|
Pukara
Pukara (Aymara and Quechuan "fortress", Hispanicized spellings ''pucara, pucará'') is a defensive hilltop site or fortification built by the prehispanic and historic inhabitants of the central Andean area (from Ecuador to central Chile and northwestern Argentina). In some cases, these sites acted as temporary fortified refuges during periods of increased conflict, while other sites show evidence for permanent occupation. Emerging as a major site type during the Late Intermediate Period (c. 1000-1430AD), the pukara form was adopted in some areas by the Inca military in contested borderlands of the Inca Empire. The Spanish also referred to the Mapuche earthen forts built during the Arauco War in the 16th and 17th centuries by this term. Today, the term is commonly found in toponyms of the Andes region, e.g. Andalicán, Pucará de Angol, Camiña, Cañete, Nama, Quiapo, Tilcara, Turi, Pucara del Cerro La Muralla, Pukara of La Compañía, Pukara de Lasana, Pucará de Belén ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pukara De Quitor
Pukara (Aymara language, Aymara and Quechuan languages, Quechuan "fortress", Hispanicized spellings ''pucara, pucará'') is a defensive hilltop site or fortification built by the prehispanic and historic inhabitants of the central Andean area (from Ecuador to central Chile and Argentine Northwest, northwestern Argentina). In some cases, these sites acted as temporary fortified refuges during periods of increased conflict, while other sites show evidence for permanent occupation. Emerging as a major site type during the Late Intermediate Period (c. 1000-1430AD), the pukara form was adopted in some areas by the Inca military in contested borderlands of the Inca Empire. The Spanish also referred to the Mapuche earthen forts built during the Arauco War in the 16th and 17th centuries by this term. Today, the term is commonly found in toponymy, toponyms of the Andes region, e.g. Andalicán, Battle of Angol, Pucará de Angol, Camiña, Cañete, Chile, Cañete, Nama (Chile), Nama, Quiapo, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pambamarca Fortress Complex
The Pambamarca Fortress Complex consists of the ruins of a large number of pukaras (hilltop forts) and other constructions of the Inca Empire. The fortresses were constructed in the late 15th century by the Incas to overcome the opposition of the people of the Cayambe chiefdom to the expansion of the Incas in the Andes highlands of present-day northern Ecuador. The Pambamarca fortresses are located in Cayambe Canton in Pichincha Province about in a straight-line distance northeast of the city of Quito. In 1998, Pambamarca was placed on the tentative List of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The opponents The Pais Caranqui. In the 15th century, the people of the Andes highlands of Ecuador north of Quito were organized into several chiefdoms, apparently similar in language and culture but competitive with each other and frequently engaged in internecine warfare. The names of the most prominent chiefdoms were the Caranqui, Cayambe, Otavalo, and Cochasquí. Pais Caran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Angol
The Battle of Angol was a battle fought between the Mapuche and the Spanish Empire on 25 March 1564 as part of Arauco War. In Los Infantes captain Lorenzo Bernal del Mercado had discovered that the rebels had constructed a '' pukara'' close by, establishing a blockade of the city, additionally natives under the toqui Illangulién had chosen an impregnable position in a marsh. A Mapuche detachment located themselves in a third position awaiting reinforcements from their main body at the old position. Seeing that this position was weak the Spanish engaged this position. In the battle the Spanish drove the Mapuche out of their ''pukara'' and pursued them down to the river bank and drove them into the river, where they were trapped and 1,000 Mapuches were killed, including the toqui Illanguelén. History In Los Infantes captain Lorenzo Bernal del Mercado had discovered that the rebels had constructed a '' pukara'' close by, establishing a blockade of the city. Lorenzo Bernal ord ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puka Pukara
Puka Pukara (Quechua ''puka'' red, '' pukara'' fortress, "red fortress",Diccionario Quechua - Español - Quechua, Academía Mayor de la Lengua Quechua, Gobierno Regional Cusco, Cusco 2005 hispanicized spellings ''Pucapucara, Puca Pucara, Puca Pucará'') is a site of military ruins in Peru situated in the Cusco Region, Cusco Province, Cusco District, near Cusco. This fort is made of large walls, terraces, and staircases and was part of defense of Cusco in particular and the Inca Empire in general. The name probably comes from the red color of the rocks at dusk. Puka Pukara is an example of military architecture that also functioned as an administrative center. Location Puka Pukara is located in mid-southern Peru, roughly 4–5 miles (7 kilometers) from Cusco on the road to Pisac and near the Antisuyo, the jungle portion of the former Incan empire. The fort is located on high ground overlooking the Cusco valley and Tambo Machay, creating a beautiful and useful view. When it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pukara Of La Compañía
Pukara de La Compañia is an archaeological site containing the remains of a promaucae fortress, later used by the Incas, located on the large hill overlooking the village of La Compañia, a village in the commune of Graneros, Chile. It is the southernmost building which remains of the Inca Empire. As such it is an important landmark on what is known as "The Chilean Inca Trail", and has been declared a National Monument by the Chilean government. History There are three main historical periods during which the site was occupied: *Between the years 1380 and 1450 A.D., the hill was apparently occupied by local promaucaes or picunches during their resistance to the Inca invasion. *Most of the structures and remains of the hill date to the Inca occupation, namely between the years 1430 and 1450 A.D, approximately. *Once again the local indigenous population occupied the fortress during their resistance to the Spanish conquest. The evidence of this event is its documentation in S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inca-Caranqui
The Inca-Caranqui archaeological site is located in the village of Caranqui on the southern outskirts of the city of Ibarra, Ecuador. The ruin is located in a fertile valley at an elevation of . The region around Caranqui, extending into the present day country of Colombia, was the northernmost outpost of the Inca Empire and the last to be added to the empire before the Spanish conquest of 1533. The archaeological region is also called the Pais Caranqui (Caranqui country). Background Prior to the arrival of the Incas, the region north of Quito for to near the Colombian border consisted of several small-scale chiefdoms including the Caranqui, Cayambe, Otavalo, and Cochasquí. The names of the first three are preserved in names of 21st century towns and cities and the last is the name given a prominent pre-Incan ruin. Caranqui is the collective name used to describe the chiefdoms, although Caranqui may not have been the most powerful of them. These chiefdoms appear to have be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pukará De Quitor
Pukará de Quitor (also spelled Pucará de Quitor) (Quechua ''pukara'' fortress) is a pre-Columbian archaeological site in northern Chile. This stone fortress is located 3 km northwest of the town of San Pedro de Atacama San Pedro de Atacama is a Chilean town and commune in El Loa Province, Antofagasta Region. It is located east of Antofagasta, some 106 km (60 mi) southeast of Calama and the Chuquicamata copper mine, overlooking the Licancabur volcano. ..., overlooking the valley of the river San Pedro. It was designated a national monument in 1982. References Pukará de Quitor Buildings and structures in Antofagasta Region Tourist attractions in Antofagasta Region National Monuments of Chile Pre-Columbian fortifications in Chile {{Chile-struct-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inca Empire
The Inca Empire (also known as the Incan Empire and the Inka Empire), called ''Tawantinsuyu'' by its subjects, ( Quechua for the "Realm of the Four Parts", "four parts together" ) was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The administrative, political and military center of the empire was in the city of Cusco. The Inca civilization arose from the Peruvian highlands sometime in the early 13th century. The Spanish began the conquest of the Inca Empire in 1532 and by 1572, the last Inca state was fully conquered. From 1438 to 1533, the Incas incorporated a large portion of western South America, centered on the Andean Mountains, using conquest and peaceful assimilation, among other methods. At its largest, the empire joined modern-day Peru, what are now western Ecuador, western and south central Bolivia, northwest Argentina, the southwesternmost tip of Colombia and a large portion of modern-day Chile, and into a state comparable to the historical empires o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lasana
Lasana is a small village located northeast of the city of Calama in the Calama province of Chile's northern Antofagasta Region. It sits along the banks of the Loa River. Pukará de Lasana, (Quechua ''pukara'' fortress), a pre-Columbian fortress built in the 12th century, is the main architectural attraction of the village. It is located north of San Francisco de Chiu Chiu and was declared a national monument in 1982. Petroglyph A petroglyph is an image created by removing part of a rock surface by incising, picking, carving, or abrading, as a form of rock art. Outside North America, scholars often use terms such as "carving", "engraving", or other description ...s can also be found in the area. References External linksSernatur - Lasana {{coord, 22, 16, 15, S, 68, 37, 57, W, display=title Archaeological sites in Chile Populated places in El Loa Province ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pucará De Turi
The Pucará de Turi an archaeological site in the locality of Turi, which is part of Calama, in the Antofagasta Region, Chile. It is located 47 km northeast of the town of San Francisco de Chiu Chiu. It is listed as a National Monument of Chile since 1983. History This pukara — Quechuan word meaning ''fortress'' or ''fortified hill''— is a Pre-Columbian stone construction located in the area of Turi. The fortified hamlet is located at an elevation of 3,100 m above sea level and occupies a surface area of approximately 4 ha. It is the largest architectural complex built by the Atacama people. The construction dates back to ca. 1250; while in the early 15th century, the Inca Topa Inca Yupanqui Topa Inca Yupanqui or Túpac Inca Yupanqui ( qu, 'Tupaq Inka Yupanki'), translated as "noble Inca accountant," (c. 1441–c. 1493) was the tenth Sapa Inca (1471–93) of the Inca Empire, fifth of the Hanan dynasty. His father was Pachacuti, and h ... conquered the territory of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pucará De Tilcara
The Pucará de Tilcara is a pre-Inca fortification or '' pukara'' located on a hill just outside (approximately a 15-minute walk) the small town of Tilcara, in the Argentine province of Jujuy. The location was strategically chosen to be easily defensible and to provide good views over a long stretch of the Quebrada de Humahuaca. The Pucará de Tilcara was declared a National Monument in 2000. It has been partially rebuilt, and is the only publicly accessible archaeological site in the Quebrada de Humahuaca. History Traces of human habitation in the area date back more than 10,000 years. The fortified town was originally built by the Omaguaca tribe,the name "Omaguaca" is derived from the Quechua language and may mean "place of people clothed in leather" who settled in the area around the 12th century. Experts in agriculture, weaving and pottery, they were also renowned warriors. During their time, the pucará served as an important administrative and military center. At its peak, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quiapo, Chile
Quiapo (Mapudungun; ''cuya''=lesser grison and ''mapu''=land) is a place in Arauco Province of Chile that is 25 kilometers to the southwest of Arauco and about 25 kilometers to the north and east of the port of Lebu to the east of the Bahia del Carnero and 6.4 kilometers west of the small town of Villa Alegre. It was a low mountainous and thickly wooded area, that contained among its contours arable lands that had the same name. It is also the location where two streams come together to form the headwaters of the Quiapo River. In the Arauco War, the hills at the confluence of the two streams was the location of the fortress built by the Mapuche Toqui Lemucaguin or Caupolicán the younger, to block the northward advance of García Hurtado de Mendoza, Marquis of Cañete into the Arauco area and site of the 1558 Battle of Quiapo. In 1566 the governor Rodrigo de Quiroga built a small fort on this site that was destroyed by the Mapuche several times and abandoned some years late ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Pucará De Turi")
