Jishishan Bonan, Dongxiang And Salar Autonomous County

Jishishan Bonan, Dongxiang and Salar Autonomous County is an autonomous county of Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, in Gansu province, China. It is located in the mostly mountainous area to the south of the Yellow River, near Gansu's border with Qinghai province. The total population was 239,390 in 2020; 64.9% were of an ethnic minority. The county's titular ethnic groups are the Bonan, Dongxiang, and Salar peoples. There are 21,400 Bonan people living in Jishishan, which accounts for 95% of all Bonan in China. The Bonan are known for their cultivation of Sichuan peppers and walnuts. Jishishan's local cuisine includes Bonan-style maisui baozi and lamb meat.

History

The area of present-day Jishishan County was formerly inhabited by the Qiang and the Xirong peoples.

During the Warring States period, the Qin annexed the territory of present-day Jishishan County. In 278 BCE, it was incorporated into the Longxi Commandery as Fuhan County (). This organizational structure continued into the Western Han.

In 81 BCE, Longxi Commandery was reorganized as Jincheng Commandery, and Fuhan County was placed under its jurisdiction. In 60 BCE, the county was reorganized as Heguan County ().

During the Eastern Han, under the , the area was reorganized under the jurisdiction of Fuhan County and Heguan County. In 36 CE, Jincheng Commandery was merged into Longxi Commandery.

In 184 CE, led local Qiang forces to rebel against the Han dynasty during the Liang Province rebellion. Song Jian ruled over the area for the subsequent 30 years. Song Jian's reign ended in 214 CE, when Cao Cao successfully sent general Xiahou Yuan to re-establish Han dynasty control over the area.

Following the fall of the Han dynasty, the area of present-day Jishishan fell under the jurisdiction of Cao Wei.

After the Cao Wei, the area was incorporated into the Western Jin under the Qín Prefecture. Around 301–302 CE, Liang Province governor Zhang Gui carved out a portion of to establish , which governed the area. Within Jinxing Commandery, present-day Jishishan County was organized as Linjin County ().

Sixteen Kingdoms period

During the subsequent Sixteen Kingdoms period, the area of present-day Jishishan County changed hands frequently. It was first conquered by the Former Liang, then by the Han-Zhao, then by the Later Zhao, then the Former Qin, then the Later Qin, then the Western Qin, and finally the Later Liang. In 412 CE, it was brought into the folds of the Northern Wei, which organized it as part of the . Upon the collapse of the Western Qin in 431 CE, the area was conquered by the Tuyuhun. In 445 CE, it was reconquered by the Northern Wei. Following the collapse of the Northern Wei, the area was a part of the short-lived Western Wei. In 546 CE, under the Western Wei, governor reorganized the area as . During the Northern Zhou, the area was split between Fenglin County and Fuhan County.

Sui dynasty

In the early parts of the subsequent Sui dynasty, the area belonged to the . The Fuhan Commandery was transferred to the jurisdiction of He Province in 583 CE, and then abolished altogether in 607 CE, and replaced by Linjing County.

Tang dynasty

The Tang dynasty established control over the area in 619 CE, and placed it under the jurisdiction of He Province. In 631 CE, the area was included in the newly established , which was abolished in 636 CE, and replaced with Michuan County (), which fell under the jurisdiction of He Province. The following year, part of the area was included in the newly established Anxiang County (). In 655 CE, Michuan County was moved north, and in 676 CE, Anxiang County was moved west. Following these changes, the area of present-day Jishishan County was divided between Anxiang County and Fuhan County. Later, the area was assigned to the , a form of military government. In 742 CE, Anxiang County was replaced by Fenglin County, which was placed under the jurisdiction of , in He Province.

Tibetan Empire and Song dynasty

In 762 CE, the area was conquered by the Tibetan Empire. In 848 CE, Tang dynasty general Zhang Yichao led a rebellion against the Tibetan Empire, and briefly conquered the area of He Province. The Tibetan Empire regained control of it shortly thereafter. The area belonged to the Tibetan Empire until the late 11th century, when general conquered the area for the Song dynasty. It was reincorporated as part of He Province.

Jin dynasty

The area was then conquered by the Jin dynasty in 1131. Under the Jin dynasty, the area became part of the newly formed .

Mongol Empire

In 1226, the Mongol Empire conquered the Western Xia, and conquered He Province and Jishi Prefecture.

Yuan dynasty

In the subsequent Mongol-led Yuan dynasty, the area was incorporated as part of Gongchang Circuit (). In 1269, He Province was replaced by Hezhou Circuit ().

Ming dynasty

The area was conquered by Ming dynasty general in 1370. It was placed under military governance the following year. The area's government organized it using the . Civil governance was installed in 1373, and the area was organized as Anxiang County, which was under the jurisdiction of Hezhou Fu (). In 1473, He Province was re-established.

Qing dynasty

In the early Qing dynasty, He Province was put under the jurisdiction of . The local government stopped using the lijia system in 1705, and replaced it with the huishe system (). In 1762, He Province was revoked, and replaced with .

Republic of China

Upon the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912, the area was reorganized as , in Gansu province. In 1913, Lintao Fu was abolished, and the area was reorganized as Daohe County (). In 1929, Daohe County was reorganized as Linxia County. Following this change, the area of present-day Jishishan County was split between Linxia County and nearby Xunhua County.

People's Republic of China

In August 1949, the area was captured by the People's Liberation Army, and became part of the People's Republic of China.

At the end of 1958, Linxia County was merged into the city of Linxia, although this would be reverted in 1961.

On 14 June 1980, Jishishan Bonan, Dongxiang and Salar Autonomous County was established.

Jishishan County was the site of the epicenter of an earthquake which killed 146 people on 18 December 2023.

Administrative divisions

Jishishan County administers 7 towns and 10 townships.

Towns

Jishishan County administers the following 7 towns:
:

Townships

Jishishan County administers the following 10 townships:

Notes

References

External links

Official website of Jishishan County Government

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County-level divisions of Gansu
Autonomous counties of the People's Republic of China
Bonans
Dongxiang people
Salar people
Salar autonomous counties