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Puberty Blockers
Puberty blockers (also called puberty inhibitors or hormone blockers) are medicines used to postpone puberty in children. The most commonly used puberty blockers are gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, which suppress the natural production of sex hormones, such as androgens (e.g. testosterone) and estrogens (e.g. estradiol). Puberty blockers are used to delay puberty in children with precocious puberty. Since at least the 1980s, they are also used to delay the development of unwanted secondary sex characteristics in transgender children, so as to allow transgender youth more time to explore their gender identity under what became known as the "Dutch Protocol". They have been shown to reduce depression and suicidality in transgender and nonbinary youth. The same drugs are also used in fertility medicine and to treat some hormone-sensitive cancers in adults. The use of puberty blockers is supported by the Endocrine Society and the World Professional Association ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puberty
Puberty is the process of physical changes through which a child's body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction. It is initiated by hormonal signals from the brain to the gonads: the ovaries in a female, the testicles in a male. In response to the signals, the gonads produce hormones that stimulate libido and the growth, function, and transformation of the brain, bones, muscle, blood, skin, hair, breasts, and sex organs. Physical growth—height and weight—accelerates in the first half of puberty and is completed when an adult body has been developed. Before puberty, the external sex organs, known as primary sexual characteristics, are sex characteristics that distinguish males and females. Puberty leads to sexual dimorphism through the development of the secondary sex characteristics, which further distinguish the sexes. On average, females begin puberty at age 10½ and complete puberty at ages 15-17; males begin at ages 11½-12 and complete pube ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Medical Association
The American Medical Association (AMA) is an American professional association and lobbying group of physicians and medical students. This medical association was founded in 1847 and is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. Membership was 271,660 in 2022. The AMA's stated mission is "to promote the art and science of medicine and the betterment of public health." The organization was founded with the goal to raise the standards of medicine in the 19th century primarily through gaining control of education and licensing. In the 20th century, the AMA has frequently lobbied to restrict the supply of physicians, contributing to a doctor shortage in the United States. The organization has also lobbied against allowing physician assistants and other health care providers to perform basic forms of health care. The organization has historically lobbied against various forms of government-run health insurance. The Association also publishes the '' Journal of the American Medical Assoc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Childhood Gender Nonconformity
Childhood gender nonconformity (CGN) is a phenomenon in which prepubescent children do not conform to expected gender-related sociological or psychological patterns, or identify with the opposite sex/gender. Typical behavior among those who exhibit the phenomenon includes but is not limited to a propensity to cross-dress, refusal to take part in activities conventionally thought suitable for the gender and the exclusive choice of play-mates of the opposite sex. Multiple studies have correlated childhood gender nonconformity with eventual homosexuality. In these studies, a majority of those who identify as gay or lesbian self-report being gender nonconforming as children. The therapeutic community is divided over the proper response to childhood gender nonconformity. Gender nonconforming children face gender policing from both adults and peers, including bullying and violence based on their gender nonconformity. Gender policing at a young age can increase the risk of alcohol use, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peggy Cohen-Kettenis
Peggy may refer to: People * Peggy (given name), people with the given name or nickname Arts and entertainment * ''Peggy'' (musical), a 1911 musical comedy by Stuart and Bovill * ''Peggy'' (album), a 1977 Peggy Lee album * ''Peggy'' (1916 film), a silent comedy * ''Peggy'' (1950 film), a comedy * ''Peggy'' (novel), a 1970 historical novel by Lois Duncan * the peggies, a Japanese all-female band * JPEGMafia, an American rapper, singer, and record producer * "Peggy" (song), a 2024 song by English rapper Ceechynaa * "Peggy", a 2012 song by Dala from their album ''Best Day'' * "Peggy", a 2014 song by Elastinen Nautical vessels * , a United States Navy patrol boat in commission from 1917 to 1918 * ''Peggy'' (1793 ship) * ''Peggy'', a French ship in the 1801 United States Supreme Court case '' United States v. Schooner Peggy'' * ''Peggy'' of Castletown, an armed yacht built in 1789, the oldest surviving boat from the Isle of Man Other uses * Mitsubishi Ki-67, a Japane ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gender Transitioning
Gender transition is the process of affirming and expressing one's internal sense of gender, rather than the sex assigned to them at birth. It is a recommended course of treatment for individuals experiencing gender dysphoria, providing improved mental health outcomes in the majority of people. A social transition may include coming out as transgender, using a new name and pronouns, and changing one's public gender expression.Brown, M. L. & Rounsley, C. A. (1996) ''True Selves: Understanding Transsexualism – For Families, Friends, Coworkers, and Helping Professionals'' Jossey-Bass: San Francisco This is usually the first step in a gender transition. People socially transition at almost any age, as a social transition does not involve medical procedures. It can, however, be a prerequisite to accessing transgender healthcare in many places. In transgender youth, puberty blockers are sometimes offered at the onset of puberty to allow the exploration of their gender identity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gender-affirming Hormone Therapy
Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), also called hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or transgender hormone therapy, is a form of hormone therapy in which sex hormones and other sex-hormonal agent, hormonal medications are administered to transgender or gender nonconforming individuals for the purpose of more closely aligning their secondary sexual characteristics with their gender identity. This form of hormone therapy is given as one of two types, based on whether the goal of treatment is masculinization or feminization (biology), feminization: * Masculinizing hormone therapy – for Trans man, transgender men or transmasculine people; consists of androgens and occasionally antiestrogens. * Feminizing hormone therapy – for Trans woman, transgender women or transfeminine people; consists of estrogen (medication), estrogens with or without antiandrogens. Eligibility for GAHT may require an assessment for gender dysphoria or persistent gender incongruence; Many medical instituti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gender Dysphoria In Adolescents
Gender dysphoria (GD) in children, also known as gender incongruence (GI) of childhood, is a formal diagnosis for distress (gender dysphoria) caused by incongruence between assigned sex and gender identity in some pre-pubescent transgender and gender diverse children. The diagnosis ''Gender dysphoria in children'' is defined in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), and ''Gender incongruence of childhood'' is defined in the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases but considered a physical rather than psychiatric condition. The diagnoses replaced gender identity disorder in children, which had been present in the DSM since 1980 and ICD since 1990 but were considered stigmatizing towards transgender people. The diagnoses were kept to insure insurance coverage for gender-affirming healthcare. The GD diagnosis is controversial in the transgender community as some feel it continues to stigmatize transgender iden ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transgender Youth
Transgender youth are children or adolescents who do not identify with the Sex assignment, sex they were assigned at birth. Because transgender youth are usually dependent on their parents for care, shelter, financial support, and other needs, they face different challenges compared to adults. According to the World Professional Association for Transgender Health, the American Psychological Association, and the American Academy of Pediatrics, appropriate care for transgender youth may include supportive mental health care, social transition, and/or puberty blockers, which delay puberty and the development of secondary sex characteristics to allow children more time to explore their gender identity. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, by age four, most children have a stable sense of their gender identity, and research substantiates that children who are prepubertal and assert a transgender or gender diverse identity know their gender as clearly and as consistently ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of Genetic disorder#Autosomal recessive, autosomal recessive disorders characterized by impaired cortisol synthesis. It results from the deficiency of one of the five enzymes required for the Biosynthesis, synthesis of cortisol in the adrenal cortex. Most of these disorders involve excessive or deficient production of hormones such as glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, or sex steroids, and can alter development of primary sex characteristic, primary or secondary sex characteristics in some affected infants, children, or adults. It is one of the most common autosomal recessive disorders in humans. Types CAH can occur in various forms. The clinical presentation of each form is different and depends to a large extent on the underlying enzyme defect, its precursor retention, and deficient products. Classical forms appear in infancy and nonclassical forms appear in late childhood. The presentation in patients with classic CAH can be fu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypothalamic Hamartomas
Tuber cinereum hamartoma is a benign tumor in which a disorganized collection of neurons and glia accumulate at the tuber cinereum of the hypothalamus on the floor of the third ventricle. It is a congenital malformation, included on the spectrum of gray matter heterotopias. Formation occurs during embryogenesis, typically between days 33 and 41 of gestation. Size of the tumor varies from one to three centimeters in diameter, with the mean being closer to the low end of this range. It is estimated to occur at a frequency of one in one million individuals. Signs and symptoms The classic presentation is gelastic or laughing epilepsy, a disorder characterized by spells of involuntary laughter with interval irritability and depressed mood. The tumor can be associated with other seizure types as well as precocious puberty and behavioral disorders. Gelastic epilepsy has been more classically associated with sessile lesions and precocious puberty reported with pedunculated morphology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secondary Sex Characteristics
A secondary sex characteristic is a physical characteristic of an organism that is related to or derived from its sex, but not directly part of its reproductive system. In humans, these characteristics typically start to appear during puberty—and include enlarged breasts and widened hips of females, facial hair and Adam's apples on males, and pubic hair on both. In non-human animals, they can start to appear at sexual maturity—and include, for example, the manes of male lions, the bright facial and rump coloration of male mandrills, and horns in many goats and antelopes. Secondary sex characteristics are particularly evident in the sexually dimorphic phenotypic traits that distinguish the sexes of a species. In evolution, secondary sex characteristics are the product of sexual selection for traits that show fitness, giving an organism an advantage over its rivals in courtship and in aggressive interactions. Many characteristics are believed to have been established b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gender Dysphoria
Gender dysphoria (GD) is the distress a person experiences due to inconsistency between their gender identitytheir personal sense of their own genderand their sex assigned at birth. The term replaced the previous diagnostic label of gender identity disorder (GID) in 2013 with the release of the diagnostic manual DSM-5. The condition was renamed to remove the stigma associated with the term ''disorder''. The International Classification of Diseases uses the term gender incongruence (GI) instead of ''gender dysphoria'', defined as a marked and persistent mismatch between gender identity and assigned gender, regardless of distress or impairment. Not all transgender people have gender dysphoria. Gender nonconformity is not the same thing as gender dysphoria and does not always lead to dysphoria or distress. In pre-pubertal youth, the diagnoses are gender dysphoria in childhood and gender incongruence of childhood. The causes of gender incongruence are unknown but a gender i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
