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Phenylethanoids
Phenylethanoids are a type of phenolic compounds characterized by a phenethyl alcohol structure. Tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol are examples of such compounds. Glycosides The red deadnettle (''Lamium purpureum'') contains phenylethanoid glycosides named lamiuside A, lamiusides A, lamiuside B, B, lamiuside C, C, lamiuside D, D and lamiuside E, E. The aerial parts of ''Stachys officinalis'' contain phenylethanoid glycosides, (betonyoside A, betonyosides A, betonyoside B, B, betonyoside C, C, betonyoside D, D, betonyoside E, E and betonyoside F, F). Chemical investigation of methanol extracts from ''Pithecoctenium crucigerum'' (Bignoniaceae) showed the presence of five phenylethanoid glycosides (verbascoside, isoverbascoside, forsythoside B, jionoside D and leucosceptoside B), these all active against DPPH. Verbascoside and echinacoside are phenylethanoid and phenylpropanoid hybrids forming ester bonds with sugars. References {{aromatic-stub Phenylethanoids, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Verbascoside
Verbascoside is a polyphenol glycoside in which the phenylpropanoid caffeic acid and the phenylethanoid hydroxytyrosol form an ester and an ether bond respectively, to the rhamnose part of a disaccharide, namely β-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→3)-β-D-(4-O-caffeoyl)-glucopyranoside. Occurrences Natural occurrences Verbascoside can be found in species in all the families of the order Lamiales (syn. Scrophulariales). Only two examples are known from outside the order, in the clade Asterids. ; in the Lamiales In the family Lamiaceae, it can be found in the medicinal plants in the genus ''Phlomis'', in the Scrophulariaceae, in ''Verbascum phlomoides'', ''Verbascum mallophorum'', or, in the family Buddlejaceae, in ''Buddleja globosa'' or ''Buddleja cordata'', in the family Bignoniaceae, in ''Pithecoctenium sp'' and ''Tynanthus panurensis'', in the family Orobanchaceae, in ''Cistanche sp'' and ''Orobanche rapum-genistae'', in the Plantaginaceae, in '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tyrosol
Tyrosol is an organic compound with the formula . Classified as a phenylethanoid, a derivative of phenethyl alcohol, it is found in a variety of natural sources. The compound is colorless solid. The principal source in the human diet is olive oil. Research As an antioxidant, tyrosol may protect cells against injury due to oxidation ''in vitro''. Although it is not as potent as other antioxidants present in olive oil (e.g., hydroxytyrosol), its higher concentration and good bioavailability indicate that it may have an important overall effect. Tyrosol may also be cardioprotective. Tyrosol-treated animals showed significant increase in the phosphorylation of Akt, eNOS, and FOXO3a. In addition, tyrosol also induced the expression of the protein SIRT1 in the heart after myocardial infarction (MI) in a rat MI model. Tyrosol forms esters with a variety of organic acids. For example, oleocanthal is the elenolic acid ester of tyrosol. See also * Tyrosinol, * Hydroxytyrosol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinacoside
Echinacoside is a natural phenol. It is a caffeic acid glycoside from the phenylpropanoid class. It is constituted from a trisaccharide consisting of two glucose and one rhamnose moieties glycosidically linked to one caffeic acid and one dihydroxyphenylethanol (hydroxytyrosol) residue at the centrally situated rhamnose. This water-soluble glycoside is a distinctive secondary metabolite of '' Echinacea angustifolia'' and '' Echinacea pallida'' (to about 1%) but only occurs in trace amounts in '' Echinacea purpurea''. It is also isolated from '' Cistanche spp''. It was first isolated by Stoll et al. in 1950 from the roots of ''Echinacea angustifolia''. It shows weak antibiotic activity in vitro against ''Staphylococcus aureus'' and ''Streptococci ''Streptococcus'' is a genus of gram-positive spherical bacteria that belongs to the family Streptococcaceae, within the order Lactobacillales (lactic acid bacteria), in the phylum Bacillota. Cell division in streptococci occurs along ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydroxytyrosol
Hydroxytyrosol is an organic compound with the formula . It is a phenylethanoid, i.e. a relative of phenethyl alcohol. Its derivatives are found in a variety of natural sources, notably olive oils and wines. Hydroxytyrosol is a colorless solid, although samples often turn beige during storage. It is a derivative, formally speaking, of catechol. Hydroxytyrosol and its derivatives occur in olives and in wines. Occurrence Olives left, ester.html" ;"title="Oleuropein, bitter compound, an ester">Oleuropein, bitter compound, an ester of hydroxytyrosol found in green olive skin The olives, leaves, and olive pulp contain large amounts of hydroxytyrosol derivative oleuropein, more so than olive oil. Unprocessed, green (unripe) olives contain between 4.3 and 116 mg of hydroxytyrosol per 100 g of olives, while unprocessed, black (ripe) olives contain up to 413.3 mg per 100 g. The ripening of an olive substantially increases the amount of hydroxytyrosol. Processed olives, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DPPH
DPPH is a common abbreviation for the organic chemical compound 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. It is a dark-colored crystalline powder composed of stable Radical (chemistry), free radical molecules. DPPH has two major applications, both in laboratory research: one is a monitor of chemical reactions involving radicals, most notably it is a common antioxidant assay, and another is a standard of the position and intensity of electron paramagnetic resonance signals. Properties and applications DPPH has several crystalline forms which differ by the lattice symmetry and melting point. The commercial powder is a mixture of phases which melts at ~130 °C. DPPH-I (m.p. 106 °C) is Orthorhombic crystal system, orthorhombic, DPPH-II (m.p. 137 °C) is amorphous and DPPH-III (m.p. 128–129 °C) is Triclinic crystal system, triclinic. DPPH is a well-known radical and a trap ("scavenger") for other radicals. Therefore, rate reduction of a chemical reaction u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forsythoside B
Forsythoside B is a natural product from the phenylpropanoid/polyphenolic glycoside group, which is found in a number of plant species in the mint order such as ''Marrubium alysson'', ''Phlomis armeniaca'', '' Scutellaria salviifolia'', ''Phlomoides tuberosa'', ''Phlomoides rotata'', '' Pedicularis longiflora'' and ''Teucrium chamaedrys'', several of which are used in Chinese traditional medicine in preparations such as Shuanghuanglian (双黄连). It acts as an inhibitor of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-alpha, IL-6, IκB and NF-κB, as well as the temperature sensitive channel TRPV3, but also activates the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway which can cause hypersensitivity reactions when it is injected intravenously. See also * Xiyanping Xiyanping (喜炎平) is an anti-inflammatory and antiviral preparation developed and licensed for use in China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a popula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
