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Qinghai–Gansu Sprachbund
The Qinghai–Gansu sprachbund or Amdo sprachbund is a sprachbund in the plateau traversed by the upper Yellow River, including northeastern Qinghai and southern Gansu. This has long been an area of interaction between speakers of northwestern varieties of Mandarin Chinese, Amdo Tibetan and Mongolic and Turkic languages. These families feature contrasting typologies, which spread between languages in the region. The languages have come to share many features, and differ significantly from their relatives outside the region. Languages The languages involved include *Chinese ** Hezhou, the language of the Hui people in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture (Gansu) and Tongren, Xunhua, Minhe, Ledu and Datong counties of Qinghai. ** Gangou, spoken in Minhe county (Qinghai). ** Tangwang, spoken in northeastern Dongxiang Autonomous County (Gansu). ** Wutun, spoken in the Upper and Lower Wutun villages, Tongren county (Qinghai). * Tibetic ** Amdo Tibetan, the Tibetic language of Qing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sprachbund
A sprachbund (, from , 'language federation'), also known as a linguistic area, area of linguistic convergence, or diffusion area, is a group of languages that share areal features resulting from geographical proximity and language contact. The languages may be genetically unrelated, or only distantly related, but the sprachbund characteristics might give a false appearance of relatedness. A grouping of languages that share features can only be defined as a sprachbund if the features are shared for some reason other than the genetic history of the languages. Without knowledge of the history of a regional group of similar languages, it may be difficult to determine whether sharing indicates a language family or a sprachbund. History In a 1904 paper, Jan Baudouin de Courtenay emphasised the need to distinguish between language similarities arising from a genetic relationship (''rodstvo'') and those arising from convergence due to language contact (''srodstvo''). Nikolai Trub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gangou Language
Gangou ( zh, s=甘沟话, p=Gāngōuhuà) is a variety of Mandarin Chinese that has been strongly influenced by Monguor (Mongol) and Amdo (Tibetan). It is representative of Chinese varieties spoken in rural Qinghai that have been influenced by neighboring minority languages.Feng Lide and Kevin Stuart, "Interethnic cultural contact on the Inner Asian frontier: The Gangou people of Minhe County, Qinghai." ''Sino-Platonic Papers'' 33 (1992), pp 4–/ref> Gangou Mandarin is spoken in Minhe Hui and Tu Autonomous County, at the very eastern tip of Qinghai, an area of the Gansu–Qinghai Sprachbund with a large minority population, and where even today Han Chinese were a minority in close contact with their neighbors. Many of the local Han may actually have little Chinese ancestry. The dialect has a number of common words borrowed from Monguor, as well as kinship terms from Monguor and Tibetan. Some syntactic structures, such as an SOV word order and direct objects marked by a pos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jianzha County
Jainca County, Chentsa County or Jainzha County (; zh, s=尖扎县 , p=Jiānzhā Xiàn) is a county in Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province, China, to Tibetans in the area known as Malho Prefecture, part of Amdo. There are six townships, three towns and a total of 79 administrative villages in Chentsa county. The county has an area of and a population of ~50,000 (2001), 67% Tibetan. The county seat is the town of Markhu Thang. Administrative divisions Jainca County is made up of 3 towns and 6 townships: Climate Jainca County has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen ''BSk'') and , at , on July 24, 2000. See also * Amdo Jampa * List of administrative divisions of Qinghai Qinghai, a province of the People's Republic of China, is made up of the following administrative divisions. Administrative divisions All of these administrative divisions are explained in greater detail at Administrative divisions of the People ... References External linksOffic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kangjia Language
The Kangjia language ( zh, s=康家语, p=Kāngjiāyǔ) is a Mongolic language spoken by a Muslim population of around 300 people in Jainca (Jianzha) County, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai province of China. As to its taxonomic affiliation, Kangjia seems to be an intermediate between Bonan language and Santa language The Santa language, also known as Dongxiang ( zh, s=东乡语 , t=東鄉語 , p=Dōngxiāngyǔ), is a Mongolic language spoken by the Dongxiang people in Northwest China. Dialects There are no dialects in strict sense, but three local varieti ... (Dongxiang). Phonology Kangjia has nine vowels. References Citations Sources * * External links The Website of China's Minority Language Studies (中国民族语言研究网) Agglutinative languages Southern Mongolic languages Languages of Qinghai Severely endangered languages {{Qinghai-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santa Language
The Santa language, also known as Dongxiang ( zh, s=东乡语 , t=東鄉語 , p=Dōngxiāngyǔ), is a Mongolic language spoken by the Dongxiang people in Northwest China. Dialects There are no dialects in strict sense, but three local varieties (''tuyu'') can be found: Suonanba (ca. 50% of all Dongxiang speakers), Wangjiaji (ca. 30% of all Dongxiang speakers) and Sijiaji (ca. 20% of all Dongxiang speakers). Phonology Compared to other Mongolic languages, there is no vowel harmony, except for a handful of suffixes. However, the rules governing this phenomenon are by far not as strict as those of Mongolian. Consonants Santa has 29 consonants: * The aspirated stops , at varying degrees, tend to be affricated before close vowels as respectively: ** : This has the most noticeable affrication, seen in (knife). ** : Still commonly affricated, e.g. (belt). ** : Affrication is salient, but seems to be more apparent with than , as in (chicken). ** : This consonant is the l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tongren County
Tongren (; zh, c=同仁, p=Tóngrén), known to Tibetans as Rebgong () in the historic region of Amdo, is the capital and second smallest administrative subdivision by area within Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai, China. The city has an area of 3465 square kilometers and a population of ~80,000 (2002), 75% Tibetan. The economy of the city includes agriculture and aluminium mining. Administrative divisions Tongren is made up of 3 towns and 8 townships: Demographics and languages The Amdo Tibetan is the ''lingua franca'' of Tongren and the surrounding region, which is populated by Tibetan and Hui people, as well as some Han Chinese and Mongols. The Wutun language, a Chinese- Bonan-Tibetan mixed language, is spoken by some 2,000 people in the two villages of Upper and Lower Wutun, located on the eastern bank of the Rongwo River. Culture The city has a number of Tibetan Buddhist temples and gompas, including the large and significant Rongwo Monastery of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jishishan Bonan, Dongxiang And Salar Autonomous County
Jishishan Bonan, Dongxiang and Salar Autonomous County is an autonomous county of Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, in Gansu province, China. It is located in the mostly mountainous area to the south of the Yellow River, near Gansu's border with Qinghai province. The total population was 239,390 in 2020; 64.9% were of an ethnic minority. The county's titular ethnic groups are the Bonan, Dongxiang, and Salar peoples. There are 21,400 Bonan people living in Jishishan, which accounts for 95% of all Bonan in China. The Bonan are known for their cultivation of Sichuan peppers and walnuts. Jishishan's local cuisine includes Bonan-style maisui baozi and lamb meat. History The area of present-day Jishishan County was formerly inhabited by the Qiang and the Xirong peoples. During the Warring States period, the Qin annexed the territory of present-day Jishishan County. In 278 BCE, it was incorporated into the Longxi Commandery as Fuhan County (). This organizational structure c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bonan Language
The Bonan language (pronounced , ''Baonang''; Chinese: , ''Bǎo'ānyǔ''; Amdo Tibetan: ''Dorké''), also known by its endonym Manikacha (Tibetan: ; Wylie: ''Ma ni skad ci''), is the Mongolic language of the Bonan people of China. As of 1985, it was spoken by about 8,000 people, including about 75% of the total Bonan ethnic population and many ethnic Monguor, in Gansu and Qinghai Provinces. There are several dialects, which are influenced to varying degrees – but always heavily – by Chinese and Tibetan, while bilingualism in Wutun is less common. The most commonly studied is the Tongren dialect. Bonan is not typically written by speakers, though there is a folk practice of writing Bonan with the Tibetan syllabary following Amdo pronunciation. Phonology Bonan phonology has been heavily influenced by Tibetan. Consonants possess a voicing contrast. Initial consonant clusters of mostly falling sonority are present in native words, as are heavy diphthongs, though the conten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sunan Yugur Autonomous County
Sunan Yugur Autonomous County ( zh, s=肃南裕固族自治县) is an autonomous county under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Zhangye, Gansu Province, China, bordering Qinghai province to the south. It is home to the majority of the Yugur ethnic group. The seat of government is in the town of (). The autonomous county spans an area of , and is home to a total population of 39,283 as of 2021. The autonomous county is ethnically diverse, with large populations of Han Chinese, Yugurs, and Tibetans, with none comprising a majority. Sunan Yugur Autonomous County consists of three separate areas: Mínghua District, situated in the plains in the northwest, and Huángcheng District, situated in the mountains in the southeast, are separated from the main part of the county. Toponymy The autonomous county's name refers to its location to the south () of Suzhou (), the former name of Jiuquan. History Sunan Yugur Autonomous County was established in 1954. Geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Yugur Language
Eastern Yugur is a Mongolic language spoken within the Yugur nationality. The other language spoken within the same community is Western Yughur, which is a Turkic language. The terms may also indicate the speakers of these languages, which are both unwritten. Traditionally, both languages are indicated by the term Yellow Uygur, from the autonym of the Yugur. Eastern Yugur speakers are said to have passive bilingualism with Inner Mongolian, the standard spoken in China. Eastern Yugur is a threatened language with an aging population of fluent speakers. Language contact Language contact occurs when speakers of two or more languages or varieties interact with and influence each other. The study of language contact is called contact linguistics. Language contact can occur at language borders, between adstratum ... with neighbouring languages, particularly Chinese, has noticeably affected the language competency of younger speakers. Some younger speakers have also begun to l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huzhu Tu Autonomous County
Huzhu Tu Autonomous County (; Monguor: ), or in short Huzhu County (), is an autonomous county under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Haidong, in the east of Qinghai province, China, bordering Gansu province to the northeast. It has an area of and approximately 370,000 inhabitants (2004). Its seat is the town of Weiyuan. The monastery of Chuzang, located in the town of Nanmenxia some northwest of the seat of Huzhu County, is listed as a national monument of China (since 2006). The Xining Caojiabao Airport (IATA: XNN, ICAO: ZLXN) which serves Xining, capital of Qinghai Province, is located in the county. Administrative divisions Huzhu is divided into 1 subdistrict, 7 towns and 9 townships, and 2 ethnic townships. *Gaozhai Subdistrict () *Weiyuan Town () *Danma Town () *Nanmenxia Town () *Jiading Town () *Tangchuan Town () *Wushi Town () *Wufeng Town () *Taizi Township () *Xishan Township () *Hongyazigou Township () *Halazhigou Township () *Dongshan Town ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monguor Language
The Monguor language (; also written Mongour and Mongor) is a Mongolic language of its Shirongolic branch and is part of the Gansu–Qinghai sprachbund (also called the Amdo sprachbund). There are several dialects, mostly spoken by the Monguor people. A writing system was devised for Huzhu Monguor (Mongghul) in the late 20th century but has been little used. A division into two languages, namely Mongghul in Huzhu Tu Autonomous County and Mangghuer in Minhe Hui and Tu Autonomous County, is considered necessary by some linguists. While Mongghul was under strong influence from Amdo Tibetan, the same holds for Mangghuer and Sinitic languages, and local varieties of Chinese such as the Gangou language were in turn influenced by Monguor. Phonology Vowels * Vowel sounds may also be nasalized when preceding a nasal consonant, in different environments. *Vowels may also undergo a devoicing process in certain phonetic environments. Consonants * can also be heard as allo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
