows that the translator took particular interest in (secular) Danelaw. The ''Instituta'' may be compared to the '' Consiliatio Cnuti'', which offers a near-complete Latin translation of Cnut's legislation. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
