|
Politics Of Białystok
:''This is a sub-article to Białystok'' Białystok, like other major cities in Poland, is a City with powiat rights (). The Legislative power in the city is vested in the unicameral parliament, the Białystok City Council (), which has 28 members.Statut Miasta Białegostoku Council members are elected directly every four years, one of whom is the , or President of Białystok (). Like most legislative bodies, the [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Białystok
Białystok is the largest city in northeastern Poland and the capital of the Podlaskie Voivodeship. It is the List of cities and towns in Poland, tenth-largest city in Poland, second in terms of population density, and thirteenth in area. Białystok is located in the Białystok Uplands of the Podlachia, Podlachian Plain on the banks of the Biała (Supraśl), Biała River, (124 mi) northeast of Warsaw. It has historically attracted migrants from elsewhere in Poland and beyond, particularly from Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe. This is facilitated by the Belarus–Poland border, nearby border with Belarus also being the eastern border of the European Union, as well as the Schengen Area. The city and its adjacent municipalities constitute Metropolitan Białystok. The city has a Humid continental climate#Dfb/Dwb/Dsb: Mild to warm summer subtype, warm summer continental climate, characterized by warm summers and long frosty winters. Forests are an important part of Bi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of The Jews In 20th-century Poland
Following the establishment of the Second Polish Republic after World War I and during the interwar period, the number of Jews in the country grew rapidly. According to the Polish national census of 1921, there were 2,845,364 Jews living in the Second Polish Republic; by late 1938 that number had grown by over 16 percent, to approximately 3,310,000, mainly through migration from Ukraine and the Soviet Russia. The average rate of permanent settlement was about 30,000 per annum. At the same time, every year around 100,000 Jews were passing through Poland in unofficial emigration overseas. Between the end of the Polish–Soviet War of 1919 and late 1938, the Jewish population of the Republic grew by nearly half a million, or over 464,000 persons.Yehuda Bauer, ''A History of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee 1929–1939.'' End note 20: 44–29, memo 1/30/39 (30th January 1939), The Jewish Publication Society of America, Philadelphia, 1974 Jews preferred to live in the re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Częstochowa
Częstochowa ( , ) is a city in southern Poland on the Warta with 214,342 inhabitants, making it the thirteenth-largest city in Poland. It is situated in the Silesian Voivodeship. However, Częstochowa is historically part of Lesser Poland, not Silesia, and before the Partitions of Poland, 1795 Partition of Poland, it belonged to the Kraków Voivodeship (14th century – 1795), Kraków Voivodeship. Częstochowa is located in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland. It is the largest economic, cultural and administrative hub in the northern part of the Silesian Voivodeship. The city is known for the famous Jasna Góra Monastery of the Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit of the Catholic Church, which is the home of the Black Madonna of Częstochowa, a shrines to Mary, mother of Jesus, shrine to Mary, mother of Jesus. Every year, millions of pilgrims from all over the world come to Częstochowa to see it. Częstochowa was also home to Frankism in the late 18th and 19th centuries, an antinom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seweryn Nowakowski
Seweryn Nowakowski (January 8, 1894 in Piotrków Trybunalski - died probably in 1940) was a Polish politician who served as the last Politics of Białystok, mayor of Białystok prior to the outbreak of the World War II. Biography He studied at the Faculty of Law of the University of Warsaw, and after the outbreak of World War I he stayed in Kiev. Then he continued his studies at the Faculty of Law of the University of Moscow. He returned to Poland probably in 1919 with a Red Cross transport and settled in Piotrków Trybunalski. He joined the Polish Socialist Party. He was elected to the position of juror, or a full-time employee in the Municipal Board in Piotrków Trybunalski, which he held until 30 December 1928. From 1927 to November 1930 he was the head of the financial and administrative department. In the spring of 1931 he was designated by the Prime Minister of Poland, Prime Minister for the position of government commissioner in Białystok, arriving to the city in August 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski
Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski (; 16 March 1892 – 12 April 1946) was a Polish politician, freemason and military officer who served as voivode of Białystok Voivodeship in 1930-1934, Mayor of Warsaw in 1934 and 27th Prime Minister of Poland from 1935 to 1936. Early years Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski was born in his family’s real estate of Pandėlys, located in the Novoalexandrovsky Uyezd of the Kovno Governorate of the Russian Empire (today Lithuania), to Karol and Maria Budrewicz. He came from a noble background that used the Syrokomla coat of arms. In 1903, Marian went to Saint Petersburg where he attended middle and high school. After graduation in 1910, he began studying at the local Neurological Institute. Also, he studied agriculture at Riga Technical University. In 1911, Zyndram-Kościałkowski became a member of the Union of Active Struggle (ZWC), Polish independence organization. Together with Walery Sławek, he was a co-founder of structures of the ZWC in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voivode
Voivode ( ), also spelled voivod, voievod or voevod and also known as vaivode ( ), voivoda, vojvoda, vaivada or wojewoda, is a title denoting a military leader or warlord in Central, Southeastern and Eastern Europe in use since the Early Middle Ages. It primarily referred to the medieval rulers of the Romanian-inhabited states and of governors and military commanders of Poles, Hungarian, Lithuanian, Balkan, Russian people and other Slavic-speaking populations. In the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, ''voivode'' was interchangeably used with '' palatine''. In the Tsardom of Russia, a voivode was a military governor. Among the Danube principalities, ''voivode'' was considered a princely title. Etymology The term ''voivode'' comes from two roots. , means "war, fight," while , means "leading", thus in Old Slavic together meaning "war leader" or "warlord". The Latin translation is for the principal commander of a military force, serving as a deputy for the monarch. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wincenty Hermanowski
Wincenty Hermanowski (born April 3, 1875 - November 19, 1947) was a Polish pharmacist and local government politician who served as the mayor of Białystok from 1928 to 1932. Biography Born in 1875 in Radule near Tykocin, in 1895 he was exiled to Vologda in the Russian Empire for organizing illegal Polish youth groups in a Łomża grammar school. In Russia he completed his pharmaceutical studies and in 1912 he moved to Białystok. He became involved in public life and in August 1915 in his apartment, the Society for the Aid of Polish Schools was established, thanks to which the first Polish primary school in the city was established in November 1915. On September 7, 1919, in the first local government election following the regaining of independence and the establishment of the Second Polish Republic, he was elected to the Białystok City Council. Being a fierce opponent of the chairman of the city council Feliks Filipowicz, he resigned from the city council in 1925 and didn't ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michał Ostrowski
Michał Ostrowski (1873-?) was a Polish military officer and local government politician who in 1928 served for a short period as the mayor of Białystok. Biography He was born on September 29, 1873 in Białystok. He was the son of Karol Ostrowski, probably the same as the owner of the tenement house at 13 Kraszewskiego Street. On March 3, 1891, Ostrowski was accepted to the Officers' Cavalry School in Elizavetgrad. He graduated on September 1, 1893. He served in the 2nd Saint Petersburg Dragoon Regiment. During his service in the Imperial Russian Army, he was awarded the Order of Saint Stanislaus in 1907 and Order of Saint Anna in 1912. In 1918, following the regaining of independence and the establishment of the Second Polish Republic he joined the Polish Army and was employed as the head of the renovation commission, which was responsible for purchasing horses for the army. From July 1, 1922 to April 1, 1923, he was the commander of the 18th Pomeranian Uhlan Regiment, which was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Socialist Party
The Polish Socialist Party (, PPS) is a democratic socialist political party in Poland. It was one of the most significant parties in Poland from its founding in 1892 until its forced merger with the communist Polish Workers' Party to form the Polish United Workers' Party in 1948. Józef Piłsudski, founder of the Second Polish Republic, was a member of and later led the PPS in the early 20th century. The party was re-established in 1987, near the end of the Polish People's Republic. However, it remained on the margins of Polish politics until 2019, when it won a seat in the Senate of Poland. History The Polish Socialist Party (PPS) was founded in Paris in 1892, during the period known as the Great Emigration. In 1893, a faction called the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL) split from the PPS. The PPS focused more on nationalism and Polish independence, while the SDKPiL adopted a far-left (Marxist), internationalist stance. In November 1892, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of The Interior And Administration
The Ministry of the Interior and Administration () is an administration structure controlling main administration and security branches of the Polish government. After the 2011 Polish parliamentary elections, it was transformed into two ministries: Ministry of Interior (Minister: Jacek Cichocki) and Ministry of Administration and Digitization (Poland), Ministry of Administration and Digitization (Minister: Michał Boni). It was recreated in late 2015. History and function The ministry was founded in 1918 as the Ministry of Internal Affairs (''Ministerstwo Spraw Wewnętrznych''). It has gone through several reforms, including partial splits and mergers, throughout its history. Following the abolishing of the Ministry of Public Security (Poland), Ministry of Public Security in 1954, auxiliary departments, including departmental hospitals, nurseries, and the "Konsumy" retail chain, were transferred from the MBP to the Ministry of Interior, headed by Władysław Wicha. First of all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolesław Szymański (politician)
Bolesław Szymański (1877 - 1940) was a local government politician who served as mayor of Białystok from 1919 to 1928. Biography He was born in Białystok and spent his childhood at 30 Starobojarska street in the Bojary district of the city. In 1905, he got involved in the organization of the Muza Society and performs in a staging of ''Pan Tadeusz'' and in 1908 he worked for one year as a teach at the School of Commerce. After that he left with his wife to Smolensk, and then to Livny, Oryol Governorate, working as an official and banker. In 1915 returned to Białystok, and was mobilized into the Tsarist army and returned to Białystok at the turn of 1918 and 1919. Following the regaining of independence and the establishment of the Second Polish Republic he occupied the prominent position of deputy government commissioner of the eastern territories. On 15 October 1919, he was elected by the Białystok City Council as the mayor following the first local election to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1919 Polish Local Elections
Events January * January 1 ** The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Bratislava, Pressburg (later Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia. ** HMY Iolaire, HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off the coast of the Hebrides; 201 people, mostly servicemen returning home to Lewis and Harris, are killed. * January 2–January 22, 22 – Russian Civil War: The Red Army's Caspian-Caucasian Front begins the Northern Caucasus Operation (1918–1919), Northern Caucasus Operation against the White Army, but fails to make progress. * January 3 – The Faisal–Weizmann Agreement is signed by Faisal I of Iraq, Emir Faisal (representing the Arab Kingdom of Hejaz) and Zionism, Zionist leader Chaim Weizmann, for Arab–Jewish cooperation in the development of a Jewish homeland in Palestine (region), Palestine, and an Arab nation in a large part of the Middle East. * January 5 – In Germany: ** Spartacist uprising in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
