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Program Equilibrium
Program equilibrium is a game theory , game-theoretic solution concept for a scenario in which players submit computer programs to play the game on their behalf and the programs can read each other's source code. The term was introduced by Moshe Tennenholtz in 2004. The same setting had previously been studied by R. Preston McAfee, J. V. Howard and Ariel Rubinstein. Setting and definition The program equilibrium literature considers the following setting. Consider a normal-form game as a base game. For simplicity, consider a two-player game in which S_1 and S_2 are the sets of available strategy (game theory) , strategies and u_1 and u_2 are the players' Utility#Functions , utility functions. Then we construct a new (normal-form) ''program game'' in which each player i chooses a computer program p_i. The payoff (utility) for the players is then determined as follows. Each player's program p_i is run with the other program p_ as input and outputs a strategy s_i for Player i. F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Game Theory
Game theory is the study of mathematical models of strategic interactions. It has applications in many fields of social science, and is used extensively in economics, logic, systems science and computer science. Initially, game theory addressed two-person zero-sum games, in which a participant's gains or losses are exactly balanced by the losses and gains of the other participant. In the 1950s, it was extended to the study of non zero-sum games, and was eventually applied to a wide range of Human behavior, behavioral relations. It is now an umbrella term for the science of rational Decision-making, decision making in humans, animals, and computers. Modern game theory began with the idea of mixed-strategy equilibria in two-person zero-sum games and its proof by John von Neumann. Von Neumann's original proof used the Brouwer fixed-point theorem on continuous mappings into compact convex sets, which became a standard method in game theory and mathematical economics. His paper was f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
