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Privileges Or Immunities Clause
The Privileges or Immunities Clause is Amendment XIV, Section 1, Clause 2 of the United States Constitution. Along with the rest of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Fourteenth Amendment, this clause became part of the Constitution on July 9, 1868. Text of the clause The clause states: Drafting and adoption The primary author of the Privileges or Immunities Clause was Congressman John Bingham of Ohio. The common historical view is that Bingham's primary inspiration, at least for his initial prototype of this Clause, was the Privileges and Immunities Clause, Privileges ''and'' Immunities Clause in Article Four of the United States Constitution, which provided that "The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States". On February 3, 1866, the United States Congress Joint Committee on Reconstruction , Joint Committee on Reconstruction (also known as the "Joint Committee of Fifteen") voted in f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Privileges And Immunities Clause
The Privileges and Immunities Clause (United States Constitution, U.S. Constitution, Article Four of the United States Constitution, Article IV, Section 2, Clause 1, also known as the Comity Clause) prevents a U.S. state, state of the United States from treating citizens of other states in a discriminatory manner. Additionally, a right of Freedom of movement under United States law, interstate travel is associated with the clause. Text Prior to ratification of Constitution The clause is similar to a provision in the Articles of Confederation: "The free inhabitants of each of these States, paupers, vagabond (person), vagabonds and fugitives from justice excepted, shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of free citizens in the several States." James Madison discussed that provision of the Articles of Confederation in ''Federalist No. 42''. Madison wrote, "Those who come under the denomination of free inhabitants of a State, although not citizens of such State, are ent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Court Of The United States
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all Federal tribunals in the United States, U.S. federal court cases, and over State court (United States), state court cases that turn on questions of Constitution of the United States, U.S. constitutional or Law of the United States, federal law. It also has Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of the United States, original jurisdiction over a narrow range of cases, specifically "all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party." In 1803, the Court asserted itself the power of Judicial review in the United States, judicial review, the ability to invalidate a statute for violating a provision of the Constitution via the landmark case ''Marbury v. Madison''. It is also able to strike down presidential directives for violating either the Constitution or s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Richmond School Of Law
The University of Richmond School of Law (abbreviated as Richmond Law) is the law school of the University of Richmond, a private liberal arts college in Richmond, Virginia. Richmond Law is ranked tied for 66th in the US by ''U.S. News & World Report''. ''US News'' With approximately 150 J.D. candidates per class year, the University of Richmond School of Law is Higher education accreditation in the United States, accredited by the . [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cato Institute
The Cato Institute is an American libertarian think tank headquartered in Washington, D.C. It was founded in 1977 by Ed Crane, Murray Rothbard, and Charles Koch, chairman of the board and chief executive officer of Koch Industries.Koch Industries is the second largest privately held company by revenue in the United States. Cato was established to focus on public advocacy, media exposure, and societal influence. Cato advocates for a limited governmental role in domestic and foreign affairs and strong protection of civil liberties, including support for lowering or abolishing most taxes, opposition to the Federal Reserve system and the Affordable Care Act, the privatization of numerous government agencies and programs including Social Security and the United States Postal Service, demilitarization of the police, open borders and adhering to a non-interventionist foreign policy. According to the 2019 Global ''Go to Think Tank Index Report'' (revised June 2020, Thin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roger Pilon
Roger Pilon (born November 28, 1942) is Vice President for Legal Affairs for the Cato Institute, and an American Libertarian theories of law, libertarian legal theorist. In particular, he has developed a libertarian version of the rights theory of his teacher Alan Gewirth. Education Roger Pilon has three philosophy degrees: a B.A. degree from Columbia University and an M.A. and Ph.D., both from the University of Chicago. He also earned a J.D. from George Washington University. General background Pilon is the publisher of the Cato Supreme Court Review. His writing has appeared in such newspapers as the ''New York Times'', the ''Washington Post'', the ''Wall Street Journal'', and the ''Los Angeles Times''. He also frequently appears on television shows and testifies before Congress. In addition, Pilon held five senior posts in the administration of Ronald Reagan, during which was investigated for possibly disclosing classified information to a foreign government, but not prosecuted. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Van Alstyne
William Warner Van Alstyne (February 8, 1934 – January 29, 2019) was an American attorney, law professor, and constitutional law scholar. Prior to retiring in 2012, he held the named position of Lee Professor of Law at William and Mary Law School. He was the Perkins Professor of Law at Duke Law School for more than 30 years. Among many others, he taught at Chicago Law School, Stanford Law School, University of California, Berkeley Law School, University of California, Los Angeles Law School, and Michigan Law School. Early life and education Van Alstyne was born in Chico, California to Richard and Margaret (Ware) Van Alstyne. His father was a college professor and historian and his mother was a writer of children's literature. Van Alstyne received his Bachelor of Arts in philosophy ''magna cum laude'' from the University of Southern California. He received his Juris Doctor from Stanford Law School. Following his admission to the California Bar and brief service as deputy atto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oyama V
Oyama, Ōyama or Ohyama may refer to: * Oyama, Tochigi (), a city in Japan * Ōyama, Ōita (), a town in Japan * Oyama, Shizuoka (), a town in Japan * Ōyama, Toyama, (), a former town in Japan * Mount Ōyama (Kanagawa) (), a mountain in Japan * Oyama, British Columbia, a town in Lake Country, British Columbia, Canada * ''Oyama'' (Japanese theatre), male actors who play female roles in kabuki theatre, also known as ''onnagata'' * Oyama (crater), in Mars * 14922 Ohyama, a inner main-belt asteroid * Oyama Station, a station in Oyama, Tochigi * Ōyama Station, stations with that name * Oyama (Bicycle) A brand of bicycle People with the surname *, Japanese footballer * Anza Ohyama (born 1976), Japanese singer and actress *Arthur Henrique Ricciardi Oyama, or simply Arthur Henrique (born 1987), Brazilian footballer * Erica Oyama (born 1981), American television writer * Harue Oyama McVay (born 1928), American ceramist *, Japanese conductor and violinist *Ōyama Iwao (), Japanese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Due Process
Due process of law is application by the state of all legal rules and principles pertaining to a case so all legal rights that are owed to a person are respected. Due process balances the power of law of the land and protects the individual person from it. When a government harms a person without following the exact course of the law, this constitutes a due process violation, which offends the rule of law. Due process has also been frequently interpreted as limiting laws and legal proceedings (see substantive due process) so that judges, instead of legislators, may define and guarantee fundamental fairness, justice, and liberty. That interpretation has proven controversial. Analogous to the concepts of natural justice and procedural justice used in various other jurisdictions, the interpretation of due process is sometimes expressed as a command that the government must not be unfair to the people or abuse them physically or mentally. The term is not used in contemporary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Habeas Corpus
''Habeas corpus'' (; from Medieval Latin, ) is a legal procedure invoking the jurisdiction of a court to review the unlawful detention or imprisonment of an individual, and request the individual's custodian (usually a prison official) to bring the prisoner to court, to determine whether their detention is lawful. ''Habeas corpus'' is generally enforced via writ, and accordingly referred to as a writ of ''habeas corpus''. The writ of ''habeas corpus'' is one of what are called the "extraordinary", "common law", or " prerogative writs", which were historically issued by the English courts in the name of the monarch to control inferior courts and public authorities within the kingdom. The writ was a legal mechanism that allowed a court to exercise jurisdiction and guarantee the rights of all the Crown's subjects against arbitrary arrest and detention. At common law the burden was usually on the official to prove that a detention was authorized. ''Habeas corpus'' has cert ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incorporation (Bill Of Rights)
Incorporation may refer to: * Incorporation (business), the creation of a business or corporation * Incorporation of a place, the creation of municipal corporation such as a city or county * Incorporation (academic), awarding a degree based on the student having an equivalent degree from another university * Incorporation of the Bill of Rights, extension of parts of the United States Bill of Rights to bind individual American states. * Incorporation of international law, giving domestic legal force to a sovereign state's international legal obligations * Incorporation (linguistics), the compunding of a morpheme with another word or phrase * Incorporation (Netherlands), the annexation of the Netherlands by the First French Empire See also * Incorporation by reference * Incorporated (other) * Corporation A corporation or body corporate is an individual or a group of people, such as an association or company, that has been authorized by the State (polity), s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samuel Freeman Miller
Samuel Freeman Miller (April 5, 1816 – October 13, 1890) was an American lawyer and physician who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, associate justice of the United States Supreme Court, U.S. Supreme Court from 1862 until his death in 1890 and who authored landmark opinions in ''United States v. Kagama'' and ''The Slaughterhouse Cases''. Early life, education, and medical career Born in Richmond, Kentucky, Miller was the son of Yeoman#United States, yeoman farmer Frederick Miller and his wife Patsy. He earned a medical degree in 1838 from Transylvania University in Lexington, Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky. While practicing medicine for a decade in Barbourville, Kentucky, he taught himself the law and was admitted to the bar in 1847. Favoring the Abolitionism in the United States, abolition of slavery, which was prevalent in Kentucky, he supported the Whig Party (United States), Whigs in Kentucky. Career In 1850, Miller moved to Ke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obiter Dicta
''Obiter dictum'' (usually used in the plural, ''obiter dicta'') is a Latin phrase meaning "said in passing",''Black's Law Dictionary'', p. 967 (5th ed. 1979). that is, any remark in a legal opinion that is "said in passing" by a judge or arbitrator. It is a concept derived from English common law, whereby a judgment comprises only two elements: ''ratio decidendi'' and ''obiter dicta''. For the purposes of judicial precedent, ''ratio decidendi'' is binding, whereas ''obiter dicta'' are persuasive only. Significance A judicial statement can be ''ratio decidendi'' only if it refers to the crucial facts and law of the case. Statements that are not crucial, or which refer to hypothetical facts or to unrelated law issues, are ''obiter dicta''. ''Obiter dicta'' (often simply '' dicta'', or ''obiter'') are remarks or observations made by a judge that, although included in the body of the court's opinion, do not form a necessary part of the court's decision. In a court opinion, ''obiter d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
