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Prewriting
Prewriting is the first stage of the writing process, typically followed by drafting, revision, editing and publishing. Prewriting can consist of a combination of outlining, diagramming, storyboarding, and clustering (for a technique similar to clustering, see mindmapping). Motivation and audience awareness Prewriting usually begins with motivation and audience awareness: what is the student or writer trying to communicate, why is it important to communicate it well and who is the audience for this communication. It helps you put your thought out onto the paper on what you want to write about. Writers usually begin with a clear idea of audience, content and the importance of their communication; sometimes, one of these needs to be clarified for the best communication. Student writers find motivation especially difficult because they are writing for a teacher or for a grade, instead of a real audience. Often teachers try to find a real audience for students by asking them to r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free Writing
Free writing is traditionally regarded as a prewriting technique practiced in academic environments, in which a person writes continuously for a set period of time with limited concern for rhetoric, conventions, and mechanics, sometimes working from a specific prompt provided by a teacher. While free writing often produces raw, or even unusable material, it can help writers overcome writing blocks and build confidence by allowing them to practice text-production phases of the writing process without the fear of censure. Some writers use the technique to collect initial thoughts and ideas on a topic, often as a preliminary to formal writing. Unlike brainstorming, where ideas are listed or organized, a free-written paragraph is comparatively formless or unstructured. History Dorothea Brande was an early proponent of freewriting. In her book ''Becoming a Writer'' (1934), she advises readers to sit and write for 15 minutes every morning, as fast as they can. She argues that doing so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revision (writing)
Revision is a process in writing of rearranging, adding, or removing paragraphs, sentences, or words. Writers may revise their writing after a draft is complete or during the composing process. Revision involves many of the strategies known generally as editing but also can entail larger conceptual shifts of purpose and audience as well as content. Within the writing process, revision comes once one has written a draft to work with, so that one can re-see and improve it, iteratively. Working at both deeper and more surface levels a writer can increase the power of the text. In an essay, revision may involve the identification of a thesis, a reconsideration of structure or organization, working at uncovering weaknesses, elaborating evidence and illustrations, or clarifying unclear positions. A factor that distinguishes students from making surface level revisions to macro level revisions, is the amount of time given by teachers. Revision takes time. Many writers go through multiple ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Writing Process
A writing process is a set of mental and physical steps that someone takes to create any type of text. Almost always, these activities require inscription equipment, either digital or physical: chisels, pencils, brushes, chalk, dyes, keyboards, touchscreens, etc.; each of these tools has unique affordances that influence writers' workflows. Writing processes are very individualized and task-specific; they frequently incorporate activities such as talking, drawing, reading, browsing, and other activities that are not typically associated with writing. Historical and contemporary perspectives In 1972, Donald M. Murray published a brief manifesto titled "Teach Writing as a Process Not Product", in which he argued that English teachers' conventional training in literary criticism caused them to hold students' work to unhelpful standards of highly polished "finished writing".Donald M. Murray, "Teach Writing as a Process Not Product" ''The Leaflet'' (November 1972), rpt. in ''Cross-Ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plagiarism
Plagiarism is the representation of another person's language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions as one's own original work.From the 1995 ''Random House Dictionary of the English Language, Random House Compact Unabridged Dictionary'': use or close imitation of the language and thoughts of another author and the representation of them as one's own original work qtd. in From the Oxford English Dictionary: The action or practice of taking someone else's work, idea, etc., and passing it off as one's own; literary theft. Although precise definitions vary depending on the institution, in many countries and cultures plagiarism is considered a violation of academic integrity and journalistic ethics, as well as of social norms around learning, teaching, research, fairness, respect, and responsibility. As such, a person or Legal Entity, entity that is determined to have committed plagiarism is often subject to various punishments or sanctions, such as Suspension (punishment), suspension, Expul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persuasive Writing
Persuasive writing is a form of written argument designed to convince, motivate, or sway readers toward a specific point of view or opinion on a given topic. This writing style relies on presenting reasoned opinions supported by evidence that substantiates the central thesis. Examples of persuasive writing include criticisms, reviews, reaction papers, editorials, proposals, advertisements, and brochures, all of which employ various persuasive techniques to influence readers. In formal and academic contexts, persuasive writing often requires a comprehensive understanding of both sides of the argument—the position in favor and the opposing viewpoint. Acknowledging the counterargument is a strategy in this type of writing. By distinguishing and minimizing the significance of opposing perspectives, the writer enhances the credibility and persuasiveness of their argument. When conducting research to support a thesis, anticipating potential objections or disagreements from critical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expository Writing
The rhetorical modes (also known as modes of discourse) are a broad traditional classification of the major kinds of formal and academic writing (including speech-writing) by their rhetorical (persuasive) purpose: narration, description, exposition, and argumentation. First attempted by Samuel P. Newman in ''A Practical System of Rhetoric'' in 1827, the modes of discourse have long influenced US writing instruction and particularly the design of mass-market writing assessments, despite critiques of the explanatory power of these classifications for non-school writing. Definitions Different definitions of mode apply to different types of writing. Chris Baldick defines mode as an unspecific critical term usually designating a broad but identifiable kind of literary method, mood, or manner that is not tied exclusively to a particular form or genre. Examples are the ''satiric'' mode, the ''ironic'', the ''comic'', the ''pastoral'', and the ''didactic''. Frederick Crews use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fiction
Fiction is any creative work, chiefly any narrative work, portraying character (arts), individuals, events, or setting (narrative), places that are imagination, imaginary or in ways that are imaginary. Fictional portrayals are thus inconsistent with fact, history, or plausibility. In a traditional narrow sense, fiction refers to literature, written narratives in prose often specifically novels, novellas, and short story, short stories. More broadly, however, fiction encompasses imaginary narratives expressed in any Media (communication), medium, including not just writings but also drama, live theatrical performances, films, television programs, radio dramas, comics, role-playing games, and video games. Definition and theory Typically, the fictionality of a work is publicly expressed, so the audience expects a work of fiction to deviate to a greater or lesser degree from the real world, rather than presenting for instance only factually accurate portrayals or character (arts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhetorical Mode
The rhetorical modes (also known as modes of discourse) are a broad traditional classification of the major kinds of formal and academic writing (including speech-writing) by their rhetorical (persuasive) purpose: narration, description, exposition, and argumentation. First attempted by Samuel P. Newman in ''A Practical System of Rhetoric'' in 1827, the modes of discourse have long influenced US writing instruction and particularly the design of mass-market writing assessments, despite critiques of the explanatory power of these classifications for non-school writing. Definitions Different definitions of mode apply to different types of writing. Chris Baldick defines mode as an unspecific critical term usually designating a broad but identifiable kind of literary method, mood, or manner that is not tied exclusively to a particular form or genre. Examples are the ''satiric'' mode, the ''ironic'', the ''comic'', the ''pastoral'', and the ''didactic''. Frederick Crews uses th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chang, Kuo-En
Kuo-En Chang (, born 1958) is the president of Tunghai University and former president of National Taiwan Normal University. Life Born in 1958, Chang grew up in a fishing village of Keelung, Taiwan. After junior high school, he gave up "the chance to study at the Affiliated Senior High School of National Taiwan Normal University (國立臺灣師範大學附屬高級中學, 師大附中) and chose to join thDepartment of Electrical Engineeringat National Taiwan Institute of Technology (now the National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 國立臺灣科技大學) for professional training." After the national compulsory military service, Chang spent a year on professional practice. He not only worked on lathes but also utility poles. Afterwards, Chang resumed his studies in the Department of Electronic Engineering. Chang then switched to the fields of computation in thDepartment of Electrical Engineeringat National Taiwan University (國立臺灣大學), where he received ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Storyboarding
A storyboard is a graphic organizer that consists of simple illustrations or images displayed in sequence for the purpose of Previsualization, pre-visualizing a film, motion picture, animation, motion graphic or interactive media sequence. The storyboarding process, in the form it is known today, was developed at Walt Disney Animation Studios, Walt Disney Productions during the early 1930s, after several years of similar processes being in use at Walt Disney and other animation studios. Origins Many large budget silent films were storyboarded, but most of this material has been lost during the reduction of the studio archives during the 1970s and 1980s. Special effects pioneer Georges Méliès is known to have been among the first filmmakers to use storyboards and pre-production art to visualize planned effects. However, storyboarding in the form widely known today was developed at the Walt Disney Feature Animation, Walt Disney studio during the early 1930s. In the biography of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Outline (list)
An outline, also called a hierarchical outline, is a list arranged to show hierarchy, hierarchical relationships and is a type of tree structure. An outline is used to present the main points (in Sentence (linguistics), sentences) or Topic and comment, topics (Terminology, terms) of a given subject. Each item in an outline may be divided into additional sub-items. If an organizational level in an outline is to be sub-divided, it shall have at least two subcategories, although one subcategory is acceptable on the third and fourth levels, as advised by major style manuals in current use. An outline may be used as a drafting tool of a document, or as a summary of the content of a document or of the knowledge in an entire field. It is not to be confused with the general context of the term "outline", which is a summary or overview of a subject presented verbally or written in prose (for example, ''The Outline of History'' is not an outline of the type presented below). The outlines d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
