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PP2A
Protein phosphatase 2 (PP2), also known as PP2A, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PPP2CA'' gene. The PP2A heterotrimeric protein phosphatase is ubiquitously expressed, accounting for a large fraction of phosphatase activity in eukaryotic cells. Its serine/threonine phosphatase activity has a broad substrate specificity and diverse cellular functions. Among the targets of PP2A are proteins of oncogenic signaling cascades, such as Raf, MEK, and AKT, where PP2A may act as a tumor suppressor. Structure and function PP2A consists of a dimeric core enzyme composed of the structural A and catalytic C subunits, and a regulatory B subunit. When the PP2A catalytic C subunit associates with the A and B subunits several species of holoenzymes are produced with distinct functions and characteristics. The A subunit, a founding member of the HEAT repeat protein family (huntington-elongation-A subunit-TOR), is the scaffold required for the formation of the heterotrimeric co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PPP2R5A
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit alpha isoform is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PPP2R5A'' gene. Function The product of this gene belongs to the phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B family. Protein phosphatase 2A is one of the four major Ser/Thr phosphatases, and it is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division. It consists of a common heteromeric core enzyme, which is composed of a catalytic subunit and a constant regulatory subunit, that associates with a variety of regulatory subunits. The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity. This gene encodes an alpha isoform of the regulatory subunit B56 subfamily. Interactions PPP2R5A has been shown to interact with: * AXIN1, * CTLA-4, * PPP2CA, * PPP2R1A, * PPP2R1B, and * PPP2R5C Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PPP2R5C'' ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PPP2CA
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform is an enzyme that (in humans) is encoded by the ''PPP2CA'' gene. Function This gene encodes the phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit. Protein phosphatase 2A is one of the four major Ser/Thr phosphatases, and it is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division. It consists of a common heteromeric core enzyme, which is composed of a catalytic subunit and a constant regulatory subunit, that associates with a variety of regulatory subunits. This gene encodes an alpha isoform of the catalytic subunit. Interactions PPP2CA has been shown to interact with: * Bcl-2, * Bestrophin 1, * CCNG2, * CTTNBP2NL, * CTTNBP2, * Cyclin-dependent kinase 2, * Cyclin-dependent kinase 6, * FAM40A, * IGBP1, * MOBKL3, * PPP2R1A, * PPP2R1B, * PPP2R2A, * PPP2R3B, * PPP2R5A, * PPP2R5B, * PPP2R5C, * PPP2R5D, * PPP2R5E, * STRN3, * STRN, and * TLX1. See also *PPP2CB Serine/threonine-protein ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PPP2R1A
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PPP2R1A'' gene. In the plant Arabidopsis thaliana a similar enzyme is encoded by the RCN1 gene (At1g25490). Function This gene encodes a constant regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2. Protein phosphatase 2 is one of the four major Ser/Thr phosphatases, and it is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division. It consists of a common heteromeric core enzyme, which is composed of a catalytic subunit and a constant regulatory subunit, that associates with a variety of regulatory subunits. The constant regulatory subunit A serves as a scaffolding molecule to coordinate the assembly of the catalytic subunit and a variable regulatory B subunit. This gene encodes an alpha isoform of the constant regulatory subunit A. Interactions PPP2R1A has been shown to interact with: * CTTNBP2NL, * FAM40A, * PPP2CB, PPP2CA, PPP4C, * PPP2R2A, * P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PPP2R2A
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B alpha isoform is an enzyme regulator that in humans is encoded by the ''PPP2R2A'' gene. Function The product of this gene belongs to the phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B family. Protein phosphatase 2 is one of the four major Ser/Thr phosphatases, and it is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division. It consists of a common heteromeric core enzyme, which is composed of a catalytic subunit and a constant regulatory subunit, that associates with a variety of regulatory subunits. The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity. This gene encodes an alpha isoform of the regulatory subunit B55 subfamily. Interactions PPP2R2A has been shown to interact with: * P70-S6 Kinase 1, * PPP2CA, * PPP2R1A, * PPP2R1B, * TGF beta receptor 1, and * p107 The P107 was a World War II French half-track. History In the 1920s and 1930s Citroën developed a long li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PPP2R2B
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B beta isoform is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PPP2R2B'' gene. The product of this gene belongs to the phosphatase 2regulatory subunit B family. Protein phosphatase 2 is one of the four major Ser/ Thr phosphatases, and it is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division. It consists of a common heteromeric core enzyme, which is composed of a catalytic subunit and a constant regulatory subunit, that associates with a variety of regulatory subunits. The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity. This gene encodes a beta isoform A protein isoform, or "protein variant", is a member of a set of highly similar proteins that originate from a single gene or gene family and are the result of genetic differences. While many perform the same or similar biological roles, some iso ... of the regulatory subunit B55 subfamily. Defects in the 5' UTR of this ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PPP2R4
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PPP2R4'' gene. Protein phosphatase 2A is one of the four major Ser/Thr phosphatases and is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division. Protein phosphatase 2A holoenzymes are heterotrimeric proteins composed of a structural subunit A, a catalytic subunit C, and a regulatory subunit B. The regulatory subunit is encoded by a diverse set of genes that have been grouped into the B/PR55, B'/PR61, and B''/PR72 families. These different regulatory subunits confer distinct enzymatic specificities and intracellular localizations to the holozenzyme. The product of this gene belongs to the B' family. This gene encodes a specific phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activator of the dimeric form of protein phosphatase 2A. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Interactions PPP2R4 has been shown to interact with PPP2R3A, CCNG1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microcystin
Microcystins—or cyanoginosins—are a class of toxins produced by certain freshwater cyanobacteria, commonly known as blue-green algae. Over 250 different microcystins have been discovered so far, of which microcystin-LR is the most common. Chemically they are cyclic heptapeptides produced through nonribosomal peptide synthases. Cyanobacteria can produce microcystins in large quantities during algal blooms which then pose a major threat to drinking and irrigation water supplies, and the environment at large. Characteristics Microcystins—or cyanoginosins—are a class of toxins produced by certain freshwater cyanobacteria; primarily ''Microcystis aeruginosa'' but also other ''Microcystis'', as well as members of the ''Planktothrix'', ''Anabaena'', ''Oscillatoria'' and ''Nostoc'' genera. Over 250 different microcystins have been discovered so far, of which microcystin-LR is the most common. Chemically they are cyclic heptapeptides produced through nonribosomal peptide synthase ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PPP2CB
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PPP2CB'' gene. Function This gene encodes the phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit. Protein phosphatase 2A is one of the four major Ser/Thr phosphatases, and it is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division. It consists of a common heteromeric core enzyme, which is composed of a catalytic subunit and a constant regulatory subunit, that associates with a variety of regulatory subunits. This gene encodes a beta isoform of the catalytic subunit. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified for this gene. Interactions PPP2CB has been shown to interact with TLX1, PPP2R1B and PPP2R1A. See also * PPP2CA Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform is an enzyme that (in humans) is encoded by the ''PPP2CA'' gene. Function This gene encodes the phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit. Protein ph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PPP2R2C
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B gamma isoform is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PPP2R2C'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b .... Function The product of this gene belongs to the phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B family. Protein phosphatase 2 is one of the four major Ser/Thr phosphatases, and it is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division. It consists of a common heteromeric core enzyme, which is composed of a catalytic subunit and a constant regulatory subunit, that associates with a variety of regulatory subunits. The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity. This gene encodes a gamma isoform of the regulatory subunit B55 subfamily. Alternatively spli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein Phosphatase
A protein phosphatase is a phosphatase enzyme that removes a phosphate group from the phosphorylated amino acid residue of its Substrate (biochemistry), substrate protein. Protein phosphorylation is one of the most common forms of reversible protein posttranslational modification (Post-translational modification, PTM), with up to 30% of all proteins being phosphorylated at any given time. Protein kinases (PKs) are the effectors of phosphorylation and catalyse the transfer of a γ-phosphate from ATP to specific amino acids on proteins. Several hundred PKs exist in mammals and are classified into distinct super-families. Proteins are phosphorylated predominantly on Ser, Thr and Tyr residues, which account for 79.3, 16.9 and 3.8% respectively of the phosphoproteome, at least in mammals. In contrast, protein phosphatases (PPs) are the primary effectors of dephosphorylation and can be grouped into three main classes based on sequence, structure and catalytic function. The largest class of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PPP2R3A
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit alpha is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PPP2R3A'' gene. Protein phosphatase 2 (formerly named type 2A) is one of the four major Ser/Thr phosphatases and is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division. Protein phosphatase 2 holoenzymes are heterotrimeric proteins composed of a structural subunit A, a catalytic subunit C, and a regulatory subunit B. The regulatory subunit is encoded by a diverse set of genes that have been grouped into the B/PR55, B'/PR61, and B''/PR72 families. These different regulatory subunits confer distinct enzymatic specificities and intracellular localizations to the holozenzyme. The product of this gene belongs to the B'' family. The B'' family has been further divided into subfamilies. The product of this gene belongs to the alpha subfamily of regulatory subunit B''. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PPP2R2D
PP2A subunit B isoform delta also known as serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B delta isoform is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPP2R2D gene. It is a regulatory subunit of the heterotrimeric protein phosphatase 2 Protein phosphatase 2 (PP2), also known as PP2A, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PPP2CA'' gene. The PP2A heterotrimeric protein phosphatase is ubiquitously expressed, accounting for a large fraction of phosphatase activity in eu ... enzyme. References Further reading * * {{gene-10-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
