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Pushback
Pushback may refer to: * Pushback (aviation), a vehicle for towing airplanes * Pushback (migration), any measure aimed at forcing migrants to return over a border * Backlash (other) {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pushback (migration)
In migration, pushback is "a set of state measures by which refugees and migrants are forced back over a border – generally immediately after they crossed it – without consideration of their individual circumstances and without any possibility to apply for asylum". Pushbacks violate the prohibition of collective expulsion of asylum seekers in Protocol 4 in countries party to the European Convention on Human Rights and often violate the international law prohibition on non-refoulement. Pushback is contrasted with "pullback", a form of extraterritorial migration control the country seeking to repel asylum seekers arranges with a third country to prevent them from leaving. Definition Neža Kogovšek Šalamon considers that there is no single, recognized definition of a pushback, but in general they can be characterized as "informal collective forced returns of people who irregularly enter the country back to the country they entered from, via procedures that take place outside ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pushback (aviation)
In aviation, pushback is an airport procedure during which an aircraft is pushed backwards away from its parking position, usually at an airport Gate (airport), gate by external power. Pushbacks are carried out by special, low-profile vehicles called ''pushback tractors'' or ''tugs''. Although many aircraft are capable of moving themselves backwards on the ground using reverse thrust (a procedure referred to as a ''powerback),'' the resulting jet blast or prop wash would cause increased noise, damage to the terminal building or equipment, and can cause injury to airport staff due to flying debris. This debris would also be sucked into the engine, as it is in normal use, and cause excessive wear - a major cause of wear on aircraft engines is during ground use. A pushback is therefore the preferred method when ground-handling aircraft. Definition International Air Transport Association, IATA defines aircraft pushback as "rearward moving of an aircraft from a parking position to a t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
