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QLever
QLever (pronounced , as in "clever") is an Open-source software, open-source triplestore and graph database developed by a team at the University of Freiburg led by Hannah Bast. QLever performs high-performance queries of semantic Web knowledge bases, including full-text search within text corpuses. A specialized user interface for QLever predictively autocompletes SPARQL queries. Characteristics A 2023 study compared QLever with Virtuoso Universal Server, Virtuoso, Blazegraph, GraphDB, Stardog, Apache Jena, and Oxigraph. The study investigated a QLever version from 2021, concluding that it achieved fast execution of successful queries but offered limited support for complex SPARQL constructs. Contents The official QLever instance provides API endpoints for querying the following datasets: * Wikidata * Wikimedia Commons * Freebase (database), Freebase * OpenStreetMap * OpenHistoricalMap * UniProt * PubChem * DBLP * OpenCitations * IMDb * Integrated Authority File * YAGO (dat ...
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GeoSPARQL
GeoSPARQL is a model for representing and querying geospatial linked data for the Semantic Web. It is standardized by the Open Geospatial Consortium as OGC GeoSPARQL. The definition of a small ontology based on well-understood OGC standards is intended to provide a standardized exchange basis for geospatial RDF data which can support both qualitative and quantitative spatial reasoning and querying with the SPARQL database query language. The Ordnance Survey Linked Data Platform uses OWL mappings for GeoSPARQL equivalent properties in its vocabulary. ThLinkedGeoDatadata set is a work of the Agile Knowledge Engineering and Semantic Web (AKSW) research group at the University of Leipzig, a group mostly known for DBpedia, that uses the GeoSPARQL vocabulary to represent OpenStreetMap data. In particular, GeoSPARQL provides for: * a small topological ontology in RDFS/ OWL for representation using ** Geography Markup Language (GML) and well-known text representation of geometry (WKT ...
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OpenStreetMap
OpenStreetMap (abbreviated OSM) is a free, Open Database License, open geographic database, map database updated and maintained by a community of volunteers via open collaboration. Contributors collect data from surveying, surveys, trace from Aerial photography, aerial photo imagery or satellite imagery, and import from other freely licensed geodata sources. OpenStreetMap is Free content, freely licensed under the Open Database License and is commonly used to make electronic maps, inform turn-by-turn navigation, and assist in humanitarian aid and Data and information visualization, data visualisation. OpenStreetMap uses its own data model to store geographical features which can then be exported into other GIS file formats. The OpenStreetMap website itself is an Web mapping, online map, geodata search engine, and editor. OpenStreetMap was created by Steve Coast in response to the Ordnance Survey, the United Kingdom's national mapping agency, failing to release its data to the pub ...
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Hannah Bast
Hannah Bast is a German computer scientist known for her work on routing in transportation networks and search engines. She works as a professor at the University of Freiburg, where she holds the chair in algorithms and data structures and is dean of the faculty of engineering. She is one of the members of the Enquete Commission on Artificial Intelligence of the German federal parliament. Bast studied at Saarland University, earning bachelor's degrees in mathematics and computer science in 1990, a master's degree in computer science in 1994, and a doctorate in 2000. Her dissertation, supervised by Kurt Mehlhorn, was ''Provably Optimal Scheduling of Similar Tasks''. She worked as a researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Informatics until 2007, and as a visiting scientist at Google from 2008 to 2009, before moving to Freiburg in 2009. Bast was program chair for Track B (Engineering and Applications) of the 2018 European Symposium on Algorithms, where she conducted an experim ...
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Wikidata
Wikidata is a collaboratively edited multilingual knowledge graph hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. It is a common source of open data that Wikimedia projects such as Wikipedia, and anyone else, are able to use under the CC0 public domain license. Wikidata is a wiki powered by the software MediaWiki, including its extension for semi-structured data, the Wikibase. As of early 2025, Wikidata had 1.65 billion item statements ( semantic triples). Concept Wikidata is a document-oriented database, focusing on ''items'', which represent any kind of topic, concept, or object. Each item is allocated a unique persistent identifier called its ''QID'', a positive integer prefixed with the upper-case letter "Q". This makes it possible to provide translations of the basic information describing the topic each item covers without favouring any particular language. Some examples of items and their QIDs are , , , , and . Item ''labels'' do not need to be unique. For example, th ...
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DBpedia
DBpedia (from "DB" for "database") is a project aiming to extract structured content from the information created in the Wikipedia project. This structured information is made available on the World Wide Web using OpenLink Virtuoso. DBpedia allows users to semantically query relationships and properties of Wikipedia resources, including links to other related datasets. The project was heralded as "one of the more famous pieces" of the decentralized Linked Data effort by Tim Berners-Lee, one of the Web's pioneers. As of June 2021, DBPedia contained over 850 million triples. Background The project was started by people at the Free University of Berlin and Leipzig University''DBpedia: A Nucleus for a Web of Open Data'', available a in collaboration with OpenLink Software, and is now maintained by people at the University of Mannheim and Leipzig University. The first publicly available dataset was published in 2007. The data is made available under free licenses (CC BY- ...
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YAGO (database)
YAGO (Yet Another Great Ontology) is an open source knowledge base developed at the Max Planck Institute for Informatics in Saarbrücken. It is automatically extracted from Wikidata and Schema.org. YAGO4, which was released in 2020, combines data that was extracted from Wikidata with relationship designators from Schema.org. The previous version of YAGO, YAGO3, had knowledge of more than 10 million entities and contained more than 120 million facts about these entities. The information in YAGO3 was extracted from Wikipedia (e.g., categories, redirects, infoboxes), WordNet (e.g., synsets, hyponymy), and GeoNames. The accuracy of YAGO was manually evaluated to be above 95% on a sample of facts. To integrate it to the linked data cloud, YAGO has been linked to the DBpedia ontology and to the SUMO ontology. YAGO3 is provided in Turtle and tsv formats. Dumps of the whole database are available, as well as thematic and specialized dumps. It can also be queried through various online ...
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Integrated Authority File
The (translated as ''Integrated Authority File'') or GND is an international authority file for the organisation of personal names, subject headings and corporate bodies from catalogues. It is used mainly for documentation in libraries and increasingly also by archives and museums. The GND is managed by the German National Library (; DNB) in cooperation with various regional library networks in German-speaking Europe and other partners. The GND falls under the Creative Commons Zero (CC0) licence. The GND specification provides a hierarchy of high-level entities and sub-classes, useful in library classification, and an approach to unambiguous identification of single elements. It also comprises an ontology intended for knowledge representation in the semantic web The Semantic Web, sometimes known as Web 3.0, is an extension of the World Wide Web through standards set by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). The goal of the Semantic Web is to make Internet data ma ...
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IMDb
IMDb, historically known as the Internet Movie Database, is an online database of information related to films, television series, podcasts, home videos, video games, and streaming content online – including cast, production crew and biographies, plot summaries, trivia, ratings, and fan and critical reviews. IMDb began as a fan-operated movie database on the Usenet group "rec.arts.movies" in 1990, and moved to the Web in 1993. Since 1998, it has been owned and operated by IMDb.com, Inc., a subsidiary of Amazon. The site's message boards were disabled in February 2017. , IMDb was the 51st most visited website on the Internet, as ranked by Semrush. the database contained some million titles (including television episodes), million person records, and 83 million registered users. Features User profile pages show a user's registration date and, optionally, their personal ratings of titles. Since 2015, "badges" can be added showing a count of contributions. These badges rang ...
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OpenCitations
OpenCitations (established in 2010) is a project aiming to publish open bibliographic citation information in RDF. It produces the "OpenCitations Corpus" citation database in the process. Datasets OpenCitations publishes the following datasets which encompass bibliographic data, citation metadata, and in-text reference data. The datasets can be accessed via SPARQL, a REST API, as dumps on Figshare, as individual bibliographic entities, or using OSCAR (OpenCitations RDF Search Application) or Lucinda (The OpenCitations RDF Resource Browser). OpenCitations Corpus The OpenCitations Corpus (OCC) is an open repository of scholarly citation data. The repository is released under the CC0 public domain to ensure that the scholarly citation data is open to all. As of March 19, 2022, the OCC has ingested the references from 326,743 citing bibliographic resources and contains information about 13,964,148 citation links to 7,565,367 cited resources. OpenCitations Indexes The Ope ...
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DBLP
DBLP is a computer science bibliography website. Starting in 1993 at Universität Trier in Germany, it grew from a small collection of HTML files and became an organization hosting a database and logic programming bibliography site. Since November 2018, DBLP is a branch of Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (LZI). DBLP listed more than 5.4 million journal articles, conference papers, and other publications on computer science in December 2020, up from about 14,000 in 1995 and 3.66 million in July 2016. All important journals on computer science are tracked. Proceedings papers of many conferences are also tracked. It is mirrored at three sites across the Internet. For his work on maintaining DBLP, Michael Ley received an award from the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and the VLDB Endowment Special Recognition Award in 1997. Furthermore, he was awarded the ACM Distinguished Service Award for "creating, developing, and curating DBLP" in 2019. ''DBLP'' ...
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PubChem
PubChem is a database of Chemistry, chemical molecules and their activities against biological assays. The system is maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), a component of the National Library of Medicine, which is part of the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH). PubChem can be accessed for free through a web user interface. Millions of compound structures and descriptive datasets can be freely downloaded via FTP. PubChem contains multiple substance descriptions and small molecules with fewer than 100 atoms and 1,000 bonds. More than 80 database vendors contribute to the growing PubChem database. History PubChem was released in 2004 as a component of the Molecular Libraries Program (MLP) of the NIH. As of November 2015, PubChem contains more than 150 million depositor-provided substance descriptions, 60 million unique chemical structures, and 225 million biological activity test results (from over 1 million assay experiments performe ...
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UniProt
UniProt is a freely accessible database of protein sequence and functional information, many entries being derived from genome sequencing projects. It contains a large amount of information about the biological function of proteins derived from the research literature. It is maintained by the UniProt consortium, which consists of several European bioinformatics organisations and a foundation from Washington, DC, USA. The UniProt consortium The UniProt consortium comprises the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI), the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), and the Protein Information Resource (PIR). EBI, located at the Wellcome Trust Genome Campus in Hinxton, UK, hosts a large resource of bioinformatics databases and services. SIB, located in Geneva, Switzerland, maintains the ExPASy (Expert Protein Analysis System) servers that are a central resource for proteomics tools and databases. PIR, hosted by the National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF) at the George ...
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