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Pajbenga
Pajbenga, alternative spelling Pagbigna and Pasbengna, was a Tongva village located at Santa Ana, California, near the El Refugio Adobe, which was the home of José Sepulveda (now located near the intersection of Raitt Street and Myrtle Street). It was one of the main villages along the Santa Ana River, including Lupukngna, Genga, Totpavit, and Hutuknga. People from the village were recorded in mission records as Pajebet, Pajbet, Pajbebet, and Pajbepet. Pajbenga may have had a population between 100-250 residents. Like many surrounding villages, Pajbenga's residents likely subsisted on oak trees for acorns and seeds from various grasses and sage bushes. Rabbit and mule deer were also likely consumed for meat. The village also presumably had deep trade connections with coastal villages and those further inland. Between 1776 and 1807, 13 people were baptized from the village, including 2 men, 4 women, and 7 children as part of the larger colonial project of Christian conversion o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santa Ana River
The Santa Ana River is the largest river entirely within Southern California in the United States. It rises in the San Bernardino Mountains and flows for most of its length through San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, before cutting through the northern Santa Ana Mountains via Santa Ana Canyon and flowing southwest through urban Orange County to drain into the Pacific Ocean. The Santa Ana River is long,U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map accessed March 16, 2011 and its drainage basin is in size. The Santa Ana drainage basin has a diversity of terrain, ranging from high peaks of inland mountains in the north and east, to the hot, dry interior and semi-desert basins of the Inland Empire, to the flat coastal plain of Orange County. Although it includes areas of alpine and highland forest, the majority of the watershed consists of arid desert and chaparral environments. Due to low regional rainfall, the river carri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hutuknga
Hutuknga (alternative spellings: Hotuuknga or Hutuukuga) was a large Tongva village located in the foothills along the present channel of the Santa Ana River in what is now Yorba Linda, California. People from the village were recorded in mission records as Jutucabit. Hutuknga was part of a series of villages along the Santa Ana River, which included Lupukngna, Genga, Pajbenga, and Totpavit. The Turnball Canyon area is sometimes falsely associated with Hutuknga. Village life The village may have had a population of about 250 at the time of contact, and has been described as one of the largest Tongva villages. It was linked to the downstream village of Genga through marriage ties. It is likely that villagers primarily subsisted on oak trees for acorns and seeds from various grasses and sage bushes. Rabbit and mule deer were likely consumed for meat. Like other surrounding villages, it likely had deep trade connections with coastal villages and those further inland. History ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lupukngna
Lupukngna was a coastal Tongva village that was at least 3,000 years old located on the bluffs along the Santa Ana River in Huntington Beach near the Newland House Museum. Other nearby coastal villages included Genga, located in West Newport Beach, and Moyongna, located down the coast near Corona del Mar. The village has also been referred to as Lukup and Lukupa. The village has been chronicled in the history of Costa Mesa, California. History As a coastal village, the usage of '' te'aats'' were likely important to the village's people. In the late eighteenth century, padres from Mission San Juan Capistrano reportedly visited the village as part of a colonial project of Christian conversion at Spanish Missions in California. The Diego Sepúlveda Adobe was built overlooking Lupukngna and Genga from between 1817-1823 as an outpost "to watch over cattle and Indians." In 1827, missionaries considered whether to move their entire operation to the location. In 1935, archaeolo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genga, California
Genga, alternative spelling Gengaa and Kengaa, was a Tongva and Acjachemen village located on Newport Mesa overlooking the Santa Ana River in the Newport Beach, California, Newport Beach and Costa Mesa, California area which included an open site now referred to as Banning Ranch. Archaeological evidence dates the village at over 9,000 years old. Villagers were recorded as Gebit in Spanish missions in California, Spanish Mission records. The village may have been occupied as late as 1829 or 1830. There was a failed attempt to preserve a 9,000-year-old nearby village site in 2001 as well as a burial site of Genga in the 2010s, where commercial development was valued over preservation. This has initiated concerns over preservation in the area. A large part of the contemporary site of Genga situated in Banning Ranch may be transformed into a public open space as of 2022. The Tongva and Acjachemen support having a voice in the process. History Indigenous Genga was in close proxi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Totpavit
Totpavit, alternative spellings Totabit and possibly Totavet, was a Tongva village located in what is now Olive, California. The village was located between the Santa Ana River and Santiago Creek. It was part of a series of villages along the Santa Ana River, including Genga, Pajbenga, and Hutuknga. Mission records indicate that 11 people from the village were baptized, likely at Mission San Gabriel, from between 1781-1803, including 3 men, 7 women, and 1 child. In 1978, it was indicated that the village site was probably buried under alluvium and that the village site had been occupied for thousands of years. The village's name derived from the word "tota," which was recorded as meaning rock in the Tongva language. See also * Genga * Lupukngna * Yaanga Yaanga was a large Tongva (or Kizh) village originally located near what is now downtown Los Angeles, just west of the Los Angeles River and beneath U.S. Route 101. People from the village were recorded as ''Yabit'' in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Putiidhem
Putuidem (''Acjachemen'': "belly" or "the navel"), alternative spelling Putiidhem or Putuidhem, was a large native village of the Acjachemen people, also known as ''Juaneño'' since their relocation to Mission San Juan Capistrano. The site was a mother village, the primary settlement of the tribe that spawned other villages. It was situated in what is currently San Juan Capistrano, California just off Interstate 5, about a mile north of the mission. It is now buried underneath the sports field and performing arts center of Junipero Serra Catholic High School, which began construction with approval from the city in 2003 after many attempts to preserve the site. In 2021, the Putuidem Village Park was opened in the city to commemorate the village. History Indigenous The village sat at the site of a spring, and was founded by Chief Oyaison, also spelled Oyison, who left Sejat after an extreme drought, and his daughter Coronne. In a story of the village, Coronne led a migrat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puhú
Puhú (''Payómkawichum'': “its arrow place”) was a major residential village in the Santa Ana Mountains shared by the Tongva, Acjachemen, Payómkawichum, and Serrano near Santiago Peak. The village resided approximately 600m above sea level in the upper areas of the Black Star Canyon. The village was at its height from the years 1220-1770. The village retained its multi-seasonal occupancy and economic and political systems up until its destruction and a communal massacre in 1832. The Puhú site is listed as a California Historical Landmark as the ''Black Star Canyon Indian Village Site'', registered in 1935 and named after the Black Star Coal Mining Company that operated in the area in the late nineteenth century. The village site is north of the town of Silverado. Village life Several archaeological excavations of Puhú were conducted from the 1930s onward and found that it featured "17 bedrock milling/ rock art features surrounding a single mounded habitation midd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moyongna
Moyongna, alternatively spelled Moyonga, was a coastal Tongva village or landmark site located near the entrance of Newport Bay in Newport Beach, California near Corona del Mar. As a coastal village, the usage of '' te'aats'' was likely important to the village's people. Nearby coastal villages included Genga, located on Newport Mesa, and Lupukngna, located near the mouth of the Santa Ana River. The root word ''Moyo'' in the Tongva language has been linked with Corona del Mar, similar to ''Lupuk'' being linked with Bolsa Chica. The site may have been too disturbed by urbanization to note any precise location. Some researchers have placed the location at the Newporter Inn in Corona Del Mar, which was built in the early 1960s, although others have referred to this as based on scanty evidence. As noted in 1962, signs of Indigenous inhabitance along this area of the coast was common: "Almost every ridge that ends at the sea between Corona del Mar and Dana Point has its soil fleck ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alauna, California
Alume ( ''Acjachemen'': "raising the head in looking upward") was a large Acjachemen village located between Trabuco Creek and Tijeras Creek at Rancho Santa Margarita, California. The village was also recorded as Alaugna and as El Trabuco in San Juan Capistrano mission records, and is also referred to as Alauna, Aluna, and Alona. The village was located at the foot Santiago Peak upstream from the village of Putiidhem within what is now O'Neill Regional Park near the Trabuco Adobe, which was built in 1810 as an outpost of Mission San Juan Capistrano. The village was also acknowledged by the Payómkawichum. History On July 24-25th 1769, the Portolá expedition passed by the village. Juan Crespí noted that "there is a stream in this hollow rabuco Creekwith the finest and purest running water we have come upon so far," further writing "we made camp close to a village of the most tractable and friendly heathens we have seen upon the whole way; as soon as we arrived they all came ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santa Ana, California
Santa Ana () is the second most populous city and the county seat of Orange County, California. Located in the Greater Los Angeles region of Southern California, the city's population was 310,227 at the 2020 census, making Santa Ana the List of California cities by population, 13th-most populous city in California and the List of United States cities by population density, 4th densest large city in the United States (behind only New York City, San Francisco, and Boston). Santa Ana is a major regional economic and cultural hub for the Orange Coast. Santa Ana's origins began in 1810, when the Spanish governor of California granted Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana to José Antonio Yorba. Following the Mexican War of Independence, the Yorba family ranchos of California, rancho was enlarged, becoming one of the largest and most valuable in the region and home to a diverse Californio community. Following the American Conquest of California, the rancho was sold to the Sepúlveda family, wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tongva
The Tongva ( ) are an Indigenous people of California from the Los Angeles Basin and the Southern Channel Islands, an area covering approximately . Some descendants of the people prefer Kizh as an endonym that, they argue, is more historically accurate. In the precolonial era, the people lived in as many as 100 villages and primarily identified by their village rather than by a pan-tribal name. During colonization, the Spanish referred to these people as Gabrieleño and Fernandeño, names derived from the Spanish missions built on their land: Mission San Gabriel Arcángel and Mission San Fernando Rey de España. ''Tongva'' is the most widely circulated endonym among the people, used by Narcisa Higuera in 1905 to refer to inhabitants in the vicinity of Mission San Gabriel. Along with the neighboring Chumash, the Tongva were the most influential people at the time of European encounter. They had developed an extensive trade network through ''te'aats'' (plank-built boats). Their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acjacheme
Acjacheme ("a heap of animated things") was an Acjachemen village that was closely situated to the mother village of Putuidem in what is now San Juan Capistrano, California. The Spanish missionaries constructed Mission San Juan Capistrano less than 60 yards from the village in 1776. ''Acjachemen'' is a pluralization of the word ''Acjacheme'', and became the moniker for the people overall after the mission period. The village has also been referred to as Akhachmai, Ahachmai, Akagchemem, Acágcheme'','' and Axatcme. The village site has been identified as being at an elementary school east of the mission by José de Grácia Cruz, who was one of the last native people born at the mission in the 1840s. ''Ahachmai'' has been referred to as a dialect or variety of the Acjachemen language and is used, although less commonly, to refer to the people as a whole. History Gerónimo Boscana noted that the village "was later ruled by a relative called Choqual," who also was the leader of P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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