|
Pan-European Rail Network
The Trans-European Rail network is made up of the Trans-European high-speed rail network as well as the Trans-European conventional rail network. The rail network is one of a number of the European Union's Trans-European transport networks (TEN-T). According to Article 10 of the Decision No 1692/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 1996 on Community guidelines for the development of the trans-European transport network, the rail network should include the infrastructures and the facilities which enable rail and road and, where appropriate, maritime services and air transport services to be integrated. In this regard, particular attention should be paid to the connection of regional airports to the network. One or more of the following functions should be met by any component of the rail network: * it should play an important role in long-distance passenger traffic * it should permit interconnection with airports, where appropriate * it should permit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trans-European High-speed Rail Network
The Trans-European high-speed rail network (TEN-R), together with the Trans-European conventional rail network, make up the Trans-European Rail network, which in turn is one of a number of the European Union's Trans-European transport networks (TEN-T). It was defined by the Council Directive 96/48/EC of 23 July 1996. The European Union council decision 2002/735/EC defines technical standards for interoperability of the system. Description The aim of this EU Directive is to achieve the interoperability of the European high-speed train network at the various stages of its design, construction and operation. The network is defined as a system consisting of a set of infrastructures, fixed installations, logistic equipment and rolling stock. By definition of the EC decision, a high-speed line must have one of these three infrastructure characteristics: * specially built high-speed lines equipped for speeds generally equal to or greater than 250 km/h * specially upgraded high-sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trans-European Conventional Rail Network
The Trans-European conventional rail network, together with the Trans-European high-speed rail network, make up the Trans-European Rail network, which in turn is one of a number of the European Union's Trans-European transport networks (TEN-T). It was defined by the Council Directive 2001/16/EC of 19 March 2001. The aim of this EU Directive is to achieve the interoperability of the European conventional rail network at the various stages of its design, construction and operation. The network is defined as a system consisting of a set of infrastructures, fixed installations, logistic equipment and rolling stock. By definition of the EC decision, the conventional rail network may be subdivided into the following categories: * lines intended for passenger services * lines intended for mixed traffic (passengers and freight) * lines specially designed or upgraded for freight services * passenger hubs * freight hubs, including inter-modal terminals * lines connecting the components me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been described as a '' sui generis'' political entity (without precedent or comparison) combining the characteristics of both a federation and a confederation. Containing 5.8per cent of the world population in 2020, the EU generated a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of around trillion in 2021, constituting approximately 18per cent of global nominal GDP. Additionally, all EU states but Bulgaria have a very high Human Development Index according to the United Nations Development Programme. Its cornerstone, the Customs Union, paved the way to establishing an internal single market based on standardised legal framework and legislation that applies in all member states in those matters, and only those matters, where the states have agreed to act ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trans-European Transport Networks
The Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) is a planned network of roads, railways, airports and water infrastructure in the European Union. The TEN-T network is part of a wider system of Trans-European Networks (TENs), including a telecommunications network (eTEN) and a proposed energy network (TEN-E or Ten-Energy). The European Commission adopted the first action plans on trans-European networks in 1990.timeline of TEN-T priority axes and projects as of 2005 , p. 7, PDF document, 14 MB TEN-T envisages coordinated improvements to primary roads, railways, inland waterways, airports, seaports, inland ports and traffic management systems, providing integrated and intermodal long-distance, high-speed routes. A decision to adopt TEN-T was made by the E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Short Sea Shipping
The modern terms short-sea shipping (sometimes unhyphenated), marine highway, and motorways of the sea, and the more historical terms coastal trade, coastal shipping, coasting trade, and coastwise trade, all encompass the movement of cargo and passengers mainly by sea along a coast, without crossing an ocean. Oddly, this source uses both the hyphenated and unhyphenated forms in the same passage. ''Short-sea shipping'' (or a translation thereof) is the term used by the European Commission and commonly throughout the Europe Union. Many English-speaking countries have used the British terms ''coasting trade'' and ''coastwise trade''. The United States maintained these term from its colonial era, including for domestic slave trade that shipped slaves by water from the Upper South to major markets, especially New Orleans. The US and began regulating general coasting trade as early as 1793, with "An act for enrolling and licensing ships and vessels to be employed in the coasting trade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Railway Agency
The European Union Agency for Railways (ERA) is an Agencies of the European Union, agency of the European Union (EU) that sets mandatory requirements for European railways and manufacturers in the form of Technical Specifications for Interoperability (TSI), which apply to the Trans-European Rail system. The ERA publishes a document summarising the status of the TSIs. The ERA sets common safety targets, common safety methods and common safety indicators, following Directive 2004/49/EC and amendments. The ERA also hosts a number of databases, among which a register of remaining, applicable national rules. History The agency was established in 2004 as part of the Second Railway Package, and commenced operations in 2006 as the European Railway Agency (ERA). It changed its name in 2016, becoming the European Union Agency for Railways. The acronym ERA is still used to refer to the agency after the renaming, even by the agency itself. See also *Rail transport in Europe *European Rail I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ERA Technical Specifications For Interoperability
A technical specification for interoperability (abbreviated as TSI) is a text provided for in European Directive 2016/797 adopted by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union on the interoperability of the European rail system in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure. This directive stipulates that the railway system is divided into 8 subsystems: # infrastructure # Traction energy # control command and the trackside signalling # control command and the on-board signalling # rolling stock # Traffic operation and management # Maintenance #Telematic applications for passenger and freight services. It also provides that a technical specification for interoperability (TSI) is drawn up for each subsystem. These TSIs define the essential requirements of the above-mentioned European directives for specific cases and define a set of technical requirements that apply to new subsystems put into service. These requirements constitute a set of conditions ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trans-European Transport Networks
The Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) is a planned network of roads, railways, airports and water infrastructure in the European Union. The TEN-T network is part of a wider system of Trans-European Networks (TENs), including a telecommunications network (eTEN) and a proposed energy network (TEN-E or Ten-Energy). The European Commission adopted the first action plans on trans-European networks in 1990.timeline of TEN-T priority axes and projects as of 2005 , p. 7, PDF document, 14 MB TEN-T envisages coordinated improvements to primary roads, railways, inland waterways, airports, seaports, inland ports and traffic management systems, providing integrated and intermodal long-distance, high-speed routes. A decision to adopt TEN-T was made by the E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trans-European Inland Waterway Network
The Trans-European Inland Waterway network is one of a number of the Trans-European Transport Networks (TEN-T) of the European Union. According to Article 11 of the Decision No 1692/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 1996 on Community guidelines for the development of the Trans-European Transport Network, the Trans-European Inland waterway network is made up of rivers and canals, and the various branches and links which connect them. In particular, it should render possible the interconnection between industrial regions and major conurbations and link them to ports. The minimum technical characteristics for waterways forming part of the network should be those laid down for a class IV waterway in the classification of European Inland Waterways (CEMT), which allows the passage of a vessel or a pushed train and . Where a waterway forming part of the network is modernized or constructed, the technical specifications should correspond at least to class IV, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Motorways Of The Sea
Motorways of the Sea is a concept in the transport policy of the European Union, stressing the importance of sea transport. The main aim of these Motorways of the Sea is to improve port communications with peripheral regions of the European continent and thus strengthen the networks between the EU candidate countries and those countries already part of the European Union. History The concept came about in the White paper ''European transport policy for 2010: time to decide'' of the European Commission, which was adopted in June 2001 in Gothenburg, as an alternative to motorways on land. Routes The routes selected to be Motorways of the Sea should be able to maintain a series of quality criteria; these pertain to frequency, port to port costs, simplicity of administrative tasks. Future routes should compensate for congestion experienced, for example when crossing the Channel (as the similar road networks should do for routes crossing the Alps or the Pyrenees). One envisaged impact ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trans-European Seaport Network
The Trans-European Seaport network is one of a number of the Trans-European Transport Networks (TEN-T) of the European Union. According to Article 12 of the Decision No 1692/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 1996 on Community guidelines for the development of the trans-European transport network, the Trans-European Seaport network should permit the development of sea transport, and should constitute shipping links for islands and the points of interconnection between sea transport and other modes of transport. They should also provide equipment and services to transport operators. Their infrastructure should provide a range of services for passenger and freight transport, including ferry services and short- and long-distance shipping services, which also includes coastal shipping, within the Community and between the latter and non-member countries. The seaports included in the Trans-European Transport network must correspond to one of the following thre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
