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Pin (computer Program)
Pin is a platform for creating analysis tools. A pin tool comprises instrumentation, analysis and callback routines. Instrumentation routines are called when code that has not yet been recompiled is about to be run, and enable the insertion of analysis routines. Analysis routines are called when the code associated with them is run. Callback routines are only called when specific conditions are met, or when a certain event has occurred. Pin provides an extensive application programming interface (API) for instrumentation at different abstraction levels, from one instruction to an entire binary module. It also supports callbacks for many events such as library loads, system calls, signals/exceptions and thread creation events. In 2020, it received the ''Programming Languages Software Award'' from ACM SIGPLAN. Pin performs instrumentation by taking control of the program just after it loads into the memory. Then just-in-time recompiles (JIT) small sections of the binary code using ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intel
Intel Corporation is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California. It is the world's largest semiconductor chip manufacturer by revenue, and is one of the developers of the x86 series of instruction sets, the instruction sets found in most personal computers (PCs). Incorporated in Delaware, Intel ranked No. 45 in the 2020 ''Fortune'' 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue for nearly a decade, from 2007 to 2016 fiscal years. Intel supplies microprocessors for computer system manufacturers such as Acer, Lenovo, HP, and Dell. Intel also manufactures motherboard chipsets, network interface controllers and integrated circuits, flash memory, graphics chips, embedded processors and other devices related to communications and computing. Intel (''int''egrated and ''el''ectronics) was founded on July 18, 1968, by semiconductor pioneers Gordon Moore (of Moore's law) and Robert Noyce ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cross-platform
In computing, cross-platform software (also called multi-platform software, platform-agnostic software, or platform-independent software) is computer software that is designed to work in several computing platforms. Some cross-platform software requires a separate build for each platform, but some can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, being written in an interpreted language or compiled to portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all supported platforms. For example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows, Linux, and macOS. Cross-platform software may run on many platforms, or as few as two. Some frameworks for cross-platform development are Codename One, Kivy, Qt, Flutter, NativeScript, Xamarin, Phonegap, Ionic, and React Native. Platforms ''Platform'' can refer to the type of processor (CPU) or other hardware on which an operating system (OS) or application runs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valgrind
Valgrind () is a programming tool for memory debugging, memory leak detection, and profiling. Valgrind was originally designed to be a free memory debugging tool for Linux on x86, but has since evolved to become a generic framework for creating dynamic analysis tools such as checkers and profilers. Overview Valgrind is in essence a virtual machine using just-in-time compilation techniques, including dynamic recompilation. Nothing from the original program ever gets run directly on the host processor. Instead, Valgrind first translates the program into a temporary, simpler form called intermediate representation (IR), which is a processor-neutral, static single assignment form-based form. After the conversion, a tool (see below) is free to do whatever transformations it would like on the IR, before Valgrind translates the IR back into machine code and lets the host processor run it. Valgrind recompiles binary code to run on host and target (or simulated) CPUs of the same a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dynamic Program Analysis
Dynamic program analysis is the analysis of computer software that is performed by executing programs on a real or virtual processor. For dynamic program analysis to be effective, the target program must be executed with sufficient test inputs to cover almost all possible outputs. Use of software testing measures such as code coverage helps increase the chance that an adequate slice of the program's set of possible behaviors has been observed. Also, care must be taken to minimize the effect that instrumentation has on the execution (including temporal properties) of the target program. Dynamic analysis is in contrast to static program analysis. Unit tests, integration tests, system tests and acceptance tests use dynamic testing. Types of dynamic analysis Code coverage Computing the code coverage according to a test suite or a workload is a standard dynamic analysis technique. * Gcov is the GNU source code coverage program. * VB Watch injects dynamic analysis code ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Binary Rewriting
A binary recompiler is a compiler that takes executable binary files as input, analyzes their structure, applies transformations and optimizations, and outputs new optimized executable binaries. The foundation to the concepts of binary recompilation were laid out by Gary Kildall with the development of the optimizing assembly code translator XLT86 in 1981. See also * Binary optimizer (binary-to-binary) * Binary translator (binary-to-binary) * Decompiler (binary-to-source) * Disassembler (binary-to-source) * Dynamic recompiler (binary-to-binary) * Transcompiler (source-to-source) * Honeywell Liberator (running IBM 1401 programs on Honeywell H200 The Honeywell 200 was a character-oriented two-address commercial computer introduced by Honeywell in December 1963, the basis of later models in Honeywell 200 Series, including 1200, 1250, 2200, 3200, 4200 and others, and the character processor ...) References Further reading * {{cite journal , title=From hack to elaborate techni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bell Lab
Nokia Bell Labs, originally named Bell Telephone Laboratories (1925–1984), then AT&T Bell Laboratories (1984–1996) and Bell Labs Innovations (1996–2007), is an American industrial research and scientific development company owned by multinational company Nokia. With headquarters located in Murray Hill, New Jersey, the company operates several laboratories in the United States and around the world. Researchers working at Bell Laboratories are credited with the development of radio astronomy, the transistor, the laser, the photovoltaic cell, the charge-coupled device (CCD), information theory, the Unix operating system, and the programming languages B, C, C++, S, SNOBOL, AWK, AMPL, and others. Nine Nobel Prizes have been awarded for work completed at Bell Laboratories. Bell Labs had its origin in the complex corporate organization of the Bell System telephone conglomerate. In the late 19th century, the laboratory began as the Western Electric Engineering Department ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thread (computer Science)
In computer science, a thread of execution is the smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be managed independently by a scheduler, which is typically a part of the operating system. The implementation of threads and processes differs between operating systems. In Modern Operating Systems, Tanenbaum shows that many distinct models of process organization are possible.TANENBAUM, Andrew S. Modern Operating Systems. 1992. Prentice-Hall International Editions, ISBN 0-13-595752-4. In many cases, a thread is a component of a process. The multiple threads of a given process may be executed concurrently (via multithreading capabilities), sharing resources such as memory, while different processes do not share these resources. In particular, the threads of a process share its executable code and the values of its dynamically allocated variables and non- thread-local global variables at any given time. History Threads made an early appearance under the name of "ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intel Parallel Studio
Intel Parallel Studio XE was a software development product developed by Intel that facilitated native code development on Windows, macOS and Linux in C++ and Fortran for parallel computing. Parallel programming enables software programs to take advantage of multi-core processors from Intel and other processor vendors. Intel Parallel Studio XE was rebranded and repackaged by Intel wheoneAPI toolkitswere released in December 2020. Intel oneAPI Base Toolkit + Intel oneAPI HPC toolkit contain all the tools in Parallel Studio XE and more. One significant addition is a Data Parallel C++ (DPC++) compiler designed to allow developers to reuse code across hardware targets (CPUs and accelerators such as GPUs and FPGAs). Components Parallel Studio is composed of several component parts, each of which is a collection of capabilities. * Intel C++ Compiler with OpenMP * Intel Fortran Compiler with OpenMP * IDE plug-in integration with Visual Studio, Eclipse and Xcode * Debugging via ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Register Spilling
In compiler optimization, register allocation is the process of assigning local automatic variables and expression results to a limited number of processor registers. Register allocation can happen over a basic block (''local register allocation''), over a whole function/ procedure (''global register allocation''), or across function boundaries traversed via call-graph (''interprocedural register allocation''). When done per function/procedure the calling convention may require insertion of save/restore around each call-site. Context Principle {, class="wikitable floatright" , + Different number of scalar registers in the most common architectures , - ! Architecture ! scope="col" , 32 bits ! scope="col" , 64 bits , - ! scope="row" , ARM , 15 , 31 , - ! scope="row" , Intel x86 , 8 , 16 , - ! scope="row" , MIPS , 32 , 32 , - ! scope="row" , POWER/PowerPC , 32 , 32 , - ! scope="row" , RISC-V , 16/32 , 32 , - ! scope="row" , ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liveness Analysis
In compilers, live variable analysis (or simply liveness analysis) is a classic data-flow analysis to calculate the variables that are ''live'' at each point in the program. A variable is ''live'' at some point if it holds a value that may be needed in the future, or equivalently if its value may be read before the next time the variable is written to. Example Consider the following program: b = 3 c = 5 a = f(b * c) The set of live variables between lines 2 and 3 is because both are used in the multiplication on line 3. But the set of live variables after line 1 is only , since variable c is updated later, on line 2. The value of variable a is not used in this code. Note that the assignment to a may be eliminated as a is not used later, but there is insufficient information to justify removing all of line 3 as f may have side effects (printing b * c, perhaps). Expression in terms of dataflow equations Liveness analysis is a "backwards may" analysis. The analysis is done ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inline Function
In the C and C++ programming languages, an inline function is one qualified with the keyword inline; this serves two purposes: # It serves as a compiler directive that suggests (but does not require) that the compiler substitute the body of the function inline by performing inline expansion, i.e. by inserting the function code at the address of each function call, thereby saving the overhead of a function call. In this respect it is analogous to the register storage class specifier, which similarly provides an optimization hint. # The second purpose of inline is to change linkage behavior; the details of this are complicated. This is necessary due to the C/C++ separate compilation + linkage model, specifically because the definition (body) of the function must be duplicated in all translation units where it is used, to allow inlining during ''compiling'', which, if the function has external linkage, causes a collision during ''linking'' (it violates uniqueness of external s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
