|
Polovtsians
The Cumans (or Kumans), also known as Polovtsians or Polovtsy (plural only, from the Russian exonym ), were a Turkic nomadic people comprising the western branch of the Cuman–Kipchak confederation. After the Mongol invasion (1237), many sought asylum in the Kingdom of Hungary, as many Cumans had settled in Hungary, the Second Bulgarian Empire playing an important role in the development of the state. Cumans played also an important role in (The Byzantine Empire, the Latin Empire, and the Nicaea Empire) Anatolia . Related to the Pecheneg, they inhabited a shifting area north of the Black Sea and along the Volga River known as Cumania, from which the Cuman–Kipchaks meddled in the politics of the Caucasus and the Khwarazmian Empire. The Cumans were fierce and formidable nomadic warriors of the Eurasian Steppe who exerted an enduring influence on the medieval Balkans. They were numerous, culturally sophisticated, and militarily powerful. Many eventually settled west of the Bla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuman–Kipchak Confederation
The name Cumania originated as the Latin exonym for the Cuman–Kipchak confederation, which was a tribal confederation in the western part of the Eurasian Steppe, between the 10th and 13th centuries. The confederation was dominated by two Turkic people, Turkic nomadic tribes: the Cumans (also known as the Polovtsians or ''Folban'') and the Kipchaks. Cumania was known in Islamic sources as ''Desht-i Qipchaq'', which means "Steppe of the Kipchaks"; or "foreign land sheltering the Kipchaks", in Persian language, Persian and ''al-Qumāniyīn'' in Arabic. Russian sources have referred to Cumania as the "Polovtsian Steppe" (''Polovetskaia Step''), or the "Polovtsian Plain" (''Pole Polovetskoe''). A different, more organized entity that came later known as the Golden Horde was also referred to as "Comania" by Armenian chronicler Hethum (Hayton) of Korykos. "Cumania" was also the source of names, or alternate names, for several smaller areas – some of them unconnected geographically ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
