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Porfirio Muñoz Ledo
Porfirio Alejandro Muñoz Ledo y Lazo de la Vega (23 July 1933 – 9 July 2023) was a Mexican politician. He was one of the founders of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD), and served as Ambassador to Cuba from January 2022 until his death. Biography Born in Mexico City, Muñoz Ledo studied law at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) from 1951 to 1955 and later pursued graduate studies at the University of Paris. Muñoz Ledo served as a member of the cabinets of Presidents Luis Echeverría as Secretary of Labor (1972–1975) and José López Portillo as Secretary of Education (1976–1977). He was President of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) during the presidential campaign of 1975–1976. Muñoz Ledo was Mexico's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1978 to 1985, where he presided over the UN Security Council, the Group of 77 and the negotiations of the Global Economic Agreements. In 1988 he broke with the PRI and won a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of The Chamber Of Deputies (Mexico)
The president of the Chamber of Deputies (Spanish: ''Presidente de la Cámara de Diputados'') is the presiding officer of the Chamber of Deputies of Mexico. This position is analogous to the speaker of the House in other legislatures. The current president is deputy Sergio Gutiérrez Luna, who was elected as substitute president on 8 October 2024 after the passing of previous president Ifigenia Martínez y Hernández. The president is elected for a one-year term. One of the main characteristics of the position is assuming the role of president of the Congress of the Union during joint-sessions of General Congress, including: the ceremonial opening of ordinary (and extraordinary) legislative periods, the inaugural ceremony of the president of Mexico where this presiding officer receives the presidential sash from the outgoing president to deliver it to the incoming president, and the reception of the Mexican president's yearly government report at the beginning of every legis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labor Party (Mexico)
The Labor Party ( , PT; also known as the Workers Party) is a socialist political party in Mexico. It was founded on 8 December 1990. The party is currently led by Alberto Anaya. Following the 2018 election, the PT became the third-largest political party in the Chamber of Deputies with 61 deputies, after Morena with 191 and the PAN with 81. Political maneuvering briefly established the PRI as the third-largest party in August 2020, although it later turned out that the PT and the PRI were tied with 46 seats each after doubtful PRD deputy defections in favor of the PRI. It received 6.46% of the total votes cast in the 2024 presidential election, becoming the sixth national political force. It has 49 deputies and 6 senators in the LXVI legislature of the Congress of the Union. History Foundation Initial History Following the coordination of several social groups, including the Independent Teachers' Movement, the National Union of Agricultural Workers (UNTA), the Natio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas
Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas Solórzano (; born 1 May 1934) is a Mexicans, Mexican politician and civil engineer. A prominent Social democracy, social-democrat and the son of 51st president of Mexico Lázaro Cárdenas, he is a former List of heads of government of Mexico City, Head of Government of Mexico City and a founder of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). He ran for the presidency of Mexico three times, and his loss in the 1988 Mexican general election to Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) candidate Carlos Salinas de Gortari had long been considered the result of electoral fraud perpetrated by the ruling PRI, later acknowledged by Miguel de la Madrid, the incumbent president at the time of the election. He previously served as a Senate of the Republic (Mexico), Senator, having been elected in 1976 in Mexico, 1976 to represent the state of Michoacán and also as the Governor of Michoacán from 1980 in Mexico, 1980 to 1986 in Mexico, 1986. Early life and education C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Democratic Front (Mexico)
The “National Democratic Front” () was a coalition of Mexican Left-wing politics, left-wing Political party, political parties created to compete in the 1988 Mexican general election, 1988 presidential elections and, as such, was the immediate predecessor of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). It was the result of an agglutination of small political left and center-left forces with dissident members from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). Their candidate for the presidential election was Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas. History Background The National Democratic Front had its origins in the PRI, where the Democratic Current – founded in 1986 and led by Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas, Porfirio Muñoz Ledo, Ifigenia Martínez y Hernández, Ifigenia Martínez, and others – tried to democratize the internal selection of the PRI's presidential candidate, while also protesting against the economic policies of then-president Miguel de la Madrid. When in October 1987 Carlos Salina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mexican Senate
The Senate of the Republic (), constitutionally the Chamber of Senators of the Honorable Congress of the Union (), is the upper house of Mexico's bicameral Congress. It currently consists of 128 members, who serve six-year terms. History A bicameral legislature, including the Senate, was established on 4 October 1824. The Senate was abolished on 7 September 1857 and re-established on 13 November 1874. Under the regime of Porfirio Díaz (the Porfiriato: 1876–1910), many seats were given to elites and wealthy people loyal to the regime. During the Mexican Revolution, notably during the brief presidency of Francisco I. Madero, the Senate was left intact with Porfirian sympathizers, who blocked the president's attempts to pass reforms for the Revolution. Composition After a series of reforms during the 1990s, the Senate consists of 128 senators: * Two for each of the 32 states, elected under the principle of relative majority. * One for each of the 32 states, assigned under t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Group Of 77
The Group of 77 (G77) at the United Nations (UN) is a coalition of developing country, developing countries, designed to promote its members' collective economic interests and create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the United Nations. The group consists of a diverse set of states with a common South–South cooperation, South-South ideology. There were 77 founding members of the organization headquartered in Geneva, but it has since expanded to 134 member countries. Iraq holds its chairmanship for 2025, succeeding Uganda. The group was founded on 15 June 1964, by 77 Non-Aligned Nations, non-aligned nations in the "Joint Declaration of the Seventy-Seven Countries" issued at the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). The first major meeting was in Algiers in 1967, where the ''Charter of Algiers'' was adopted and the basis for permanent institutional structures was begun under the leadership of Raúl Prebisch who had previously worked at United Nations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Security Council
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international peace and security, recommending the admission of new UN members to the General Assembly, and approving any changes to the UN Charter. Its powers as outlined in the United Nations Charter include establishing peacekeeping operations, enacting international sanctions, and authorizing military action. The UNSC is the only UN body with authority to issue resolutions that are binding on member states. Like the UN as a whole, the Security Council was created after World War II to address the failings of the League of Nations in maintaining world peace. It held its first session on 17 January 1946 but was largely paralysed in the following decades by the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union (and their allies). Nevertheless, it authorized military interventions in the Korean War and the Congo Crisis and peacekeeping ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is the Earth, global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the Charter of the United Nations, UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the stated purpose of maintaining international peace and international security, security, to develop friendly Diplomacy, relations among State (polity), states, to promote international cooperation, and to serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of states in achieving those goals. The United Nations headquarters is located in New York City, with several other offices located in United Nations Office at Geneva, Geneva, United Nations Office at Nairobi, Nairobi, United Nations Office at Vienna, Vienna, and The Hague. The UN comprises six principal organizations: the United Nations General Assembly, General Assembly, the United Nations Security Council, Security Council, the United Nations Economic and Social Council, Economic and Social Council, the International Court of Justice, the United Nations Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secretary Of Education (Mexico)
In Mexico, the Secretariat of Public Education ( in Spanish ''Secretaría de Educación Pública'', ''SEP'') is a federal government authority with cabinet representation and the responsibility for overseeing the development and implementation of national educational policy and school standards. Its headquarters has several buildings distributed throughout the country, but its main offices, initially confined to the Old Dominican Convent of the Holy Incarnation in the oldest borough of Mexico City, have extended to the House of the Marqués de Villamayor, (also known as the ''Casa de los adelantados de Nueva Galicia'', built in 1530), the Old House of don Cristóbal de Oñate, a three-time governor and general captain of New Galicia (also built in 1530), and the Old Royal Customs House (built in 1730–1731). Some of the buildings were decorated with mural paintings by Diego Rivera and other notable exponents of the Mexican muralist movement of the twentieth century, David Alfar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secretary Of Labor (Mexico)
The Mexican Secretariat of Labor and Social Welfare (, ''STPS'') is a Federal Government Department in charge of all social health services in the Mexican Republic. The Secretary is a member of the federal executive cabinet. In addition to the legal Executive Cabinet there are other Cabinet-level administration offices that report directly to the President of the Republic, and the Secretary of Labor and Social Welfare is appointed by the President of Mexico. *Supervises the implementation of the regulations in Article 123 concerning labor. *Attempts to achieve a balance between production factors, in keeping with the appropriate legal regulations. List of secretaries See also * Social Welfare in Mexico References External links Official Website of Labor and Social Welfare ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luis Echeverría
Luis Echeverría Álvarez (; 17 January 1922 – 8 July 2022) was a Mexican lawyer, academic, and politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) who served as the 57th president of Mexico from 1970 to 1976. Previously, Echeverría was Secretariat of the Interior, Secretary of the Interior from 1963 to 1969. He was the longest-lived president in Mexican history and the first to reach the age of 100. Echeverría was a long-time CIA asset, known by the cryptonym, LITEMPO-8. His tenure as Secretary of the Interior during the Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Díaz Ordaz administration was marked by an increase in political repression. Dissident journalists, politicians, and activists were subjected to censorship, arbitrary arrests, torture, and extrajudicial killings. This culminated with the Tlatelolco massacre of 2 October 1968, which ruptured the Mexican Movement of 1968, Mexican student movement; Díaz Ordaz, Echeverría, and Secretary of Defense Marcelino Garcia Bar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Doctor Of Juridical Science
A Doctor of Juridical Science (SJD; ), or a Doctor of the Science of Law (JSD; ), is a research doctorate degree in law that is equivalent to a Ph.D. degree. In most countries, it is the most advanced law degree that can be earned. Australia The SJD is offered by the Australian National University, Bond University, La Trobe University, the University of Canberra, the University of New South Wales, the University of Technology Sydney, and the University of Western Australia. The University of Sydney stopped accepting new applications for an SJD in 2018. Canada In Canada, the JSD or SJD is only offered at University of Toronto Faculty of Law. Other law schools in Canada still offer a PhD in law as the terminal degree. Italy In Italy, the title of Doctor of Juridical Science (''dottore in scienze giuridiche'') is awarded to holders of a Degree in Juridical Sciences (''laurea'' ''in scienze giuridiche,'' EQF level 6), while Magistral Doctor of Juridical Sciences (''dottore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
