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Playfair Cipher Building Grid Omitted Letters
Playfair may refer to: * Playfair (surname) * Playfair (lunar crater) * Playfair (Martian crater) * PlayFair, software that removes Apple's FairPlay DRM file encryption, now succeeded by Hymn (software), Hymn *Playfair Project *TS Playfair, TS ''Playfair'', a Canadian sail training vessel *Playfair's axiom named after John Playfair *Playfair cipher, a manual encryption technique invented in 1854 by Charles Wheatstone *Playfair Cricket Annual *Playfair Race Course *Lyon Playfair Library, now called the Abdus Salam Library, at Imperial College London *''Play Fair!'', an HIV/AIDS brochure See also * * * * * Fair Play (other) * Fair (other) * Play (other) {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Playfair (surname)
Playfair is a Scottish people, Scottish surname. The family is mentioned in Charles_Rogers_(author), Charles Rogers' 1887 book ''Four Perthshire families: Roger, Playfair, Constable and Haldane of Barmony''. One of the earliest records of the name is in the ''Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland'', which contains an entry from 19th August 1290 referencing William Playfayre, the Earl of Orkney's messenger, who was delivering letters from John_Comyn_III_of_Badenoch , John Comyn to Edward_I_of_England , Edward I, concerning the arrival of Margaret,_Maid_of_Norway , Margaret, Maid of Norway in Orkney. Notable people with the surname include: * Andrew W. Playfair (1790–1868), Canadian politician, son of William *Dylan Playfair (born 1992), Canadian actor * Sir Edward Playfair (1909–1999), British civil servant and businessman * Guy Lyon Playfair (1935 – 2018) British writer, son of I.S.O. Playfair * Henry Playfair (born 1983), Australian rules footballer * Hugh Lyon Pla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Playfair (lunar Crater)
Playfair is a lunar impact crater that is located in the rugged southern highlands on the near side of the Moon. It was named after the Scottish geologist and mathematician John Playfair. It lies along the eastern rim of the eroded satellite crater Playfair G, a formation that is almost twice the diameter of Playfair itself. Playfair is nearly due north of the crater Apianus, and to the southwest of the Abenezra– Azophi crater pair. This crater is oval in shape, being slightly wider along the east–west axis. The rim is somewhat eroded, and tiny craterlets lie along the south and west rims. The interior floor is level and nearly featureless, with the only feature of the minor interest being a pair of tiny craterlets lying just to the east of the midpoint. Playfair is a crater of Nectarian age. |
Playfair (Martian Crater)
{{disambiguation ...
Playfair may refer to: * Playfair (surname) * Playfair (lunar crater) * Playfair (Martian crater) * PlayFair, software that removes Apple's FairPlay DRM file encryption, now succeeded by Hymn * Playfair Project * TS ''Playfair'', a Canadian sail training vessel *Playfair's axiom named after John Playfair * Playfair cipher, a manual encryption technique invented in 1854 by Charles Wheatstone * Playfair Cricket Annual * Playfair Race Course * Lyon Playfair Library, now called the Abdus Salam Library, at Imperial College London *'' Play Fair!'', an HIV/AIDS brochure See also * * * * * Fair Play (other) * Fair (other) * Play (other) Play most commonly refers to: * Play (activity), an activity done for enjoyment * Play (theatre), a work of drama Play may refer also to: Computers and technology * Google Play, a digital content service * Play Framework, a Java framework * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymn (software)
FairPlay is a family of digital rights management (DRM) technologies developed by Apple Inc. for protecting videos, books and apps and historically for music. Music The initial version of FairPlay was created to protect music on the iTunes Store, and is the only version of FairPlay that is no longer actively used. Technical details FairPlay is built into the MP4 multimedia file format as an encrypted AAC audio layer. FairPlay-protected files are regular MP4 container files with an encrypted AAC audio layer. The layer is encrypted using the AES algorithm. The master key required to decrypt the audio layer is also stored in encrypted form in the MP4 container file. The key required to decrypt the master key is called the "user key". When a user registers a new computer with iTunes, the device requests authorization from Apple's servers, thereby gaining a user key. Upon attempting to play a file, the master key stored within the file is then matched to the user key, and if ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Playfair Project
The National (formerly the Scottish National Gallery) is the national art gallery of Scotland. It is located on The Mound in central Edinburgh, close to Princes Street. The building was designed in a neoclassical style by William Henry Playfair, and first opened to the public in 1859. The gallery houses Scotland's national collection of fine art, spanning Scottish and international art from the beginning of the Renaissance up to the start of the 20th century. The National is run by National Galleries Scotland, a public body that also owns the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art and the Scottish National Portrait Gallery. Because of its architectural similarity, the National is frequently confused by visitors with the neighbouring Royal Scottish Academy Building (RSA), a separate institution which works closely with the National. History The origins of Scotland's national collection lie with the Royal Institution for the Encouragement of the Fine Arts in Scotland, found ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TS Playfair
TS ''Playfair'' is a traditionally-rigged brigantine training ship operated by Brigs Youth Sail Training formerly Toronto Brigantine Inc., a sail-training Canadian registered charity based in Hamilton , ON, Canada as of 2021 and formerly in Toronto, ON since 1962. ''Playfair'' is used for a youth sail training program on the Great Lakes during the summer months. This program is one of the very few sail training programs where all of the crew except for the captain are in high school (13–19 years old). The summer training is followed by a winter program where youth work through higher levels of training syllabus to become accredited members of the crew the following year. History ''Playfair'' was constructed for Toronto Brigantine Inc. in 1973 as an addition to an already established sail training organization which began operation with the STV Pathfinder in 1962. During the Royal Visit to Canada in 1973, Queen Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Playfair's Axiom
In geometry, Playfair's axiom is an axiom that can be used instead of the fifth postulate of Euclid (the parallel postulate In geometry, the parallel postulate is the fifth postulate in Euclid's ''Elements'' and a distinctive axiom in Euclidean geometry. It states that, in two-dimensional geometry: If a line segment intersects two straight lines forming two interior ...): ''In a plane (mathematics), plane, given a line and a point not on it, at most one line parallel (geometry), parallel to the given line can be drawn through the point.'' It is equivalent to Euclid's parallel postulate in the context of Euclidean geometry and was named after the Scottish mathematician John Playfair. The "at most" clause is all that is needed since it can be proved from the first four axioms that at least one parallel line exists given a line ''L'' and a point ''P'' not on ''L'', as follows: # ''Construct a perpendicular'': Using the axioms and previously established theorems, you can constr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Playfair Cipher
The Playfair cipher or Playfair square or Wheatstone–Playfair cipher is a manual symmetric encryption technique and was the first literal digram substitution cipher. The scheme was invented in 1854 by Charles Wheatstone, but bears the name of Lord Playfair for promoting its use. The technique encrypts pairs of letters (''bigrams'' or ''digrams''), instead of single letters as in the simple substitution cipher and rather more complex Vigenère cipher systems then in use. The Playfair cipher is thus significantly harder to break since the frequency analysis used for simple substitution ciphers does not work with it. The frequency analysis of bigrams is possible, but considerably more difficult. With 600 possible bigrams rather than the 26 possible monograms (single symbols, usually letters in this context), a considerably larger cipher text is required in order to be useful. History Playfair cipher was the first cipher to encrypt pairs of letters in cryptologic history. Whe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Playfair Cricket Annual
''Playfair Cricket Annual'' is a compact annual about cricket that is published in the United Kingdom each April, just before the English cricket season is due to begin. It has been published every year since 1948. Its main purposes are to review the previous English season and to provide detailed career records and potted biographies of current players. It is produced in a "pocket-sized" format, being approximately 5×4 in (i.e., about 13×10 cm), so that it is a convenient size for carrying to cricket matches. The front cover of each edition has featured a photograph of a prominent current cricketer. There is a popular myth that this "honour" has a "hex" or "curse" associated with it, as the player featured then invariably has a poor season. Publications The original publisher was Playfair Books Ltd of London, which had its office at Curzon Street when the first edition was published in April 1948; the company relocated soon afterwards to Haymarket. The name Playfair was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Playfair Race Course
Playfair Race Course (known as the Spokane Interstate Fair from 1901–1935) was the home of horse racing in Spokane, Washington, from 1901 The track started out as a four-furlong (half-mile) flat oval, and expanded to five furlongs () in 1946. The grandstand was on the west, with the home stretch heading south, and the stables were on the east side. The premier races run at the track were the Playfair Mile, Spokane Derby, and the Inland Empire Marathon. The final races were on and the track officially closed the following July. Post-Closure Located in the East Central section of the city between Sprague Avenue and the railroad, the facility assets were auctioned in March 2004, and it was demolished shortly after. The site was bought by City of Spokane in 2004 for $6.3 million, with the intent of partnering with Spokane County for a new sewage treatment facility. The deal soured and was sold in 2009 to SCAFCO, a steel-framing manufacturer. Now owned by SCAFCThe Stone Grou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lyon Playfair Library
The Abdus Salam Library is the largest academic and research library of Imperial College London. The current library opened in August 1969, taking over from the original Lyon Playfair Library which had opened in 1959. The collection grew out of earlier libraries of the various departments and colleges, the oldest collection of which dates back to 1845. Formerly known as the Central Library, it is one 7 libraries at Imperial with its collection covering all of the university's research departments. It is situated on Queen's Lawn next to Imperial College Road, and across from Queen's Tower. History The earliest library collection associated with the Imperial was that of the Royal College of Chemistry, which opened in 1845. The collection was open not only to students, but also benefactors of the college, as a way of attracting funding and backing. The college went on to form part of the Royal School of Mines and then the Normal School of Science, with each having their own l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Play Fair!
''Play Fair!'' was a landmark brochure produced by the San Francisco Order of the Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence, and it was a key method of combating the emerging AIDS crisis.''1982. Safer Sex: ‘Play Fair’'' Gay In The 80s, 20131982. Safer Sex: ‘Play Fair’. ''Play Fair!'' is credited as the first pamphlet to focus on safer sex, helping invent modern safe sex. One of the authors of the publication was public health nurse and AIDS activist Bobbi Campbell (a.k.a. Sister Florence Nightmare) who would go on to appear on the cover of the August 8, 1983 issue of ''Newsweek''. Background Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence On Easter weekend in 1979, Ken Bunch, Fred Brungard, and Baruch Golden wore nun's habits and walked around San Francisco's Castro district and a nearby nude beach. The Castro was one of the U.S.'s hubs of gay culture at the time, but its fashion was one of bland masculinity, with a stereotype of being filled with " Castro clones" who all wore jeans and muscl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
